JST Vol. 21 (1) Jan. 2013 - Pertanika Journal - Universiti Putra ...

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Suriani, M. J., Aidy Ali, S. M. Sapuan and A. Khalina where N 0 is the reference fatigue life. The parameters α, β and γ are material dependent constants. These parameters can be obtained with fatigue experimental data. Once the damage indices are obtained during the fatigue tests, regression analysis can be carried out to obtain the parameters q, m 1 and m 2. Then, the parameters α, β and γ can be calculated using Eqs. (5) – (7). Crack Nucleation Approaches Fatemi et al. (2002) stated that there are two approaches used in the models for predicting fatigue life in rubber. The first one focuses on predicting crack nucleation life, given the history of quantities that are defined at a material point, in the sense of continuum mechanics. Stress and strain are examples of such quantities. The other approach, based on the ideas from fracture mechanics, focuses on predicting the growth of a particular crack, given the initial geometry and energy release rate history of the crack. Crack Growth Approaches Fatigue crack growth approach has been used to analyze fatigue in composites (see Salvia et al., 1997; Fatemi et al., 2002; Dawis & Bradstreet, 1970; Savastano Jr., 2009; Woo et al., 2008). It was started to be used and applied widely since 1960s and the cracks were claimed to be related to damage. In the experimental study of resistance-curve behaviour and fatigue crack, the crack growth was observed to have occurred in three stages, namely, an initial decelerated growth, a steady-state growth and the final catastropic crack growth (Savastano Jr., 2009). Nowadays, this concept was applied with sophisticated tool and a technique available that can measure a very small crack up to 1μm (Fatemi & Yang, 1998). Southen and Thomas (1978) applied fracture mechanic approach based on fatigue crack growth to develop a model for abrasive wear of rubber. Stevenson, (1987) also stated that compressive loading must be considered carefully in any analysis of fatigue growth. Savastano Jr. (2009) presented the results of an experimental study on resistance-curve behaviour and fatigue crack growth in cementitious matrices reinforced with eco-friendly natural fibre obtained from agricultural by-products. He used blast furnace slag cement (BFS) reinforced with pulped fibres of sisal, banana and bleached eucalyptus pulp and ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which was reinforced with bleached eucalyptus pulp. Meanwhile, single-edge notched specimen was used to analyze fatigue crack growth and fracture resistance (R-curve). Then, the analysis of crack/microstructure interaction was done by using the NDT method via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). As pointed in this study, fatigue crack growth occurs in three stages, which are initial decelerated growth, a steady-state growth, and a final catastrophic crack growth. The crack growth diagram was plotted and the results of Sisal BFS, Banana BFS, Eucalyptus BFS and Eucalyptus OPC are shown in Fig.4a to Fig.4d, respectively. The fatigue life of banana and sisal fibre reinforced composite mostly occurred in the second stage of steady state crack growth (Fig.4a and Fig.4b). The fatigue crack growth rates of Eucalyptus reinforced composites are faster as compared to the sisal and banana reinforced composites (Fig.4c and Fig.4d). The results of the crack/microstructure interactions revealed 6 Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 21 (1): 283 - 298 (2013)
Aspect of Fatigue Analysis of Composite Materials: A Review Fig.4: Fatigue crack growth rate of diagram (a) Sisal BFS, (b) Banana BFS, (c) Eucalyptus BFS, and (d) Eucalyptus OPC (Savastano Jr et al., 2009) Fig.5: Fatigue life of rubber materials at maximum displacement (Woo et al., 2008). that fatigue crack growth in composites occurred by matrix cracking, crack deflection around fibres and crack-bridging by uncracked fibres and ligaments (Savastano Jr., 2009). Woo et al. (2008) studied on the material properties and fatigue life of natural rubber component. The fatigue lifetime prediction methodology by using the incorporating of finite element (using Green-Lagrange strain) analysis and fatigue damage parameters has been proposed. Meanwhile, fatigue damage parameters were obtained from the fatigue test and Green-Lagrange (G-L) strain determined at the critical location. A single function of G-L strain was then used to represent the equation for predicting fatigue life. Fatigue test was performed using a 3D dumbbell specimen and roll front component in ambient temperature under the stroke controlled condition with a sine waveform of 5 Hz and the mean displacement is 0-10mm at a displacement range is -11 to 21mm. Fig.5 shows the relationship between the maximum Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 21 (1): 283 - 298 (2013) 7
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ISSN: 0128-7680 © 2013 Universiti
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INTRODUCTION Tajau, R. et al. A hig
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Aji, I. S., Zinudin, E. S., Khairul
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D. Bachtiar, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Za
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Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie Salim, Ahm
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Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
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TABLE 5: Winners MRS The Role of Si
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REFEREES FOR THE PERTANIKA JOURNAL
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Guidelines for Authors Publication
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table should be prepared on a separ
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Usability of Educational Computer G
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