sources - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham

More documents

Recommendations

Info

tenors and basses in ‘Daleko, široko’. In the Act 3 village girls’ song (‘Ej, mamko, mamko’), he not only lightened the scoring — making it considerably less earthy and bass-heavy — but also removed Barena’s charming yet fussy descant. 24 Particularly notable are the revisions Janáček made to passages featuring the duvaj or ‘double-stroke’ style of folk accompaniment. This homophonic, chordal string figuration featuring offbeat stress patterns ( ) was described at some length by Janáček himself in his detailed introduction (XV/163) to Národní písně moravské v nově nasbírané [Moravian folksongs newly collected] (XIII/3; 1901). 25 There he identified it as a typical rhythmic figure of the Starosvětská [old-world] dance 26 from Slovácko, and emphasised its disruptive and vivifying qualities. Several of the accompanied dance-songs and melodies included in the latter part of this monumental volume (in the section devoted to dance tunes) contain examples of the duvaj accompaniment in context, including the one reproduced on the following page (Fig. 3.2), showing the beginning of a transcription from Velká nad Veličkou in the Horňácko district of Slovácko. In the accompanimental chords, each pair of quavers is slurred in a continuous bow-stroke, with an increase in pressure on the second quaver (indicated in Janáček’s notation by an accent). In Moravian (and specifically Slovácko) folk ensemble music this is an idiomatic string accompaniment, typically using simple diatonic chords and usually taken by the second fiddle (kontráš) and string bass (bassa) which together support the voice (zpěv) and first fiddle (hudec). 24 Barena’s descant was perhaps influenced by the leader-chorus style of Slovakian female-voice folksong that also led to Janáček’s Lidová nokturna [Folk nocturnes] (IV/32, 1906). Janáček first collected the material that gave rise to these nocturnes in September 1901; see JYL i, 343, 345 and 649–50. 25 BJ III, i–cxxxvi. 26 ‘Typická sčasovka Starosvětské’, ibid., cxv. 111
Fig. 3.2 BJ III, 900. The use by ethnomusicologists of the term duvaj for this type of figuration is more recent: 27 the term itself appears originally to come from Slovakia, and is perhaps onomatopoeic, with the vowel shift from u to a mimicking the opening out of sound on the second, stressed quaver. 28 Duvaj-style folk accompaniments can be found not only in Slovácko and Slovakia but also further south and east in Hungary and Romania, 29 and influences in art music can be detected, for example, in the accented offbeat chords of the opening of Bartók’s Rhapsody no. 1 for violin and piano or orchestra (BB94a/b, 1928–9). 27 See Marta Toncrová (with Oskár Elschek), ‘Czech Republic, §II, 2: Traditional music: Moravia and Silesia: (iii) Instrumental music’, NG2, vi, 821; also Holý 1963. 28 Holý 1963, 65. 29 Ibid. 112
Page 1 and 2:
THE 1904 VERSION OF LEOŠ JANÁČEK
Page 3 and 4:
FOR MY FRIENDS, WITHOUT WHOSE NEVER
Page 5 and 6:
APPENDICES 145 APPENDIX I Programme
Page 7 and 8:
Jenůfa. Thanks in part to a certai
Page 9 and 10:
our knowledge of the work’s overa
Page 11 and 12:
Acknowledgements That the project o
Page 13 and 14:
using it. However long this project
Page 15 and 16:
people who have helped me through v
Page 17 and 18:
NOTES Copyright The reconstruction
Page 19 and 20:
UE 1996 Cz./Ger./Eng. full score, e
Page 21 and 22:
1903 version (Urfassung/original ve
Page 23 and 24:
Of Janáček’s nine completed ope
Page 25 and 26:
manuscript sources. There are never
Page 27 and 28:
surviving sketch-leaf (SK) is anyth
Page 29 and 30:
and effort, both physical and emoti
Page 31 and 32:
performed in January 1904. In addit
Page 33 and 34:
most of the critics there were form
Page 35 and 36:
1.5 Later revisions and publication
Page 37 and 38:
Jenůfa for Prague towards the end
Page 39 and 40:
That situation changed, however, wh
Page 41 and 42:
CHAPTER 2: SOURCES AND RECONSTRUCTI
Page 43 and 44:
folio suggests that this brief sket
Page 45 and 46:
ŠFS into line with the Kovařovic
Page 47 and 48:
Fig. 2.2 ŠFS I 203v, detail, rotat
Page 49 and 50:
or other details (erased or otherwi
Page 51 and 52:
Fig. 2.5 ŠVS II 53r (II/vi/126-43)
Page 53 and 54:
list is amended by Janáček, with
