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CHAPTER XXII. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM AT KIRKBY-MOORSIDE. EORGE VILLIERS, Duke of Buckingham, was born January 30th,1627. The son ofhis father ofthe same name, he was educated at Cambridge,and spent some part of his early life in travelling; but, on the outbreak of the Civil War, he returned to England to espouse GL? the Royal cause. In the battle, however, near Nonsuch, his brother, Lord Francis, was killed, and the Duke himself escaped with great difficulty. Again, at Worcester, at the defeat of Charles, he was obliged to seek safety in flight. His estates were confiscated,part being assigned to Fairfax, who allowed the Duchess of Buckingham, the mother of George, an annuity. The Duke, encouragedby this, although outlawed,returned to England and marriedone of Fairfax's daughters. Shortly afterwards he was thrown into the Tower by Cromwell, and subsequentlyhe was placed in Windsor Castle, from which he was released at the Restoration. He now became the prime favourite of the Merry Monarch. Alreadyinvested with the Order of the Garter, he was sworn a memberof the Privy Council,and made Lord-Lieutenant of the county of York. On the formation ofthe Cabal a chief memberwas Buckingham. The King's weak and facile nature was greatly influenced by
I. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. Buckingham's aptitude for mimicry and ridicule, and so pronouncedbecame this influence that he was his chosen companioninevery viceand folly,and wasnotinfrequently exercisedfor the downfallof personshighin the State. Himself of a vicious and profligate nature, he was a fitting instrument in the handsofthe debasedKing. As an instance of Buckingham'sdepravity,and the shameless profligacyof the time in whichhe lived, his intrigue with the Countess of Shrewsbury and its tragic connection place him in the worst light. Boasting to the Earl of Shrewsbury ofthe success of his amour, the Earl, though a diminutiveand feebleperson,was provoked to send him a challenge. Theyfought in thepresence of two seconds, who also fought at the same time. The Earl fell at the first thrust, while the Duke's second was killed at the same instant. Buckingham, elated with the victorious result of the encounter, hastened to the Countess at Cliveden, who received him with every demonstration of satisfaction. The account of the Countess, disguised as a page, and holdingthe bridleofthe Duke's horse during the duelis considered to be entirely fictitious. The young Earl of Shrewsbury, through the Duke of Westmoreland,afterwardstriedto annul the Royal pardon which was granted to the Duke because he had received great provocation from the Earl of Shrewsbury, having fought him twice before, "and as often given him his life," and that the Earl had nevertheless threatened that unless he would fight him again he would " pistol him " wherever he found him. These reasons of pardon werementioned by the Duke inhis defence, and also the fact that the lady had then "gone into retirement," and though a datewas fixed for the consideration ofthe young Earl's petition, it does not seem to have been further noticed. It is said that the Countess had one son by the Duke, and who died in earlyinfancy. On the death of Charles,in1685, the Duke,recognising the fact that in James he would find a monarch far more difficult to control, or even conciliate, than he had in 147
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Historic Yorkshire.
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PRINTEDBY TRED. R. SPARK, "EX,RF.SS
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CONTENTS. Chapter. I. Alfred, King
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2 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. nort
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4 ALFRED, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. his
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6 ALFRED,KING OF NORTHUMBRIA. fosse
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CHAPTER II. THE STORY OF ST. JOHN O
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10 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. up the exc
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12 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. milefrom t
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14 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. discrete m
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16 ST. JOHN OF BEVERLEY. beneath th
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18 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. There
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20 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. North
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22 LEEDS BEFORE THE CONQUEST. Steph
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24 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. This ch
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26 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. compani
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28 LEEDS UNDER THE NORMANS. accompa
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Chapter V, THE JEWISH MASSACRE AT Y
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32 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK can enab
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34 JEWISH MASSACRE AT YORK. the lik
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Chapter VI. MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSH
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38 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. was t
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40 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. Ah, g
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42 MYSTERY PLAYSIN YORKSHIRE. To wh
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44 MYSTERY PLAYS IN YORKSHIRE. of w
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46 BOLTON ABBEY. The original situa
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48 BOLTON ABBEY. Alice gave the Can
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50 BOLTON ABBEY. Nor did she fear i
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Chapter VIII. BLACK-EACED CLIFFORD.
