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20 (A) PERFORMANCEJpL OUTPUT INPUT DETAILED Heliostat Design Field Layout Tower & Receiver I ANNUAL OPTICAL PERFORMANCE Efficiency Receiver Flux I I I I I I I I I I I (B) SYSTEM DESIGN , INPUT Receiver Type Range-Receiver Sizes (2d) -Tower Heights -Power Levels Flux, Land Constraints + 0 PTI M IZER FINDS LOWEST ENERGY COST T I ITERATE TOWER & RECEIVER SIZES FAST CALCULATIOU - NEW PERFORMANCE OUTPUT "Best" Design vs. + Power Performance Capital and Energy costs Field Layout IN oT- o PTI CAL PER FO R M AN c E I I HELIOSTAT FIELD LAYOUT I I DESIGN CONSTRAINTS I I I COST & ECONOMICS 1 I SAVE SYSTEM IF LOWEST ENERGY COST 1 Figure 1-1. Two General Types of Applications of DELSOL
owing, blocking, atmospheric attenuation, spillage, and flux profiles. The code has several special features. First, the running time for a single performance calculation is much less than for other codes, such as MIRVAL (Reference l), but with the same accuracy for most problems. Second, because of the analytical form of the spillage and flux, one annual performance calculation determines the performance for any tower height or receiver size. Other codes must perform a new calculation each time the system is varied. DELSOL, therefore, has a very sig- nificant advantage in the execution time required for the large number of performance calculations necessary in design tradeoff and optimization studies. Third, DELSOL contains a detailed description of the types of errors that can degrade the performance of heliostats. Finally, DELSOL is relatively easy to use. With minimal input, DELSOL can analyze systems involving flat, focused, or canted heliostats with round or rectangular shapes; external, multiple aperture cavity, or multiple flat plate receivers; and variable aiming strategies. As a system design tool, DELSOL determines the best combination of field layout, heliostat density, tower height, receiver size and tower position (land constrained system) based on the performance, total plant capital cost, and system energy cost. In this mode, the code can be used to define values of the key design parameters on which a detailed design can be based. The need for manually doing a succession of point designs in order to identify an optimum is eliminated. The optimal design is evaluated by searching over a range of tower heights and over two components of the receiver geometry (e. g., diameter and height of an external receiver) at the design point power level(s) to find the system with the minimum energy cost. The code is also capable of doing constrained optimiza- tions in which the peak flux on the receiver is restricted below some maximum value and/or land availability is limited. The development of DELSOL followed that of Sandia’s other two central receiver performance codes, MIRVAL and HELIOS (References 1 and 2). The ear- lier codes have been used to validate the theory and programming in DELSOL. The agreement in performance predictions among the three codes is discussed in Chapter VII. While any one of the codes can, in principle, do the same kinds of problems, they were developed with different purposes in mind and thus do not greatly overlap in use. HELIOS is specially adapted for analyzing experiments at Sandia’s Central Receiver Test Facility. MIRVAL employs a Monte Carlo ray trace technique, giving it the potential to analyze very complex systems that are well defined. DELSOL has been developed with speed in mind; hence it typically requires much less computer time for performance calculations, and it can also readily handle the multiple performance calculations required for system design and optimization. DELSOL is based in part on the performance/design approaches developed at the University of Houston (References 3 and 4), but with many important additions. The mathematical basis is an analytical Hermite polynomial expan- sion/convolution of moments method for predicting the images from heliostats (Reference 3). The method has been extended at Sandia to allow a more general 21
Page 1 and 2: - SANDIA REPORT SAND86-8018 Unlimit
Page 3: SAND 86-8018 Unlimited Release Prin
Page 6 and 7: ' The computer code which this repo
Page 9 and 10: I. Introduction CONTENTS A. Differe
Page 11 and 12: 1. More Accurate Images from Canted
Page 13: VII. Comparison of DELSOL, MIRVAL,
Page 16 and 17: 111-1 Insolation Models 111-2 Atmos
Page 19: A USER’S MANUAL FOR DELSOLS: A CO
Page 23: The fourth major enhancement in DEL
Page 26 and 27: W- 26 S ? Jr RECEIVER NORMAL COORDI
Page 28 and 29: ZONE FlEL 180" Figure 11-3. Surroun
Page 30 and 31: 30 ZONE 60 Figure 11-4. Method of Z
Page 32 and 33: Figure 11-5. North-only Field (INOR
Page 34 and 35: 34 N' Figure 11-6. Code Defined Fie
Page 36 and 37: 36 Figure 11-7. Schematic Diagram o
Page 38 and 39: -SLEW (1)- Figure 11-8. Example of
Page 40 and 41: Figure 11-9. Radial Stagger Arrange
Page 42 and 43: Note that when IDENS=l or 2 the azi
Page 44 and 45: J1.D. Heliostats Either rectangular
Page 46 and 47: Given that heliostats will be mass
Page 48 and 49: (A) FLAT REFLECTED RAY FROM (B) FOC
Page 50 and 51: IROUND = 0 WM = 9.91 (m) HM = 9.93
Page 52 and 53: That is, the aperture is always loc
Page 54 and 55: controlled by the IAUTOP parameter
Page 56 and 57: only be used with rectangular cavit
Page 58 and 59: grid of points on the DELSOL assume
Page 60 and 61: W E Figure 11-17. Flux Points on a
Page 62 and 63: flux point grid defined during syst
Page 64 and 65: To see whether this problem is occu
Page 66 and 67: Cal cul ati onal Day 1 2 3 4 5 Tabl
Page 68 and 69: 1II.B-I. Position 01 the Sun-The su
Page 70 and 71:
where SO is given by Equation (1II.
