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Note that when IDENS=l or 2 the azimuthal spacing and, therefore, the density depend on the tower height, THT. The AR and AAz spacings from the above equations are tested to insure that the mechanical limits on adjacent heliostats are not exceeded; i.e., that adjacent heliostats will not hit each other in any combination of orientations. If the mechanical limits are violated, the azimuthal spacing is adjusted to accommodate the full exclusion circle of the heliostat. Sections 1V.B-2 and 1V.B-3 discuss in depth the process and result of optimizing heliostat densities using one of the above sets of relationships as a starting point. By specifying the variable IHOPT=l (namelist OPT) and also specifying the variables DHOPT (namelist BASIC), heliostat density optimization for a constant annual energy can be requested. Essentially, the values of AR and AAz are varied within limits to determine if a better field density can be obtained, based on cost. Since this is an optimization for a constant annual energy, which varies from system to system and which is not directly related to the user-specified design point power, a system with an optimized heliostat density may have a higher levelized energy cost for a fixed design point power than a comparable system without optimized densities. This is discussed further in Section 1V.B-3. 11. C-I. Slip Planes-The individual placement of heliostats in a radial layout pattern given only the zone average AR and AAz leads to a complication as one moves radially inward from the center of the zone. Heliostats on successive rows become more compressed until they incur an unacceptable increase in shading and blocking (or reach mechanical limits for the zones close to the tower). The problem can be alleviated by removing a fixed fraction (1-l/FSLIP) of the heliostats in the unacceptably compressed row and by restarting the layout pattern based on the new number of heliostats in the row. Figure 11-10 illustrates this in- terruption in the layout pattern for the default slip (FSLIP=1.33); the circular row at which the adjustment is made is called the “slip plane” in analogy with discontinuities in crystal structures. The number of rows between slip planes increases as the radius increases and as the tower height increases. (See Reference 12 for additional discussion on slip planes.) DELSOL calculates a zone by zone correction to account for the heliostat number change at a slip plane. The user specifies the slip ratio, FSLIP in namelist FIELD, to be the number of heliostats present on the slip plane row be- fore any are removed divided by the number remaining after removal. The default value for FSLIP (4/3) is a satisfactory one for most intermediate to small sys- tems. By choosing a value of FSLIP=l, the user effectively eliminates the slip plane correction in the code. 42
X = HELIOSTAT 0 = MISSING HELIOSTAT @ = NEW POSITION OF HELIOSTATS ON SLIP PLANE Figure 11-10. Slip Planes in a Radial Stagger Layout (FSLIP=4/3) 43
Page 1 and 2: - SANDIA REPORT SAND86-8018 Unlimit
Page 3: SAND 86-8018 Unlimited Release Prin
Page 6 and 7: ' The computer code which this repo
Page 9 and 10: I. Introduction CONTENTS A. Differe
Page 11 and 12: 1. More Accurate Images from Canted
Page 13: VII. Comparison of DELSOL, MIRVAL,
Page 16 and 17: 111-1 Insolation Models 111-2 Atmos
Page 19 and 20: A USER’S MANUAL FOR DELSOLS: A CO
Page 21 and 22: owing, blocking, atmospheric attenu
Page 23: The fourth major enhancement in DEL
Page 26 and 27: W- 26 S ? Jr RECEIVER NORMAL COORDI
Page 28 and 29: ZONE FlEL 180" Figure 11-3. Surroun
Page 30 and 31: 30 ZONE 60 Figure 11-4. Method of Z
Page 32 and 33: Figure 11-5. North-only Field (INOR
Page 34 and 35: 34 N' Figure 11-6. Code Defined Fie
Page 36 and 37: 36 Figure 11-7. Schematic Diagram o
Page 38 and 39: -SLEW (1)- Figure 11-8. Example of
Page 40 and 41: Figure 11-9. Radial Stagger Arrange
Page 44 and 45: J1.D. Heliostats Either rectangular
Page 46 and 47: Given that heliostats will be mass
Page 48 and 49: (A) FLAT REFLECTED RAY FROM (B) FOC
Page 50 and 51: IROUND = 0 WM = 9.91 (m) HM = 9.93
Page 52 and 53: That is, the aperture is always loc
Page 54 and 55: controlled by the IAUTOP parameter
Page 56 and 57: only be used with rectangular cavit
Page 58 and 59: grid of points on the DELSOL assume
Page 60 and 61: W E Figure 11-17. Flux Points on a
Page 62 and 63: flux point grid defined during syst
Page 64 and 65: To see whether this problem is occu
Page 66 and 67: Cal cul ati onal Day 1 2 3 4 5 Tabl
Page 68 and 69: 1II.B-I. Position 01 the Sun-The su
Page 70 and 71: where SO is given by Equation (1II.
