SDI Convergence - Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie - KNAW

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Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmens, R.L.G., Meijers, B.M., van Oosterom, P.J.M., Quak, C.W., Uitermark, H.T. and van den Brink, L. (2008). “A data model for multi - scale topographic data”, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Stoter, J.E. (2009). “Towards one domain model and one key register topography”, in: P. van Oosterom (ed.). Core Spatial Data, Delft: Netherlands Geodetic Commission. TOP10NL (2005). TOP10NL versie 2.3, februari 2005, http://www.kadaster.nl/top10nl/ gegevensmodel_top10nl_2%203.pdf. In Dutch. VROM, (2009a). Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment http://www. vrom.nl/pagina.html?id=12050. In Dutch. VROM (2009b). Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment http://www. vrom.nl/pagina.html?id=36586. In Dutch. VROM (2009c). Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment http://www. vrom.nl/pagina.html?id=36688. In Dutch. 106
An Analysis of Technology Choices for Data Grids in a Spatial Data Infrastructure Serena Coetzee and Judith Bishop Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa {scoetzee, jbishop}@cs.up.ac.za Abstract The concept of grid computing has permeated all areas of distributed computing, changing the way in which distributed systems are designed, developed and implemented. Data grids enable the sharing of data in a virtual organisation and are typically implemented for data federation in data-intensive environments. So far, they have been applied to traditional data (text, image, sound). We present a scenario that describes for the first time how data grids can be applied to enable the sharing of address data in a spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Consolidating spatial data from distributed heterogeneous sources into a single centralised dataset requires, amongst others, a considerable human coordination effort. A data grid consolidates data directly from the distributed sources, thereby eliminating the effort. We present a reference model called Compartimos (Spanish for ‘we share’), that is based on the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) but is customised for sharing address data in an SDI, and we analyse existing technologies, such as the Globus Toolkit, ISO 19100 standards and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service implementation specifications, for Compartimos. This article advances the mutual understanding between data grids and SDIs and sheds light on a future technological solution that could overcome some of the data sharing impediments that are experienced in SDIs today. Finally, results from the analysis and future directions for research are discussed. Keywords: spatial data infrastructure (SDI), data grid, data sharing, service-orientation, web service, grid computing, address data, geographic information, GIS. 1. INTRODUCTION A grid is a system that is concerned with the integration, virtualisation, and management of services and resources in a distributed, heterogeneous environment that supports virtual organisations (collections of users and resources) across traditional administrative and organisational domains (real organisations). A data grid is a special kind of grid in which data resources are shared and coordinated (OGF, 2007b). How virtual organisations collaborate and share resources in order to achieve a common goal is described as the ‘grid architecture’ in The Anatomy of the Grid (Foster et al., 2001) and The Physiology of the Grid (Foster et al., 2002). This has subsequently evolved into the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) published by the Open Grid Forum (OGF, 2006), a vision of a broadly applicable and adopted framework for grids. The OGSA data architecture (OGF, 2007a) describes the interfaces, behaviours and bindings for manipulating data within the broader OGSA. The work reported in this article is part of a research project on ‘Distributed Address Management’, which has the objective of establishing whether the data grid approach is an option for national address databases in an SDI and if so, what the design imperatives for such an approach are. In earlier work, we used a novel evaluation framework for national address databases to evaluate existing information federation models, as well as the data grid approach, for the use in address databases for national 107
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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SDI Convergence. Research, Emerging
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An Integrated Framework for the Imp
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Peer Review Board for SDI Convergen
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domain are or may become important
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Services taking advantage of multip
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changes that have taken place in th
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The Potential of a National Atlas a
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tion, the Royal Netherlands Geograp
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challenge for the National Atlas Fo
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experience 'instant satisfaction' u
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data are found offered by the data
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spread of flora and fauna, especial
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Spatial Data Infrastructure of Spai
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ecords managed through the services
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esult of applying GUI production ru
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28 Table 1: Mapping between OGC Cap
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30 Figure 4: Online metadata editio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been
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Public Sector Geo Web Services: Whi
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Figure 1: Serving geo-information u
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nue. With an increasing number of m
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3.2 Types of business models Malone
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Not all revenue models described by
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uses this model to finance large-sc
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of web service (WMS, WFS/WCS, WIS,
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REFERENCES Anderson, C. (2008). Fre
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INTERVIEWS Jellema, M., DataLand, R
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gion, aware of the INSPIRE context,
Page 64 and 65: 3.3 International activities on man
Page 66 and 67: use happens when the final user wil
Page 68 and 69: Geolicences implementation has draw
Page 70 and 71: Spatial Information Council (2008).
