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4 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. his education at Ripon,under Wilfrid (who afterwards received canonisation as St. Wilfrid of Ripon). Alfred, soon after his return to his nativeland, recommenced his old friendship with Wilfrid, and bestowed upon him the Archiepiscopal mitreof York; but Wilfrid (who hasbeen termed by that eminentantiquary,Mr. Frederick Ross, a seventh-century Beckett), encroaching on the favour displayed to him, began a series of presumptive aggressions on the prerogatives of the King. Alfred, who was little of a disposition to brook such return for his kindness,banished the haughtyWilfrid, who fled to Rome, andlaid his grievancesat the feet of His Holiness the Pope. The Holy Father, John VIL, listened with* complacency, and ordered his immediate return, sending at the same time, by the hands of the triumphant priest, a lettercouched in the most peremptory terms, ordering his reinstatement in all the dignities and emoluments of his late office. Probablythe elatedecclesiastic, upon speeding back to the Kingof Northumbria, was considerably astonished at beingaddressed to the followingeffect by thatindependentand liberal-mindedman:"Youbring a writing from the apostolic seat, as you choose to term it, couched in dictatorial terms to me, the King of Northumbria ; butIwish you to understand thatIdo not alter my course of conduct at the dictation of a foreign priest; nor doIrender obedienceto any writing, whether from the apostolic seat or elsewhere." From the foregoing it is evident that the supremacy of the papal decrees was a growth of mediæval times, rather than a necessary, and always present, portion of their history. Alfred marriedKyneburga,the daughter of Penda, the King of Mercia, who had been slain in battle with the Northumbrians, under Oswy, at Winwinfield. By this marriage,whichhas beenregarded as a politicalmeasure, he had issue one son, Osred, who afterwards became king on his death,and waskilled in a revoltofhis western subjects at Winandermere in 716.
ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. From a booklet publishedby Mr. Thomas Holderness, and which is a curious speculative account, elaborate in details which are plausible to perfection, of Alfred's funeral, we gather much interestinginformation. Those Northumbrian kings, who were lords both of Bernicia and Deira, held their chief court and Witenagemot (or Council of Wise Men) at York, and an inferior residentialcourt in Deira, with a Witenagemot here also for the transactionof the districtaffairs. The site of this East Riding Court was calledDerrifield by the vulgar — Deira-feld by the more cultivated; that is, the Field of Deira, or the Field of the King of Deira — our present Driffield. This castle or centre of Government was situated not far from the old Roman road from York to Filey,and had at some time (probablythe period of which we deal) a large population,as the numerous tumuli or burial mounds testify. In addition to the Royal Castle or mansion, there were also the church and the Mot House, where the local Parliament met to enact the laws of Deira. The Castle and the Mot House were one at each side of, though at some little distance from, ahill, known as the MotHill, where upon occasions when the people were to be addressed the Council walked in procession, and from the summit harangued the populace. The cottages which formed the village werebuilt of mud and stones, and thatched. The doors were roughly battened together, and secured by wooden pegs, as was the case with all the woodwork for long ages subsequent to this period. All were one storey high. The castle itself was a large structure, consisting of many heterogeneous buildings, erected upon a square mound, surrounded by a walled fosse, while on the inner side of the fosse rose a wallsome twelve feet high. In this seemingly impregnable stronghold stood the Royal Palace, approachable on the north side only by a massive gateway, with a drawbridge. In the midst of the group of buildings was the keep, a stupendous structure of stone four storeys high. Outside of the 5
Page 7: Historic Yorkshire.
Page 10 and 11: PRINTEDBY TRED. R. SPARK, "EX,RF.SS
Page 13: CONTENTS. Chapter. I. Alfred, King
Page 16 and 17: 2 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. nort
Page 20 and 21: 6 ALFRED,KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. fosse
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER II. THE STORY OF ST. JOHN O
Page 24 and 25: 10 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. up the exc
Page 26 and 27: 12 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. milefrom t
Page 28 and 29: 14 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. discrete m
Page 30 and 31: 16 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. beneath th
Page 32 and 33: 18 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. There
Page 34 and 35: 20 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. North
Page 36 and 37: 22 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. Steph
Page 38 and 39: 24 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. This ch
Page 40 and 41: 26 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. compani
Page 42 and 43: 28 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. accompa
Page 44 and 45: Chapter V, THE JEWISH MASSACRE AT Y
Page 46 and 47: 32 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK can enab
Page 48 and 49: 34 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK. the lik
Page 50 and 51: Chapter VI. MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSH
Page 52 and 53: 38 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. was t
Page 54 and 55: 40 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. Ah, g
Page 56 and 57: 42 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. To wh
Page 58 and 59: 44 MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSHIRE. of w
Page 60 and 61: 46 BOLTON ABBEY. The original situa
Page 62 and 63: 48 BOLTON ABBEY. Alice gave the Can
Page 64 and 65: 50 BOLTON ABBEY. Nor did she fear i
Page 66 and 67: Chapter VIII. BLACK-EACED CLIFFORD.