Page 72 and 73: c 0 w V c LL .r a 0 0 0 0 0 s /s 0
Page 74 and 75: 1II.C. Field Performance Calculatio
Page 76 and 77: 1II.F. Flux Density and SDillane Th
Page 78 and 79: III. G-1. Atmospheric Attenuation:
Page 80 and 81: eceiver) or with aperture area (cav
Page 82 and 83: In other words, PLOST,R is the same
Page 84 and 85: Following the approach in the previ
Page 86 and 87: 86 - - - LLLLLL www CLee o m 4 I i
Page 88 and 89: This approximate method of calculat
Page 90 and 91: RECEIVER STARTUP WEATHER SUN PARASI
Page 92 and 93:
111.1. Relationship Between Perform
Page 95 and 96:
IV. System Optimization Calculation
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power and annual energy. Section 11
Page 99 and 100:
, . IV.A-7. Calculation of Annual E
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. production. When each design powe
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large enough fraction of total capi
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_____ Table IV-2. Design Parameters
Page 107 and 108:
DELSOL will examine NUMHTW (520) eq
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The final step of cavity receiver o
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. furthermore, that the assumed tur
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point in the NMXFLX(1) array (I=l,
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, flux level. DELSOL determines the
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optimum for any power level is 13.
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I V. System Costs and Economics Whi
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for meteorological equipment. The d
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0 co I I I 0 co J 0 c\! c, 0 3 Ln 0
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w/2 x RWCAV W/2 x RWCAV IN (180. -
Page 127 and 128:
S M ~ , = ~ solar F multiple for re
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nSTOR is determined from an assumed
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CTK,REF (CSTREF) = $9.70 x loG VTK,
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XHE,A = scaling exponent. ni is cal
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. CCFIXED = 2.OE6 +'0.14 x DCC + 0.
Page 137 and 138:
(V.B - 6) The discount rate rDIS is
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VI. Program Flow DELSOL can be used
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.I c to reach a certain design powe
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an optimum storage size based on en
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I Read i n N + K t x ] ITAPE=O or 1
Page 147 and 148:
Read in System Definition from File
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. TABLE VI-2 OUTPIJT FROM OPTIMIZAT
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) Power level specific for detailed
Page 153 and 154:
V1.B. DescriDtion of Subroutines in
Page 155 and 156:
C cy c: C C
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L C c C c C c: C c C C c C C C c: c
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C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Page 162 and 163:
At the time of the comparisons MIRV
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164 n m W * ? 0 F F 0 ( z W /M W) X
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166 Phase 1; CDRL Item 2, Pilot Pla
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168 43. Vittitoe, C. N. et al., “
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since the values have been already
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Title Card $BASIC$ $FIELD$ $HSTAT$
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IPROB NYEAR HRDEL UDAY UTIME NUAZ N
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TDESP PLAT ALT INSOL SOLCON IWEATH
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REFTIM REFSOL ASTART IATM ATMl ATM2
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IHPR NLAND XTOWER YTOWER (I= 1 ,NLA
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182 1 1-40 2 1-10 11-20 3 1-10 11-2
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SIGTX SIGTY ICANT NCANTX NCANTY HCA
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THT TOWL TOWD IREC W H RRECL IAUTOP
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For cavities or flat plates, the fo
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NXFLX FAZMIN FAZMAX 190 AZMF (North
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NMXFLXY) identifies the exact point
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REFPRL FSP FEP EFFSTR PF SMULT IP H
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IHOPT NUMTHT THTST THTEND NUMREC WS
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SMULT IPLFL(1) (I=l ,NUMOPT) IPROPT
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CH CL CWR CWDR CWDA ITHT CTOWl CTOW
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ICHE CHEREF PHEREF XHEP APHREF PPHR
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CKNREF PKNREF XKN 204 Sodium-to-sal
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TC TR FDEBT RDEBT ROE IDEP NDEP NYO
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The next set of cards is read at th
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value of insolation from the specif
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For optimizing cavity depth, the IO
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For the final detailed performance
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from that specified during the opti
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Sample Problem 4 - User Defined Fie
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GLOSSARY Absorber: The portion of t
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Heat Exchanger: A component in whic
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Receiver System Efficiency: The rat
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Variable AEVMAX AEVREF AFDC ALP(I)
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Variable H H20 HCANT HM HPANL HRDEL
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Variable PARL7,PARLI) PARL9,PARLlO
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Variable W WEATH WEND WM WPANL WST
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Analysis Review and Critique 6503 8
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Martin Marietta Aerospace P.O. Box
Page 239:
Stone and Webster Engineering Corpo
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