Meat Eaters Guide: Methodology - Environmental Working Group

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Meat Eaters Guide: Methodology Peanut Butter Rice Potatoes Tomatoes Broccoli 58 Peanuts: D. Pimentel & M.H. Pimentel, “Food, Energy, and Society”,Third Edition, CRC Press, 2008; Peanut-butter-making process: US Census Bureau (http://www.census. gov/prod/ec02/ec0231i311911t.pdf); USDA Nutrient Database (http://www.nal.usda. gov/fnic/foodcomp/cgi-bin/measure.pl ); CDKitchen (http://www.cdkitchen.com/recipes/ print/48545,77761,s=3%20cups.html) Raw rice: Univ of Calif., Davis, Agricultural Cost and Return Studies (http://coststudies. ucdavis.edu/current.php); Processing: Singh, R.P. 1986. Energy in Food Processing. Elsevier Science Pub. Co. Inc., New York, NY. 375p. Fig 3.19, pg 40; Additional processing details: JF Rickman et al, “Rice Milling”, IRRI (http://www.knowledgebank.irri. org/postproductioncourse/powerpoints/Ricemilling.ppt) University of Idaho, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Enterprise Budgets ( http:// www.cals.uidaho.edu/aers/crop_EB_09.htm) Univ of Calif., Davis, Agricultural Cost and Return Studies (http://coststudies.ucdavis. edu/current.php); Penn State Univ, Agricultural Alternatives Cooperative Extension Publications (http://agalternatives.aers.psu.edu/) Univ of Calif., Davis, Agricultural Cost and Return Studies (http://coststudies.ucdavis. edu/current.php) Industrial Fish LCA Food Database (http://www.lcafood.dk) Soybeans Soybean Meal Alfalfa USDA average inputs from S. Kim and B. Dale, “Cumulative Energy and GlobalWarming Impact from the Production of Biomass for Biobased Products”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 7, Number 3–4, 2004. Soybeans: USDA average inputs from S. Kim and B. Dale, “Cumulative Energy and GlobalWarming Impact from the Production of Biomass for Biobased Products”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 7, Number 3–4, 2004; Processing: R. Dalgaard, et al, “LCA of Soybean Meal”, Intl Journal of LCA 13 (3) 2008. Univ of Calif., Davis, Agricultural Cost and Return Studies (http://coststudies.ucdavis. edu/current.php) Environmental Working Group Meat Eaters Guide: Methodology 2011
Orchardgrass Corn Corn Silage Annex B Assumptions for Cooking times and Methods Product Cook-ing Appliance Univ of Calif., Davis, Agricultural Cost and Return Studies (http://coststudies.ucdavis. edu/current.php) NASS data from N. Pelletier, et al, “Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States”, Agricultural Systems 103, 2010. NASS data from N. Pelletier, et al, “Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States”, Agricultural Systems 103, 2010. Tem-perature Preheating time Cooking Time/ lb product Cooking Time/kg product Lamb oven 325°F 10 min 30 min/ lb 30 min/ .45kg Beef stove top medium-high heat 10 min/ .3125 10 min/ 0.1417 kg Pork Oven 350°F 10 min 30 min/1 lb 30 min/ .45kg Chicken oven 350°F 10 min 1.5hrs/4lbs 1.5 hrs/1.814 Turkey oven 325°F 10 min 3.25hours/ 8 lbs Salmon oven 350°F 10 min 30 min/5 lbs 3.25 hrs/3.6287 30 min/2.26 kg Source http://www.hoptechno. com/booklamb.htm http://www.thejoykitchen.com/recipe http://www.fsis.usda. gov/Fact_Sheets/Pork_ From_Farm_to_Table/ index.asp http://www.fsis.usda. gov/factsheets/Chicken_Food_Safety_Focus/index.asp http://www.fsis.usda. gov/Fact_Sheets/Lets_ Talk_Turkey/index.asp http://www.recipetips.com/kitchentips/t--1231/fish-cooking-guide.asp Tofu stove top medium to high heat 8 min 8 min/ .45kg http://www.eatingwell. com/recipes/spice_ crusted_tofu.html Environmental Working Group Meat Eaters Guide: Methodology 2011 59
Page 1 and 2:
LIFECYCLE ASSESMENTS: METHODOLOGY &
Page 3 and 4:
Tables Table 1 . Sources of Primary
Page 5 and 6:
By: Kari Hamerschlag, EWG Senior An
Page 7 and 8: UK government by the UK’s nationa
Page 9 and 10: Maturing animal (during grazing and
Page 11 and 12: a)US Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) Dat
Page 13 and 14: d. Feed Production The four main fe
Page 15 and 16: equired to maintain the product at
Page 17 and 18: used packaging materials to waste d
Page 19 and 20: Table 2. Validation of EWG LCA GHG
Page 21 and 22: d. Sensitivity Analysis: Each crop
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Full Lifecycle Assessment
Page 25 and 26: Confined finishing (feedlot) stage:
Page 27 and 28: Post- farmgate emissions constitute
Page 29 and 30: a kg of lamb. Processing (including
Page 31 and 32: and natural gas. Water is excluded
Page 33 and 34: In contrast to beef, according to t
Page 35 and 36: Table 19. Greenhouse Gas Emission f
Page 37 and 38: Similar to poultry operations, GHG
Page 39 and 40: Table 25. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 41 and 42: Table 27. Iowa Corn Production Syst
Page 43 and 44: Soybean meal Production Input Detai
Page 45 and 46: Crop Animal Feed: Corn Animal Feed:
Page 47 and 48: 3. Sources of Emissions of Plant Pr
Page 49 and 50: 17. Fertilizer production is modele
Page 51 and 52: proved grazing systems. Since the m
Page 53 and 54: production: 1944 compared with 2007
Page 55 and 56: ANNEX A: Activity Data Sources •
Page 57: Natural Cheese Yogurt Tofu (convent
Page 61 and 62: Assumptions and Data: 1. Virtually
Page 63: Lamb Ratios Fresh: (90% x 51.5%) +
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