The Electrical experimenter

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22 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER May, 1917 118 VOLTS CAN KILL. The Ontario Electrical Inspection Department of the Hydro Commission are out hot toot after delinquents who try to work in jobs without permits and convictions are being rendered every week, says a writer in the Electrical Safety Magacine. Never Touch Electric Light Fittings or Wiring While Standing In a Bath-Tub or On Damp Floor, as the Consequences May Prove Fatal. One person is to come up before the board for refusing inspector admission to premises and others for not returning to remedy defects on jobs before expiration of inspectors' notices. In the City of Toronto, in the month of October, a joung man. nineteen jears of age, was in the bath-tub and. so far as his parents knew, he was enjoying the harmless and healthful pastime immensely, judging by the sounds of splashing and rubbing emanating from the keyhole. The happj' sounds were suddenly interrupted by a deathly shriek, and his parents upon breaking into the room, found him doubled up with the coils of a long portable lamp cord wound round him and the portable lamp in the bath. The lamp was an ordinary brass desk lamp provided with the silk cord. The cord was worn, showing bare life, a doctor's bill, an undertaker's bill, and the parents' grief. Is it not worth while? Safety First! should be the slogan of every user of electric service, whether for half a dozen lamps or for a large factor}', .^gain—when you stand on a damp or wet floor or in a bath-tub, don't touch an electric switch or fi.xture their entire life a pair of these shoes, the manufacturer states, will provide the wearer protection against circuits at pressures up to 20,000 volts and will not cause the discomforts of many of the rubber soles. The shoes are molded by a process similar to that used in making automobile tires. The shoes contain no cement and have no seams, but are vulcanized into a solid piece under high pressure on aluminum molds. Xo hand work is employed in thi; process. This method of manufacture makes it impossible for the completed shoe to peel or come apart and prevents injury from oil, gasoline or grease. In order that the shoes may, in the interest of safety, be distinctive, they are all made exactly alike with brown heels, white soles, brown vamps and black tops. The white soles are made of a rubber composition like that employed in certain types of coal miners' shoes, which have been found to give eighteen months of constant wear. When this white sole wears thru, a layer of red rubber, which will itself withstand a pressure of 20,000 volts, is exposed The appearance of the red rubber is a signal or reminder to the wearer that, altho his shoes still will withstand 20,000 volts, a new half sole should be immediately cemented or vulcanized in place. The brown rubber also exte:.ds under the white sole. It is this piece of material which is capable of withstanding high potentials. One of these shoes, when tested point, were about seven feet above the locomotive, and current is sent thru theni at a pressure of 11,000 volts, 25 cycles. Directly over the engine, which was giving off a medium black smoke, the air seemed to flicker at the rate an electric light would if connected to a 25 cycle circuit. This was only noticeable when the quality of the smoke's carbon element was just right That this flickering was not due to heat waves I proved by the fact that objects when looked at thru heat waves seem to bend or wave from side to side and move upward, while objects seen thru this vibrating air did neither, and when the quantity of carbon decreased as the wind blew, the flickering effect disappeared. The cause of this phenomena I attribute to the attraction and repulsion of the carbon particles in the smoke and as the current reversed they were drawn upward and downward for a very short distance, while being dissipated into the atmosphere. The effect was not noticed a lew inches above the wire. The weather on January tenth was slightly hazy, with no sun at 3.30 p.m., when this effect was noticed. In bright sunlight it could not have been seen. If my explanation is in error I shall be pleased to hear the views of some of your technically inclined readers. MAKE YOUR PHOTO PRINTS BY ELECTRICITY. The electric photograph printer illustrated has been brought out for both professional and amateur use. A feature insutatec/ so/e ofret) ruDier '65fed mooo ?y cys^/o/! , \ the necessity of maintaining pressure on the lever during the exposing period. With a slight grip on the release catch, ffee/of fm/gfi] the lever can be freed. .A. locking de- invrres'sf/ng ri/Aier @ vice is also provided, permitting the copper spots. What he was doing with Re ...arkable New Shoe for Lineman Which Is white light to be turned on and the pres- a lamp in the bath no one knows. ^^ pable of Withstanding 20,000 Volts. Note That sure pad elevated to permit accurate ad- No Nails Are Used. The bathroom was provided justment of masks or vignettes. In the with a brass bracket well up above the bath with in the laboratories of the Edison Electric light box of the smaller printer are one a portable socket. Illuminating Company of Boston, under the ruby and four clear incandescent lamps, Test revealed that 118 volts, 25 cycle cur- direction of the accident prevention com- and in the larger one there are one ruby rent was used, one side grounded, the fi.xmittee of the Xational Electric Light Asso- and si.x clear incandescent lamps. The ture itself clear of ground and well insuciation, showed the following characteris- printers are designed to take 100-watt gaslated from both the grounded and untics:filled lamps. grounded sides of the circuits. "Side of shoe, dry, punctured at 31,500 The investigations show that he was volts, and again at 34,000 volts ; sole of killed by coming in contact with brazed cord carrying 118 volts. 25 cycle current. shoe between electrodes in oil punctured at 55,000 volts; 20.000 volts applied from salt This proves two things: First, that 118 water to salt water for one minute and volts can kill, and secondly, that indif- 30,000 volts applied from salt water to salt ference to bare spots on cord is dangerous. One quarter of a dollar spent on renewing this cord would have saved a young water for forty-five ture the rubber." seconds did not punc- A LINEMAN'S SHOE THAT WITH- STANDS 20,000 VOLTS. P\. leading -Xnierican m.ikt-r of lineman's protective devices, which for several years has been marketing protective shields to cover wires and cross-arms where men are working, has now developed an insulating shoe for electrical workers. Thruout ELECTRICITY LIGHTS NEW PIPE. .\v\ electrically ignited pipe which lights the tobacco at the bottom of the bowl instead of at the top. thus avoiding the collection of moisture in the stem, is the newest in smokers' inventions. PECULIAR ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA. By Walter J. Howell. While standing about one hundred feet away from the tracks of the Xew York, Xew Haven and Hartford Railway Januan.- 10. 1917, a large steam engine pulling a hea\-y freight train to eight miles per past at the rate of five hour. The railroad is electrified by overhead wires, which, at this Electrically Illuminated Photograph Printer Equipt with Automatic Switch Actuated By Printing Frame. The printer is being made in two sizes 8 in., by 10 in., and 11 in., by 14 in.
