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EXTERNAL RECEIVER FLAT PLATE RECEIVER CAVITY RECEIVER X = FLUX POINT I x INITIAL VARIED Figure IV-2. Location of Flux Points as Receiver Dimensions are Varied. Flux points remain at the same relative position as the receiver size is varied. 114 X X X * I I
, flux level. DELSOL determines the best combination of receiver size (with its associated cost, receiver losses, and spillage losses) and heliostat field size (with its associated cost and field losses). For a given set of component costs, as a receiver size decreases below its optimum, spillage increases and so field costs increase more than the decrease in receiver cost. If at that receiver size the allow- able flux limit is not reached, then it is not cost effective to force the system to have a peak flux at the FLXLIM(1) limit. The second reason why a peak flux limit may not be obtained during system optimization is that the receiver size is being varied in discrete steps, rather than continuously. In this case, the user can come closer to a given flux limit by using more closely spaced receiver sizes, or the flux limit can be set slightly higher than actually desired since the flux from the optimum will generally be below the limit. In any case, the user should request a more accurate detailed flux map during a final performance calculation to verify that flux limits are being met, if desired, but not exceeded. 1V.D-2. Iieliostat Field Land Constraint-DELSOL allows the heliostat field to be constrained within a number of arbitrarily oriented rectangles. The input defining the land constraint is described in Section I1.B-4. As mentioned in Sec- tion 1V.C-4, with a land constraint it. is necessary to search for the optimal location of the tower with respect to the constraint. Only the heliostat locations are constrained. The code does not require the tower to be in the land constraint. However, the user should make sure that land is available for the tower. There is an additional complication in land constrained designs when the thermal energy is not used at the base of the tower. In repowering or process heat applications the thermal energy may have to be transported to a point near the edge of the land constraint. DELSOL does not consider the cost or losses in the piping run from the tower position to the use point. The user may want to fold in these effects manually. For example, consider a rectangular land constraint whose sides are parallel to the N/S and E/W directions. DELSOL will generally prefer to locate the tower south of the center of the land constraint. Sup- pose, however, that the thermal energy is required at the northern boundary of the field. It may then be cost effective to move the tower further north from the DELSOL optimum if the savings in the pipe run may more than offset the in- creased cost of thermal energy at the tower base. 1V.E. “Smart” Optimization Searching Algorithm DELSOL has to consider NUMTHT x NUMREC x NUMHTW x NUMPOS combinations of tower height, receiver sizes, and tower positions in searching for the minimum energy cost system. Figure IV-1 shows a schematic of the optimization search. There are four nested iterations of the discrete system variables: tower height, first receiver variable, second receiver variable, and tower position. Since the zone by zone performances do not depend on the tower location, these performances are calculated outside of the tower position loop. For each set of
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- SANDIA REPORT SAND86-8018 Unlimit
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SAND 86-8018 Unlimited Release Prin
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' The computer code which this repo
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I. Introduction CONTENTS A. Differe
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1. More Accurate Images from Canted
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VII. Comparison of DELSOL, MIRVAL,
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111-1 Insolation Models 111-2 Atmos
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A USER’S MANUAL FOR DELSOLS: A CO
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owing, blocking, atmospheric attenu
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The fourth major enhancement in DEL
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W- 26 S ? Jr RECEIVER NORMAL COORDI
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ZONE FlEL 180" Figure 11-3. Surroun
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30 ZONE 60 Figure 11-4. Method of Z
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Figure 11-5. North-only Field (INOR
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34 N' Figure 11-6. Code Defined Fie
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36 Figure 11-7. Schematic Diagram o
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-SLEW (1)- Figure 11-8. Example of
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Figure 11-9. Radial Stagger Arrange
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Note that when IDENS=l or 2 the azi
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J1.D. Heliostats Either rectangular
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Given that heliostats will be mass
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(A) FLAT REFLECTED RAY FROM (B) FOC
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IROUND = 0 WM = 9.91 (m) HM = 9.93
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That is, the aperture is always loc
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controlled by the IAUTOP parameter
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only be used with rectangular cavit
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grid of points on the DELSOL assume
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W E Figure 11-17. Flux Points on a
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flux point grid defined during syst
Page 64 and 65: To see whether this problem is occu
Page 66 and 67: Cal cul ati onal Day 1 2 3 4 5 Tabl
Page 68 and 69: 1II.B-I. Position 01 the Sun-The su
Page 70 and 71: where SO is given by Equation (1II.