Page 72 and 73: make it hard for citizens and civil
Page 74 and 75: 66 Figure 2: Prototype to test navi
Page 76 and 77: ”Member States may limit public a
Page 78 and 79: sor is dragged further into the pro
Page 80 and 81: cause changes in Dutch and regional
Page 82 and 83: Hoekstra, R., Winkels R.G.F. and Hu
Page 84 and 85: The use of location-based informati
Page 86 and 87: tion which does not measure a perso
Page 88 and 89: important role (Dobson and Fisher,
Page 90 and 91: camera surveillance on a public roa
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, the Court gave a numbe
Page 94 and 95: ECtHR (2003a). Peck v. The United K
Page 97 and 98: Harmonising and Integrating Two Dom
Page 99 and 100: ing and integrating these two domai
Page 101 and 102: Table 1: Differences in background
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1: Examples of IMGeo data (c
Page 105 and 106: Concept Table 4: Same concept, diff
Page 107 and 108: Some differences are not clear from
Page 109 and 110: Such homogenous classes will also a
Page 111 and 112: BMT classes, which contain all info
Page 113: phy, both illustrated with UML exam
Page 117 and 118: The objectives of this article are
Page 119 and 120: 3. THE COMPARTIMOS REFERENCE MODEL
Page 121 and 122: sufficiently simple to allow repres
Page 123 and 124: same implementation of a geospatial
Page 125 and 126: 5. RESULTS Through the development
Page 127 and 128: Di L., Chen A., Yang W., Liu Y., We
Page 129 and 130: SDI and Metadata Entry and Updating
Page 131 and 132: A critical problem for metadata col
Page 133 and 134: 2.1.8 Functionalities A MET must al
Page 135 and 136: Collection of related documents Sta
Page 137 and 138: well as more enhanced tools to impr
Page 139 and 140: access to geo-referenced databases,
Page 141 and 142: metadata and spatial data is new an
Page 143 and 144: Phillips, A. and Williamson, I. P.
Page 145 and 146: A Prototype Metadata Tool for Land
Page 147 and 148: data and grid computing infrastruct
Page 149 and 150: model elements it becomes possible
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2: Overview of the system co
Page 153 and 154: 1. selection of a model; 2. provisi
Page 155 and 156: the tool is deployed more widely us
Page 157 and 158: Chan, T., Beverly C., Ebert, S., Ga
Page 159 and 160: Implementation of Recent Metadata D
Page 161 and 162: ) definition of a metadata organisa
Page 163 and 164: 3.2 Definition of a metadata schema
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This is just an example of how comp
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6. CONCLUSIONS The Public Administr
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An Integrated Framework for the Imp
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2.1 Six Sigma Six Sigma is one of t
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However, the traditional methods of
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The fifth element for BSC design is
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Table 2: Strengths and weaknesses o
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Camp, R. C. (1989). Benchmarking: T
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Nedovic-Budic, Z., Feeney, M.E.F.,
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The Value Chain Approach to Evaluat
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The definition of assessment strate
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There may be several activities per
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The complexity of work, which was r
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Figure 5: Secondary interface: orga
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on investments. More importantly, i
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Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Adva
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Evaluation of Spatial Information T
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fully digital nationwide spatial da
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satellite imagery, digital vector d
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lic) and the National Mapping Agenc
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- Secondary spatial data available,
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Figure 1: Technical progress of SDI
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Khan, J. (2007). Karachi Master Pla
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Philippines http://www.geoinfo.ait.
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Local Government and SDI - Understa
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Australia, like many developed coun
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Table 1: Structure of the LGA quest
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(p
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Table 3: Results of multiple regres
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The role of local government in bui
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McDougall, K., A. Rajabifard and I.
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Changing Notions of a Spatial Data
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Table 1: Differences between GeoWeb
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The concept of spatially enabled go
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applications field and also in term
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The discussion in the fifth section
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Cooperation - a Key Factor for Sust
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appears at low levels and can seek
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Many of the problems of a non-techn
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4.4 Important aspects As cooperatio
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level’ within and between organis
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Seamless SDI Model - Bridging the G
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tuaries and oceans (Plunkett, 2001)
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Figure 2: Seamless administration s
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Figure 5: Seamless platform. A seam
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4.2 Standards SDI must be based on
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One more concern linked to the esta
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structures that not only do not yet
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The RRR Toolbox: a Conceptual Model
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curring in the present must not com
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databases and web mapping services.
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Principles, Institutional Principle
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The commonalities between SDIs and
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Mooney, J. D. and Grant, D. M. (199
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Building SDI Bridges for Catchment
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approaches. TCM is a holistic appro
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hierarchy namely; the umbrella view
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tions and practices in South Africa
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Figure 2: Conceptual framework: App
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In the Murray Darling Basin, there
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REFERENCES Australian Bureau of Sta
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Rajabifard, A., M.-E.F. Feeney and
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SDI Convergence - Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie - KNAW

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