JST Vol. 21 (1) Jan. 2013 - Pertanika Journal - Universiti Putra ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CONCLUSION S. Ismail and K. A. Mohd Atan From the discussion above, the non-trivial integral solutions for the diophantine equation 4 4 3 x + y = z was shown to exist when gcd( xyz> , , ) 1. Suppose u and v are the integers 4 4 k and n= u + v and k are the integer in such that k º 2(mod 3) . Then, a = un , 4k+ 1 k b = vn and c= n 3 are the solutions to this equation. Also, suppose u and v are 4 4 k the integers and n= u + v . If n is a cube, the many solutions of the forms a = un , = k and c n 4k+ 1 3 3 3 4 b vn = would infinitely exist. As for the case when x= y , the triplet ( xyz , , ) = (4 n,4 n,8 n) where n is any integer is a solution to this equation. For the case 3k1 when x¹ y , we have x un - 3k1 = , y vn - 4k1 = and z n - 4 4 = , where n= u + v and 3k1 d n - = . This work points towards a future direction in the determination of solutions to a 4 4 k 3 more generalized equation x+ y = pz , where p is a prime and k is any positive integer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the Laboratory of Theoretical Studies, Institute of Mathematical Research (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia for supporting this research. REFERENCES Cohen, H. (2002). The Super-Fermat Equation. In Graduate Texts in Mathematics: Number Theory, Volume II: Analytic and Modern Tools (6 th Edn.), 463-477. New York: Springer-Verlag, Chapter 6. Cross, J. T. (1993). In the Gaussian Integers 4 4 4 a + b ¹ g . Mathematics Magazine, 66(2), 105-108. Dieulefait, L. V. (2005). Modular congruences, Q-curves, and the diophantine equation Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin., 12(13), 363-369. Dieulefait, L. V. (2005). Solving diophantine equations 126 Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 21 (1): 283 - 298 (2013) 4 4 p x + y = z . 4 4 p x + y = qz . Acta Arith, 117(3), 207-211. Dudley, U. (1978). Elementary Number Theory (2 nd Edn.) San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 4 4 4 Grigorov, G., & Rizov, J. (1998). Heights on elliptic curves and the diophantine equation x + y = cz . 1-9. Poonen, B. (1998). Some diophantine equations of the form 193-205. n n m x + y = z . Acta Arith, LXXXVI, 3,
ISSN: 0128-7680 © 2013 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 21 (1): 127 - 134 (2013) SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Radiation-Induced Formation of Acrylated Palm Oil Nanoparticle Using Pluronic F-127 Microemulsion System Tajau, R. 1 *, Wan Yunus, W. M. Z. 2 , Mohd Dahlan, K. Z. 3 , Mahmood, M. H. 1 , Hashim, K. 4 , Ismail, M. 5 , Salleh, M. 1 and Che Ismail, R. 1 1 Synthesis and Radiation Curing Group, Division of Radiation Processing Technology (BTS), Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Centre For Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University Malaysia, 57000 Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Division Director’s Office, Division of Radiation Processing Technology (BTS), Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Polymer Modification Radiation Group, Division of Radiation Processing Technology (BTS), Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 5 Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT This study demonstrated the utilization of radiation-induced initiator methods for the formation of nanoparticles of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) using aqueous Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) microemulsion system. This microemulsion system was subjected to gamma irradiation to form the crosslinked APO nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the size and the chemical structure of the nanoparticles. As a result, the size of the APO nanoparticle was decreased when the irradiation dose increased. The decrease in size might be due to the effects of intermolecular crosslinking and intramolecular crosslinking reactions of the APO nanoparticles during irradiation process. The size of the nanoparticle is in the range of 98 to 200 nanometer (nm) after irradiation using gamma irradiator. This Article history: Received: 28 July 2011 Accepted: 13 January 2012 E-mail addresses: rida@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my (Tajau, R.), wanmdzin@gmail.com (Wan Yunus, W. M. Z.), khairul@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my (Mohd Dahlan, K. Z.) hilmi@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my (Mahmood, M. H.), kbhashim@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my (Hashim, K.), maznah@medic.upm.edu.my (Ismail, M.), mekzah@nuclearmalayisa.gov.my (Salleh, M.), rosley@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my (Che Ismail, R.) *Corresponding Author radiation-induced method provides a free initiator induced and easy to control process as compared to the classical or chemical initiator process. The study has shown that radiation-induced initiator methods, namely, polymerization and crosslinking in the microemulsion, were promising for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Keywords: Acrylated palm oil, nanoparticle, radiation crosslinking, ionizing radiation
Page 2 and 3:
Journal of Science & Technology Jou
Page 4 and 5:
International Advisory Board Adarsh
Page 6 and 7:
ut bovine milk allergy by far is th
Page 8 and 9:
Selected Articles from UPM-Malaysia
Page 11 and 12:
ISSN: 0128-7680 © 2013 Universiti
Page 13 and 14:
Aspect of Fatigue Analysis of Compo
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Application of Anthropometric Dimen
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Different Media Formulation on Bioc
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45:
Page 48 and 49:
Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z. B., Suleim
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
CONCLUSION Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z.
