SDI Convergence - Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie - KNAW

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integration of metadata and spatial data a comprehensive seamless data should be developed. 2.1.3 Robust code For further development, when preparing an open source MET, having robust code is essential. Robust coding is a style of programming that prevents abnormal termination or unexpected actions. A robust coded software is easy to follow, well commented, well tested, well-named, has good error messages and can be easily maintained and, if necessary, modified. However this criterion is not applicable when choosing proprietary software with metadata entry facilities. 2.1.4 Easy deployment When installing a MET, the general deployment process consists of several interrelated activities and transitions between them. With this in mind that every software system is unique, a complete and easy deployment process for a MET should at least include release, installation, activation, deactivation, adaptation and un-installation. 2.1.5 Open source or freeware software A vendor independent open source modular coding, and, to a lesser extent, freeware, can enable ease of adapting a MET and of future development. For preference, the language should be of an industry standard to match available skills that can be purchased cost effectively from the market place. Similar to the robust code criterion, this factor is not applicable for proprietary software. 2.1.6 Standards The MET must support international metadata standards that support spatial metadata such as Dublin Core Metadata Standard or ISO 19115:2003 Geographic information – Metadata elements whether core, conditional, mandatory or optional. Besides, the tool should support the implementation of the metadata standards such as ISO 19139:2006, Geographic information – Metadata – XML schema implementation (Moellering et al., 2005). 2.1.7 User friendly interface Ease of use in a MET includes ensuring consideration of providing an intuitive, simple and familiar user interface to perform the necessary functions and applications. The familiar interfaces would help to hide some very complex operations and provide good navigation logic. The navigation logic should enable novice, ‘low-end’ users to easily find their way around. The interface should enable novice low-end users to easily create and edit metadata records. This includes consideration of operational and navigational design, graphical and visual design, help information and assistance, the process of entering, editing and retrieving metadata records, and finally technical issues such as response and navigation speed. 124
2.1.8 Functionalities A MET must allow metadata records to be created, edited, copied, compiled, searched, saved and deleted in accordance with the standard Metadata Profile, including not only the mandatory elements but also the remainder of the standard’s elements. The basic functionality of the MET should cater for the needs of authors, users and managers of metadata. The MET should import and export different standards’ compliant metadata without the loss of content. To enable ease of human readability and presentation the MET should also produce valid text files such as HTML or RTF from the content of metadata. The application should also print metadata records using a print friendly layout. The tool should provide support for reuse and linkage of contact details. Normally contact details should be entered once, and re-used for all subsequent edits. This enables duplication of existing records for use as a first draft of a new metadata record. The tool should also be linked to the spatial application to be able to update the metadata when any change occurs to the spatial data. This significantly can reduce redundancies in the metadata database. More importantly the reliability of metadata linked to spatial data will increase. An integrated approach for handling metadata and spatial data together will require an integrated data model and integrated application. The ability to search for records using spatial, free text, keyword and other search terms through a simple or advanced search will increase the usability of the tool. The integrated help facility should also be available through the tool with table of contents, search facility and links to related web documents or websites, and a context help linking each of the elements to a summary and the detailed text of relevant sections of the user guidelines. Finally in a MET, the metadata administrator should be able to generate reports, statistical data based on specific metadata (elements), agency inputs, exports, and searches. Table 1 summarises the criteria developed for the assessment of metadata entry tools. 3. METADATA ENTRY TOOL ASSESSMENT A three stage methodology of assessment has been developed for evaluating a selection of metadata tools against the developed criteria. Figure 1 illustrates process flow and stages of the methodology. Stage 1 In this stage, a collection of related documents about the tools have been reviewed and explored. This stage helped with understanding of background and objectives of the tools development. The criteria developed above were finetuned in accordance with the overall purpose of the tools. Stage 2 In parallel to stage 1, the selected metadata entry tools were installed and the deployment process of each tool was investigated. Based on the results of the first stage, a questionnaire was developed and designed to be used by a number of five clients testing the user friendliness of each tool. The clients were selected from different background related to spatial science. 125
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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SDI Convergence. Research, Emerging
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An Integrated Framework for the Imp
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Peer Review Board for SDI Convergen
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domain are or may become important
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Services taking advantage of multip
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changes that have taken place in th
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The Potential of a National Atlas a
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tion, the Royal Netherlands Geograp
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challenge for the National Atlas Fo
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experience 'instant satisfaction' u
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data are found offered by the data
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spread of flora and fauna, especial
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Spatial Data Infrastructure of Spai
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ecords managed through the services
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esult of applying GUI production ru
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28 Table 1: Mapping between OGC Cap
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30 Figure 4: Online metadata editio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been
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Public Sector Geo Web Services: Whi
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Figure 1: Serving geo-information u
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nue. With an increasing number of m
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3.2 Types of business models Malone
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Not all revenue models described by
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uses this model to finance large-sc
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of web service (WMS, WFS/WCS, WIS,
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REFERENCES Anderson, C. (2008). Fre
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INTERVIEWS Jellema, M., DataLand, R
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gion, aware of the INSPIRE context,
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3.3 International activities on man
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use happens when the final user wil
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Geolicences implementation has draw
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Spatial Information Council (2008).