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54 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. Duke of Yo
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56 BLACK-FACED CLIFFORD. His career
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Chapter IX. THE SHEPHERD LORD. But
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60 THE SHEPHERD LORD. the safety of
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62 THE SHEPHERD LORD. The Shepherd
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64 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
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66 HENRY THE IIL's CHRISTMAS AT YOR
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68 HENRY THE III.'s CHRISTMAS AT YO
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70 THE TRAGIC STORY OF THE ELLANDS.
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Chapter xii. THE FALL AND DEATH OF
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78 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
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80 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARD II
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82 THE FALL AND DEATH OF RICHARDII.
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84 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. took t
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86 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. and ye
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88 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. threat
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90 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. distur
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92 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. suffer
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94 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. " had
Page 110 and 111: 96 THE STORY OF YORK CASTLE. upon w
Page 112 and 113: 98 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. We f
Page 114 and 115: 100 THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD. who
Page 116 and 117: Chapter XV. THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD
Page 118 and 119: 104 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the La
Page 120 and 121: 106 THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD. the Ca
Page 122 and 123: Chapter XVI. THE BATTLE OF TOWTON,
Page 124 and 125: 110 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. their qui
Page 126 and 127: 112 THE BATTLE OF TOWTON. death-blo
Page 128 and 129: 114 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. The
Page 130 and 131: 116 THE BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR. att
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER XVIII. THE STORY OF A TAX O
Page 134 and 135: 120 THE STORY OF A TAX. surprising
Page 136 and 137: 122 THE STORY OF A TAX. those who s
Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER XIX. CATHOLIC PERSECUTION.
Page 140 and 141: 126 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. At a late
Page 142 and 143: 128 CATHOLIC PERSECUTION. on his wa
Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER XX. THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT
Page 146 and 147: 132 THE STORY OF PONTEFRACT CASTLE.
Page 154 and 155: 140 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. to a church
Page 156 and 157: 142 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. another tow
Page 158 and 159: 144 BEVERLEY SANCTUARY. masons,2; d
Page 162 and 163: 148 DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
Page 168 and 169: CHAPTER XXIII. EUGENE ARAM, THE YOR
Page 170 and 171: 156 EUGENE ARAM. who wanted them fo
Page 172 and 173: 158 EUGENE ARAM. sharply, which had
Page 174 and 175: 160 EUGENE ARAM. bones ? " In concl
Page 176 and 177: Chapter XXIV. HISTORY OF THE YORKSH
Page 178 and 179: 164 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. ope
Page 180 and 181: 166 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. the
Page 182 and 183: 168 YORKSHIRE RESURRECTION MEN. one
Page 184 and 185: 170 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. in spreading
Page 186 and 187: 172 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. the mastersa
Page 188 and 189: 174 THE LUDDITE RIOTS. two troops o
Page 190 and 191: Chapter XXVI. ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS.
Page 192 and 193: 178 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. property,a
Page 194 and 195: 180 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. greatquant
Page 196 and 197: 182 ECHOES OF OLD LEEDS. Lane. In17
Page 198 and 199: CHAPTER xxvii. THE BISHOP BLAIZE FE
Page 200 and 201: 186 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. has
Page 202 and 203: 188 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. Mr.
Page 204 and 205: 190 THE BISHOP BLAIZE FESTIVAL. but
Page 206 and 207: 192 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Th
Page 208 and 209: 194 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. Mr
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196 THE PRESS-GANG IN YORKSHIRE. in
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198 PAGE. Black-faced Clifford, see
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200 PAGE. Laid on a hurdle and drag
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202 INDEX. PAGE. Nevison, highwayma
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204 PAGE. Vaughan, Sir Thomas 133 V
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