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Chapter xii. THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARD II. REAT changes were takingplacein oldEngland in 1399. A banished nobleman returning to his native country, andwith but a followingof sixty men, not onlyregaining his inheritance, but,by thesympathyand assistancehe gained. takingviolent possession of the crown itself, is a El/ sight which excites theutmost surprise. Let us see how such circumstances came about. Richard of Bordeaux, having rendered himself unpopular by his misgovernment of the nationand fondness for favourites, his uncle, the bold and ambitious Duke of Gloucester, possessed himself of the reins of power by forcing his nephew to appoint a Commissionfor the managementof national business; but on Richard attaining the age of twenty-two,he threw off theyoke ofGloucesterby taking advantage of a full Council to declare openly that he should for the future act byhis ownjudgment. Gloucester was shortly after arrested and sent to Calais, where it is supposed that he was murdered by his nephew's order. Those nobles who had, in a more or less degree, been partakers in the seizure ofpowerby Gloucesterwere next the object of the King's lawless resentment. Among those who had reason to fear this were the Duke of Norfolk and Henry Bolingbroke,Duke of Hereford, son of John of Gaunt. It wouldappear that the former had put some inquiries to Bolingbroke as to the best method of avertingthe dangersof the King's anger. Bolingbroke, however, betrayed the communication to the King, openly accusing Norfolk of high treason. Richard,
THE FALL AND DEA TH OF RICHARD II. seeing here an opportunity for ridding himself of two nobles who were so likely to disturb his peace, decided that the impeachment should be tried by wager of battle as demanded by Norfolk. The Parliament was now separating, and in order that legislative authority might be available,should the result of the duel render its exercise desirable, the extraordinary expedient was used of delegating the full powers of the Houses of Parliament to a committeeof twelve lords and six commons. The lists were fixed at Coventry, and party enthusiasm ran high; but upon the day appointed,when the combatants were actually face to face, the King interfered, forbid the combat, and banished them both — Norfolk for life, and Bolingbroke for ten years. This was in 1398. The following year Bolingbroke's father, John of Gaunt,Duke of Lancaster, died,and the banished Bolingbroke, now Duke of Lancaster, applied to be put in possession of the rights and estatesof the Duchy; but Richard,withablindness that entirelyoverlookedthe consequences of such arbitrary conduct, withheldthe lands, reversing his own letters patentby which the succession had been secured. Thus we find that while Richard was foolishly absent in Ireland, Bolingbroke, with his feeble retinue, landed at Ravensburg,a town on the Humber, now washed away. He was speedilyjoinedby the Earl of Northumberland,his son Hotspur, and many others. In the presence of these nobles,and of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Earl of Arundel, that prelate's nephew, which two latter had accompanied him from Nantes, Bolingbroke solemnly affirmed an oath that his object in returning to his country was simply therecovery of the Duchy so wrongfully withheld. Thus propitiating what few friends remained to the tyrannous Richard,he invited all lovers of justice to aid him in recovering his rights, and found himself speedily at the head of 60,000 men eager for revenge against the absent monarch. Richard landed from Ireland at Milford Haven with an army of 20,000 warriors, but of these fully two-thirds 77
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Historic Yorkshire.
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PRINTEDBY TRED. R. SPARK, "EX,RF.SS
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CONTENTS. Chapter. I. Alfred, King
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2 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. nort
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4 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. his
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6 ALFRED,KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. fosse
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CHAPTER II. THE STORY OF ST. JOHN O
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10 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. up the exc
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12 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. milefrom t
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14 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. discrete m
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16 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. beneath th
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18 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. There
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20 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. North
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22 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. Steph
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24 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. This ch
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Page 42 and 43: 28 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. accompa
Page 44 and 45: Chapter V, THE JEWISH MASSACRE AT Y
Page 46 and 47: 32 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK can enab
Page 48 and 49: 34 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK. the lik
Page 50 and 51: Chapter VI. MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSH
Page 52 and 53: 38 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. was t
Page 54 and 55: 40 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. Ah, g
Page 56 and 57: 42 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. To wh
Page 58 and 59: 44 MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSHIRE. of w
Page 60 and 61: 46 BOLTON ABBEY. The original situa
Page 62 and 63: 48 BOLTON ABBEY. Alice gave the Can
Page 64 and 65: 50 BOLTON ABBEY. Nor did she fear i
Page 66 and 67: Chapter VIII. BLACK-EACED CLIFFORD.
Page 68 and 69: 54 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. Duke of Yo
Page 70 and 71: 56 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. His career
Page 72 and 73: Chapter IX. THE SHEPHERD LORD. But
Page 74 and 75: 60 THE SHEPHERD LORD. the safety of
Page 76 and 77: 62 THE SHEPHERD LORD. The Shepherd
Page 78 and 79: 64 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
Page 80 and 81: 66 HENRY THE IIL's CHRISTMAS AT YOR
Page 82 and 83: 68 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
Page 84 and 85: 70 THE TRAGIC STORY OF THE ELLANDS.
Page 92 and 93: 78 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
Page 94 and 95: 80 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARD II
Page 96 and 97: 82 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
Page 98 and 99: 84 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. took t
Page 100 and 101: 86 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. and ye
Page 102 and 103: 88 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. threat
Page 104 and 105: 90 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. distur
Page 106 and 107: 92 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. suffer
Page 108 and 109: 94 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. " had
Page 110 and 111: 96 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. upon w
Page 112 and 113: 98 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. We f
Page 114 and 115: 100 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. who
Page 116 and 117: Chapter XV. THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD
Page 118 and 119: 104 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the La
Page 120 and 121: 106 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the Ca
Page 122 and 123: Chapter XVI. THE BATTLE OF TOWTON,
Page 124 and 125: 110 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. their qui
Page 126 and 127: 112 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. death-blo
Page 128 and 129: 114 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. The
Page 130 and 131: 116 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. att
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER XVIII. THE STORY OF A TAX O
Page 134 and 135: 120 THE STORY OF A TAX. surprising
Page 136 and 137: 122 THE STORY OF A TAX. those who s
Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER XIX. CATHOLIC PERSECUTION.
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126 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. At a late
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128 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. on his wa
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CHAPTER XX. THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT
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132 THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT CASTLE.
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140 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. to a church
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142 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. another tow
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144 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. masons,2; d
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CHAPTER XXII. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF
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148 DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
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CHAPTER XXIII. EUGENE ARAM, THE YOR
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156 EUGENE ARAM. who wanted them fo
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158 EUGENE ARAM. sharply, which had
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160 EUGENE ARAM. bones ? " In concl
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Chapter XXIV. HISTORY OF THE YORKSH
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164 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. ope
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166 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. the
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168 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. one
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170 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. in spreading
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172 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. the mastersa
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174 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. two troops o
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Chapter XXVI. ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS.
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178 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. property,a
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180 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. greatquant
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182 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. Lane. In17
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CHAPTER xxvii. THE BISHOP BLAIZE FE
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186 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. has
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188 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. Mr.
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190 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. but
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192 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Th
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194 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Mr
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196 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. in
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198 PAGE. Black-faced Clifford, see
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200 PAGE. Laid on a hurdle and drag
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202 INDEX. PAGE. Nevison, highwayma
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204 PAGE. Vaughan, Sir Thomas 133 V
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