May, If) 1 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER ^^ RADIO LEAGUE s^AMERICA a. (Jernsback, Manager HONORARTT MEMBERS CAPT. VHGBULLARD.U.SN. NIKOLA TESLA PROF REGINUD FESSENDEN. DR.LEEDE FOREST. ir. //. Kiru.jn. .Master uj Radio Relays The Washington's Birthday Relay Prize Winners WELL, boys, you did it ; the lirst ofticial Trans-continental M.S.G. (message) No. 1 from the Mayor of New York to the Mayor of Los Angeles, went thru with the customary speed and Mr. Edward B. Duvall, Who with Mr. A. P. Smith, Operating Station "3AK," Baltimore, Md., Won "First Prize" In the Washington's Birthday Relay. reliability of all the Relay messages we have worked on. The special stations sent the westbound message from New 'York on this night from 2 ZK at New Rochelle, using 8 YL 9 XM and 9 ZF to 6 E.\, which last station is in Los Angeles, Cal. Considering the time, one and one-half hours, and the great "QRM" (interference) and the repeating of message on account of misspelt words, it was truly wonderful. The westbound message used special stations only and was as follows: To the Mayors of Los Angeles, Cal., and Seattle, Wash.: On behalf of New York City, I send cordial greetings to Los Angeles and Seattle, and best wishes for the success of the Radio System. (Signed) John Purroy MitcheL Mayor of New York. Thousands of amateurs cop- Radio Sta BIrthda ied this message with varying degrees of exactness thruout the country, as four heaping bushels of letters have shown. This was the first relay attempted By W. H. KIRWAN, (9XE) Master Radio Relays. Radio Leaiiue of America by the writer, the necessary notices of which were puhlisht in this magazine. Some of you did not hear about the Relay because you are not regular subscribers. Let this be a lesson—Get your name down so that you will receive your magazine promptly and regularly. Now, here comes the sad part. You will see "by the papers," that on this night we had good radio weather as far as the Rockies, but the writer had studied the weather man and looked for trouble southwest and west, and we had it! .\ healthy young cyclone was dancing merrily over Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and California, and the tail end of a regular old-time "QR^I" storm was making life miserable for the boys in the war west, but with it all, 6 EA got the message direct from 9 ZF. 6 DM, who volunteered to help 6 EA, put on full power and promptly blew the fields of his gap motor, leaving 6 EA to do the honors and, by golly, he did. Seefred Bros., delivered this message to the Mayor of Los Angeles, and promptly received his reply, but QRM and QRN were so bad by this time that it was a physical impossibility to get it thru to 9 ZF. 6 E.\ stuck to his post, however, and got the message thru the next night, too late for 9 ZF to tind anyone out of bed. 9 XE arranged for all eastbound amateurs to be on the job, and the message came thru fine, being delivered to the Mayor of New York by Mr. Geo. C. Cannon, 2 ZK, the next morning early. Lots of you kept me company by staying up all night waiting for the return message and now you know why it could not get back on schedule. The return message was as follows: To the Mayor of New York City: On behalf of the City of Los Angeles, 23 sage. (Signed) Fred L Woodman, Mayor of Los Angeles. By counting up the total time consumed on each message, we call the race between Specials and Amateurs a tie, with the Mr. A. P. Smith, Joint Operator of Radio Station "3AK," and to Whom Full Share of the Credit for the Receipt of the Relay M.S.G. Is Due. handicap of the low wave length of the amateurs, giving them a slight preference for a decision in their favor, but my former contention still holds—that the amateurs are not yet prepared to handle these transcontinental messages with as great a degree of certainty as the Specials, unless they can get together and have emergency stations in the long jumps. I am not posing as an expert, but candidly believe that fifty miles, worked absolutely sure, with a great number of relay stations, is more reliable than a few with long jumps, workin.g only when the conditions permit. This is what we propose to do now bv organizing the •Q.R.M. League" In it, there will be a chance for all of you to help and not just a few thruout the country who want to w
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MURDOCK No. 55 SENSIBLY PRICED SENS
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