Page 55 and 56:
Fig. 2.6 OP violin 1: detail from A
Page 57 and 58:
1904 bn 2 [OP] OPx title page and
Page 59 and 60:
On the facing page (the recto of th
Page 61 and 62:
Fig. 2.9 LB, 55: end of Act 3, show
Page 63 and 64:
issues of practical, pre-revision u
Page 65 and 66:
Jenůfa in 1913, providing a ‘sna
Page 67 and 68:
2.2 Determining the 1904 version fr
Page 69 and 70:
Štědroň 1968b Tyrrell 1996 / Tyr
Page 71 and 72:
two ensembles in Act 1, ‘A vy, mu
Page 73 and 74:
een cut before the première. 46 Th
Page 75 and 76:
and 2 in unison (in the context of
Page 77 and 78:
nature of the changes, which can th
Page 79 and 80:
anomalous status there. 50 A furthe
Page 81 and 82: Ex. 2.4b However much more practica
Page 83 and 84: score. Playing standards have impro
Page 85 and 86: Such instances have been tacitly co
Page 87 and 88: Ex. 2.7 Articulation and phrasing E
Page 89 and 90: Instrumentation In line with Univer
Page 91 and 92: trombone 3 part, and in both ŠFS a
Page 93 and 94: Act 1. On the basis of all availabl
Page 95 and 96: development of twentieth-century op
Page 97 and 98: 3.1 The Urfassung and the pre-premi
Page 99 and 100: seems also to reflect an original c
Page 101 and 102: could speculate that the change of
Page 103 and 104: accompaniment evaporates completely
Page 105 and 106: This radical pre-première revision
Page 107 and 108: corresponds to the present figs 122
Page 109 and 110: more specific cuts, the first of tw
Page 111 and 112: with the same words, but also agree
Page 113 and 114: and 16b in APPENDIX IV) to Laca’s
Page 115 and 116: y Laca’s ‘Chci, Jenůfka’ —
Page 117 and 118: Other extensive cuts made at this s
Page 119 and 120: Ex. 3.12 3.3.2 Textural alterations
Page 121 and 122: Ex. 3.13b This revision is similar
Page 123 and 124: Ex. 3.16 Sinfonietta VI/18 (1926),
Page 125 and 126: Ex. 3.19 Other instances of motivic
Page 127 and 128: In 1908 Janáček delays the appear
Page 129 and 130: Whilst a general trend at this stag
Page 131: Ex. 3.25b 3.3.3 Folk passages and t
Page 135 and 136: sketch for the oboe melody of the p
Page 137 and 138: Ex. 3.27c In his 1907 changes to th
Page 139 and 140: Janáček added ‘Maestoso con mot
Page 141 and 142: Jenůfa’s cheek is slashed, but a
Page 143 and 144: Ex. 3.33a Ex. 3.33b 122
Page 145 and 146: so that the stress fell on the firs
Page 147 and 148: the controversy surrounding Josef C
Page 149 and 150: Although numerous instances of smal
Page 151 and 152: Ex. 3.42a Ex. 3.42b This example al
Page 153 and 154: ‘vertical’ dimensions: the harm
Page 155 and 156: most pages of the score; unlike Jan
Page 157 and 158: establishment of the 1904 score, pu
Page 159 and 160: London audiences at the time, 54 Bu
Page 161 and 162: Jenůfa can also be viewed as part
Page 163 and 164: (particularly in textural terms) cl
Page 165 and 166: genre might offer in his own quest
Page 167 and 168: APPENDIX I Programme note from the
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX II Letter from Cyril Metod
Page 171 and 172: On Saturday following your departur
Page 173 and 174: APPENDIX IV 1906 cuts in ŠVS, ŠFS
Page 175 and 176: Act/sc/bar No. of bars II/viii/187-
Page 177 and 178: Reh. fig. ŠFS KPU UE 1917 10 21
Page 179 and 180: Reh. fig. ŠFS KPU UE 1917 80 57 51
Page 181 and 182: Reh. fig. ŠFS KPU UE 1917 14 17 14
Page 183 and 184:
Reh. fig. ŠFS KPU UE 1917 86 8 →
Page 185 and 186:
Reh. fig. ŠFS KPU UE 1917 24 20 20
Page 187 and 188:
APPENDIX VI Janáček, Jenůfa and
Page 189 and 190:
seem to be post-copying additions (
Page 191 and 192:
Janáček attempted to pursue the m
Page 193 and 194:
Fig. A6.1 Diagrammatic representati
Page 195 and 196:
to use the four-row instrument well
Page 197 and 198:
conducted a programme of choral and
Page 199 and 200:
its icy tone will be damped’ sugg
Page 201 and 202:
APPENDIX VII Bar counts for the dif
Page 203 and 204:
APPENDIX VIIIa ŠVS I 72v-73r: tran
Page 205 and 206:
APPENDIX VIIIb ŠVS I 72v-73r: tran
Page 207 and 208:
APPENDIX IX ŠFS I 197v-200v: trans
Page 209 and 210:
188
Page 211 and 212:
190
Page 213 and 214:
192
Page 215 and 216:
JODA John Tyrrell: Janáček’s op
Page 217 and 218:
Dürr 1968 Joannes Martin Dürr:
Page 219 and 220:
Smaczny 1985 Jan Smaczny: ‘Janá
Page 221:
Vogel 1981 ——: Leoš Janáček:
show all

sources - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?