Page 72 and 73: c 0 w V c LL .r a 0 0 0 0 0 s /s 0
Page 74 and 75: 1II.C. Field Performance Calculatio
Page 76 and 77: 1II.F. Flux Density and SDillane Th
Page 78 and 79: III. G-1. Atmospheric Attenuation:
Page 80 and 81: eceiver) or with aperture area (cav
Page 82 and 83: In other words, PLOST,R is the same
Page 84 and 85: Following the approach in the previ
Page 86 and 87: 86 - - - LLLLLL www CLee o m 4 I i
Page 88 and 89: This approximate method of calculat
Page 90 and 91: RECEIVER STARTUP WEATHER SUN PARASI
Page 92 and 93: 111.1. Relationship Between Perform
Page 95 and 96: IV. System Optimization Calculation
Page 97 and 98: power and annual energy. Section 11
Page 99 and 100: , . IV.A-7. Calculation of Annual E
Page 101 and 102: . production. When each design powe
Page 103 and 104: large enough fraction of total capi
Page 105 and 106: _____ Table IV-2. Design Parameters
Page 107 and 108: DELSOL will examine NUMHTW (520) eq
Page 109 and 110: The final step of cavity receiver o
Page 111 and 112: . furthermore, that the assumed tur
Page 113: point in the NMXFLX(1) array (I=l,
Page 117 and 118: optimum for any power level is 13.
Page 119 and 120: I V. System Costs and Economics Whi
Page 121 and 122: for meteorological equipment. The d
Page 123 and 124: 0 co I I I 0 co J 0 c\! c, 0 3 Ln 0
Page 125 and 126: w/2 x RWCAV W/2 x RWCAV IN (180. -
Page 127 and 128: S M ~ , = ~ solar F multiple for re
Page 129 and 130: nSTOR is determined from an assumed
Page 131 and 132: CTK,REF (CSTREF) = $9.70 x loG VTK,
Page 133 and 134: XHE,A = scaling exponent. ni is cal
Page 135 and 136: . CCFIXED = 2.OE6 +'0.14 x DCC + 0.
Page 137 and 138: (V.B - 6) The discount rate rDIS is
Page 139 and 140: VI. Program Flow DELSOL can be used
Page 141 and 142: .I c to reach a certain design powe
Page 143 and 144: an optimum storage size based on en
Page 145 and 146: I Read i n N + K t x ] ITAPE=O or 1
Page 147 and 148: Read in System Definition from File
Page 149 and 150: . TABLE VI-2 OUTPIJT FROM OPTIMIZAT
Page 151 and 152: ) Power level specific for detailed
Page 153 and 154: V1.B. DescriDtion of Subroutines in
Page 155 and 156: C cy c: C C
Page 157 and 158: L C c C c C c: C c C C c C C C c: c
Page 159: C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Page 162 and 163: At the time of the comparisons MIRV
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164 n m W * ? 0 F F 0 ( z W /M W) X
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166 Phase 1; CDRL Item 2, Pilot Pla
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168 43. Vittitoe, C. N. et al., “
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since the values have been already
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Title Card $BASIC$ $FIELD$ $HSTAT$
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IPROB NYEAR HRDEL UDAY UTIME NUAZ N
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TDESP PLAT ALT INSOL SOLCON IWEATH
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REFTIM REFSOL ASTART IATM ATMl ATM2
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IHPR NLAND XTOWER YTOWER (I= 1 ,NLA
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182 1 1-40 2 1-10 11-20 3 1-10 11-2
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SIGTX SIGTY ICANT NCANTX NCANTY HCA
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THT TOWL TOWD IREC W H RRECL IAUTOP
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For cavities or flat plates, the fo
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NXFLX FAZMIN FAZMAX 190 AZMF (North
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NMXFLXY) identifies the exact point
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REFPRL FSP FEP EFFSTR PF SMULT IP H
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IHOPT NUMTHT THTST THTEND NUMREC WS
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SMULT IPLFL(1) (I=l ,NUMOPT) IPROPT
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CH CL CWR CWDR CWDA ITHT CTOWl CTOW
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ICHE CHEREF PHEREF XHEP APHREF PPHR
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CKNREF PKNREF XKN 204 Sodium-to-sal
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TC TR FDEBT RDEBT ROE IDEP NDEP NYO
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The next set of cards is read at th
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value of insolation from the specif
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For optimizing cavity depth, the IO
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For the final detailed performance
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from that specified during the opti
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Sample Problem 4 - User Defined Fie
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GLOSSARY Absorber: The portion of t
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Heat Exchanger: A component in whic
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Receiver System Efficiency: The rat
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Variable AEVMAX AEVREF AFDC ALP(I)
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Variable H H20 HCANT HM HPANL HRDEL
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Variable PARL7,PARLI) PARL9,PARLlO
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Variable W WEATH WEND WM WPANL WST
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Analysis Review and Critique 6503 8
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Martin Marietta Aerospace P.O. Box
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Stone and Webster Engineering Corpo
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