Page 56 and 57:
Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z. M. Rosli,
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Surface Roughness Y. Yusuf, J. M. J
Page 64 and 65:
DISCUSSION Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z.
Page 66 and 67:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Modelling of Motion Resistance Rati
Page 73 and 74:
The Empirical Method Modelling of M
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86: ISSN: 0128-7680 © 2013 Universiti
Page 87 and 88: Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution
Page 89 and 90: TABLE 1: Size of mussels in average
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 5: Heavy metal concentrations
Page 109 and 110: Physico-Chemical and Electrical Pro
Page 115 and 116: TABLE 1: (continued) Physico-Chemic
Page 119: Physico-Chemical and Electrical Pro
Page 122 and 123: Norhashila Hashim et al. effectiven
Page 124 and 125: Statistical Analysis Norhashila Has
Page 126 and 127: Norhashila Hashim et al. Post-hoc a
Page 128 and 129: Norhashila Hashim et al. Cubero, S.
Page 130 and 131: S. Ismail and K. A. Mohd Atan 4 4 p
Page 132 and 133: S. Ismail and K. A. Mohd Atan The f
Page 134 and 135: Lemma 1.1 The equation S. Ismail an
Page 138 and 139: INTRODUCTION Tajau, R. et al. A hig
Page 140 and 141: Tajau, R. et al. the acrylate’s c
Page 142 and 143: Tajau, R. et al. double bond) and C
Page 144 and 145: Tajau, R. et al. Ulanski, P., & Ros
Page 146 and 147: Aji, I. S., Zinudin, E. S., Khairul
Page 148 and 149: Aji, I. S., Zinudin, E. S., Khairul
Page 150 and 151: CONCLUSION Aji, I. S., Zinudin, E.
Page 152 and 153: D. Bachtiar, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Za
Page 156 and 157: TABLE 1: (continue) 4 D. Bachtiar,
Page 162 and 163: N. Maizatul, I. Norazowa, W. M. Z.
Page 168 and 169: REFERENCES N. Maizatul, I. Norazowa
Page 173 and 174: CBIR Using Colour and Shape Fused F
Page 181 and 182: Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
Page 187 and 188:
Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Issues on Trust Management in Wirel
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Trust Value MF-ID 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
A Negation Query Engine for Complex
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
REFERENCES A Negation Query Engine
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
The Problem Association Rule Mining
Page 219 and 220:
Association Rule Mining threshold t
Page 221 and 222:
Association Rule Mining must be sor
Page 223 and 224:
Association Rule Mining On the othe
Page 225:
Association Rule Mining Quinlan, J.
Page 228 and 229:
Che Mustapha Yusuf, J., Mohd Su’u
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Az Azrinudin Alidin and Fabio Crest
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie Salim, Ahm
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
REFERENCES Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie
Page 258 and 259:
Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
The Role of Similarity Measurement
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
TABLE 5: Winners MRS The Role of Si
Page 283:
REFEREES FOR THE PERTANIKA JOURNAL
Page 286 and 287:
Guidelines for Authors Publication
Page 288 and 289:
table should be prepared on a separ
Page 290 and 291:
The Journal’s review process What
Page 293 and 294:
Usability of Educational Computer G
show all

JST Vol. 21 (1) Jan. 2013 - Pertanika Journal - Universiti Putra ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?