Page 68 and 69:
54 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. Duke of Yo
Page 70 and 71:
56 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. His career
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter IX. THE SHEPHERD LORD. But
Page 74 and 75:
60 THE SHEPHERD LORD. the safety of
Page 76 and 77:
62 THE SHEPHERD LORD. The Shepherd
Page 78 and 79:
64 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
Page 80 and 81:
66 HENRY THE IIL's CHRISTMAS AT YOR
Page 82 and 83:
68 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
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70 THE TRAGIC STORY OF THE ELLANDS.
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter xii. THE FALL AND DEATH OF
Page 92 and 93:
78 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
Page 94 and 95:
80 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARD II
Page 96 and 97:
82 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
Page 98 and 99:
84 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. took t
Page 100 and 101:
86 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. and ye
Page 102 and 103:
88 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. threat
Page 104 and 105:
90 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. distur
Page 106 and 107:
92 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. suffer
Page 108 and 109:
94 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. " had
Page 110 and 111:
96 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. upon w
Page 112 and 113:
98 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. We f
Page 114 and 115:
100 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. who
Page 116 and 117:
Chapter XV. THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD
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104 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the La
Page 120 and 121:
106 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the Ca
Page 122 and 123:
Chapter XVI. THE BATTLE OF TOWTON,
Page 124 and 125:
110 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. their qui
Page 126 and 127:
112 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. death-blo
Page 128 and 129:
114 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. The
Page 130 and 131:
116 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. att
Page 132 and 133:
CHAPTER XVIII. THE STORY OF A TAX O
Page 134 and 135:
120 THE STORY OF A TAX. surprising
Page 136 and 137:
122 THE STORY OF A TAX. those who s
Page 138 and 139:
CHAPTER XIX. CATHOLIC PERSECUTION.
Page 140 and 141:
126 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. At a late
Page 142 and 143:
128 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. on his wa
Page 144 and 145:
CHAPTER XX. THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT
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132 THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT CASTLE.
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
140 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. to a church
Page 156 and 157:
142 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. another tow
Page 158 and 159:
144 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. masons,2; d
Page 160 and 161:
CHAPTER XXII. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF
Page 162 and 163:
148 DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
CHAPTER XXIII. EUGENE ARAM, THE YOR
Page 170 and 171:
156 EUGENE ARAM. who wanted them fo
Page 172 and 173:
158 EUGENE ARAM. sharply, which had
Page 174 and 175:
160 EUGENE ARAM. bones ? " In concl
Page 176 and 177:
Chapter XXIV. HISTORY OF THE YORKSH
Page 178 and 179:
164 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. ope
Page 180 and 181:
166 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. the
Page 182 and 183:
168 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. one
Page 184 and 185:
170 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. in spreading
Page 186 and 187:
172 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. the mastersa
Page 188 and 189:
174 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. two troops o
Page 190 and 191:
Chapter XXVI. ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS.
Page 192 and 193:
178 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. property,a
Page 194 and 195:
180 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. greatquant
Page 196 and 197:
182 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. Lane. In17
Page 198 and 199:
CHAPTER xxvii. THE BISHOP BLAIZE FE
Page 200 and 201:
186 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. has
Page 202 and 203:
188 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. Mr.
Page 204 and 205:
190 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. but
Page 206 and 207:
192 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Th
Page 208 and 209:
194 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Mr
Page 210 and 211:
196 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. in
Page 212 and 213:
198 PAGE. Black-faced Clifford, see
Page 214 and 215:
200 PAGE. Laid on a hurdle and drag
Page 216 and 217:
202 INDEX. PAGE. Nevison, highwayma
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204 PAGE. Vaughan, Sir Thomas 133 V
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