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make it hard for citizens and civil
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66 Figure 2: Prototype to test navi
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”Member States may limit public a
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sor is dragged further into the pro
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cause changes in Dutch and regional
Page 82 and 83: Hoekstra, R., Winkels R.G.F. and Hu
Page 84 and 85: The use of location-based informati
Page 86 and 87: tion which does not measure a perso
Page 88 and 89: important role (Dobson and Fisher,
Page 90 and 91: camera surveillance on a public roa
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, the Court gave a numbe
Page 94 and 95: ECtHR (2003a). Peck v. The United K
Page 97 and 98: Harmonising and Integrating Two Dom
Page 99 and 100: ing and integrating these two domai
Page 101 and 102: Table 1: Differences in background
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1: Examples of IMGeo data (c
Page 105 and 106: Concept Table 4: Same concept, diff
Page 107 and 108: Some differences are not clear from
Page 109 and 110: Such homogenous classes will also a
Page 111 and 112: BMT classes, which contain all info
Page 113 and 114: phy, both illustrated with UML exam
Page 115 and 116: An Analysis of Technology Choices f
Page 117 and 118: The objectives of this article are
Page 119 and 120: 3. THE COMPARTIMOS REFERENCE MODEL
Page 121 and 122: sufficiently simple to allow repres
Page 123 and 124: same implementation of a geospatial
Page 125 and 126: 5. RESULTS Through the development
Page 127 and 128: Di L., Chen A., Yang W., Liu Y., We
Page 129 and 130: SDI and Metadata Entry and Updating
Page 131: A critical problem for metadata col
Page 135 and 136: Collection of related documents Sta
Page 137 and 138: well as more enhanced tools to impr
Page 139 and 140: access to geo-referenced databases,
Page 141 and 142: metadata and spatial data is new an
Page 143 and 144: Phillips, A. and Williamson, I. P.
Page 145 and 146: A Prototype Metadata Tool for Land
Page 147 and 148: data and grid computing infrastruct
Page 149 and 150: model elements it becomes possible
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2: Overview of the system co
Page 153 and 154: 1. selection of a model; 2. provisi
Page 155 and 156: the tool is deployed more widely us
Page 157 and 158: Chan, T., Beverly C., Ebert, S., Ga
Page 159 and 160: Implementation of Recent Metadata D
Page 161 and 162: ) definition of a metadata organisa
Page 163 and 164: 3.2 Definition of a metadata schema
Page 165 and 166: This is just an example of how comp
Page 167 and 168: 6. CONCLUSIONS The Public Administr
Page 169 and 170: An Integrated Framework for the Imp
Page 171 and 172: 2.1 Six Sigma Six Sigma is one of t
Page 173 and 174: However, the traditional methods of
Page 175 and 176: The fifth element for BSC design is
Page 177 and 178: Table 2: Strengths and weaknesses o
Page 179 and 180: Camp, R. C. (1989). Benchmarking: T
Page 181 and 182: Nedovic-Budic, Z., Feeney, M.E.F.,
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The Value Chain Approach to Evaluat
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The definition of assessment strate
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There may be several activities per
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The complexity of work, which was r
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Figure 5: Secondary interface: orga
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on investments. More importantly, i
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Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Adva
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Evaluation of Spatial Information T
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fully digital nationwide spatial da
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satellite imagery, digital vector d
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lic) and the National Mapping Agenc
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- Secondary spatial data available,
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Figure 1: Technical progress of SDI
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Khan, J. (2007). Karachi Master Pla
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Philippines http://www.geoinfo.ait.
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Local Government and SDI - Understa
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Australia, like many developed coun
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Table 1: Structure of the LGA quest
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(p
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Table 3: Results of multiple regres
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The role of local government in bui
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McDougall, K., A. Rajabifard and I.
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Changing Notions of a Spatial Data
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Table 1: Differences between GeoWeb
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The concept of spatially enabled go
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applications field and also in term
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The discussion in the fifth section
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Cooperation - a Key Factor for Sust
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appears at low levels and can seek
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Many of the problems of a non-techn
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4.4 Important aspects As cooperatio
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level’ within and between organis
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Seamless SDI Model - Bridging the G
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tuaries and oceans (Plunkett, 2001)
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Figure 2: Seamless administration s
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Figure 5: Seamless platform. A seam
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4.2 Standards SDI must be based on
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One more concern linked to the esta
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structures that not only do not yet
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The RRR Toolbox: a Conceptual Model
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curring in the present must not com
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databases and web mapping services.
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Principles, Institutional Principle
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The commonalities between SDIs and
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Mooney, J. D. and Grant, D. M. (199
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Building SDI Bridges for Catchment
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approaches. TCM is a holistic appro
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hierarchy namely; the umbrella view
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tions and practices in South Africa
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Figure 2: Conceptual framework: App
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In the Murray Darling Basin, there
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REFERENCES Australian Bureau of Sta
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Rajabifard, A., M.-E.F. Feeney and
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SDI Convergence - Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie - KNAW

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