Page 72 and 73:
c 0 w V c LL .r a 0 0 0 0 0 s /s 0
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1II.C. Field Performance Calculatio
Page 76 and 77:
1II.F. Flux Density and SDillane Th
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III. G-1. Atmospheric Attenuation:
Page 80 and 81:
eceiver) or with aperture area (cav
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In other words, PLOST,R is the same
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Following the approach in the previ
Page 86 and 87:
86 - - - LLLLLL www CLee o m 4 I i
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This approximate method of calculat
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RECEIVER STARTUP WEATHER SUN PARASI
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111.1. Relationship Between Perform
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IV. System Optimization Calculation
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power and annual energy. Section 11
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, . IV.A-7. Calculation of Annual E
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. production. When each design powe
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large enough fraction of total capi
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_____ Table IV-2. Design Parameters
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DELSOL will examine NUMHTW (520) eq
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The final step of cavity receiver o
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. furthermore, that the assumed tur
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point in the NMXFLX(1) array (I=l,
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, flux level. DELSOL determines the
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optimum for any power level is 13.
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I V. System Costs and Economics Whi
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for meteorological equipment. The d
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0 co I I I 0 co J 0 c\! c, 0 3 Ln 0
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w/2 x RWCAV W/2 x RWCAV IN (180. -
Page 127 and 128:
S M ~ , = ~ solar F multiple for re
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nSTOR is determined from an assumed
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CTK,REF (CSTREF) = $9.70 x loG VTK,
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XHE,A = scaling exponent. ni is cal
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. CCFIXED = 2.OE6 +'0.14 x DCC + 0.
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(V.B - 6) The discount rate rDIS is
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VI. Program Flow DELSOL can be used
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.I c to reach a certain design powe
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an optimum storage size based on en
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I Read i n N + K t x ] ITAPE=O or 1
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Read in System Definition from File
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. TABLE VI-2 OUTPIJT FROM OPTIMIZAT
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) Power level specific for detailed
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V1.B. DescriDtion of Subroutines in
Page 155 and 156:
C cy c: C C
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L C c C c C c: C c C C c C C C c: c
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C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Page 162 and 163:
At the time of the comparisons MIRV
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164 n m W * ? 0 F F 0 ( z W /M W) X
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166 Phase 1; CDRL Item 2, Pilot Pla
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168 43. Vittitoe, C. N. et al., “
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since the values have been already
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Title Card $BASIC$ $FIELD$ $HSTAT$
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IPROB NYEAR HRDEL UDAY UTIME NUAZ N
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TDESP PLAT ALT INSOL SOLCON IWEATH
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REFTIM REFSOL ASTART IATM ATMl ATM2
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IHPR NLAND XTOWER YTOWER (I= 1 ,NLA
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182 1 1-40 2 1-10 11-20 3 1-10 11-2
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SIGTX SIGTY ICANT NCANTX NCANTY HCA
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THT TOWL TOWD IREC W H RRECL IAUTOP
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For cavities or flat plates, the fo
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NXFLX FAZMIN FAZMAX 190 AZMF (North
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NMXFLXY) identifies the exact point
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REFPRL FSP FEP EFFSTR PF SMULT IP H
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IHOPT NUMTHT THTST THTEND NUMREC WS
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SMULT IPLFL(1) (I=l ,NUMOPT) IPROPT
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CH CL CWR CWDR CWDA ITHT CTOWl CTOW
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ICHE CHEREF PHEREF XHEP APHREF PPHR
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CKNREF PKNREF XKN 204 Sodium-to-sal
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TC TR FDEBT RDEBT ROE IDEP NDEP NYO
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The next set of cards is read at th
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value of insolation from the specif
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For optimizing cavity depth, the IO
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For the final detailed performance
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from that specified during the opti
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Sample Problem 4 - User Defined Fie
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GLOSSARY Absorber: The portion of t
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Heat Exchanger: A component in whic
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Receiver System Efficiency: The rat
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Variable AEVMAX AEVREF AFDC ALP(I)
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Variable H H20 HCANT HM HPANL HRDEL
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Variable PARL7,PARLI) PARL9,PARLlO
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Variable W WEATH WEND WM WPANL WST
Page 235 and 236:
Analysis Review and Critique 6503 8
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Martin Marietta Aerospace P.O. Box
Page 239:
Stone and Webster Engineering Corpo
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