Wong Y. C. and Tan Y. P. connection between the grains, which is due to the presence of pores in the inter-granular area. However, conductivity increases with the increasing temperature and bismuth content. The conductivity of the solid solutions increased in the order of: Bi 4Cr 2O 12 < Bi 5Cr 2O 13.5 ~ Bi 6Cr 2O 15 < Bi 7Cr 2O 16.5. Among the solid solutions, Bi 7Cr 2O 16.5 is the best ionic conductor and has the highest conductivity. From the results of the electrical measurement, the solid solutions for Bi 2O 3-Cr 2O 3 system can be concluded as moderate oxide ion conductors at the temperature above 350 o C. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful for the financial support given by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) via Science Fund. REFERENCES Ardelean, I., Cora, S., & Rusu, D. (2008). EPR and FT-IR spectroscopic studies of Bi 2O 3–B 2O 3– CuO glasses. Physica B, 403, 3682– 3685. Begue, P, Rojo, J. M., Enjalbert, R., Galy, J., & Castro, A. (1998). Ionic conductivity of the new oxide family Bi[Bi 12-xTe xO 14]Mo 4-xV 1+xO 20. Solid State Ionics, 112, 275–280. Bëguë, P., Rojo, J.M., Iglesias, J. E., & Castro, A. (2002). Different [Bi 12O 14] n columnar structural types in the Bi-Mo-Cr-O system: synthesis, structure, and electrical properties of the solid solution Bi 26Mo 10xCr xO 69. <strong>Journal</strong> of Solid State Chemistry, 166, 7-14. Brown, D. A., Cunningham, D., & Glass, W. K. (1967). The infrared and Raman spectra of chromium (III) oxide. Spectrochimita Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, 24, 965- 968. Cheng, Y., Xiao, H. N., Guo, W. M., & Guo, W. M. (2006). Structure and crystallization kinetics of Bi 2O 3–B 2O 3 glasses. Thermochimica Acta, 444, 173–178. Chi, Z. H., Yang, H., Feng, S. M., Li, F. Y., Yu, R. C., & Jin, C. Q. (2007). Room-temperature ferroelectric polarization in multiferroic BiMnO 3. <strong>Journal</strong> of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 310, e358-e360. Colmont, M., Drache, M., & Roussel, P. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of Bi 31Cr 5O 61.5, a new bismuth chromium oxide, potential mixed-ionic-electronic conductor for solid oxide fuel cells. <strong>Journal</strong> of Power Sources, 195, 7207-7<strong>21</strong>2. Esmaeilzadeh, S., Lundgren, S., Haslenius, U., & Grins, J. (2001). Bi 1-xCr xO 1.5+1.5x, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15: A new high-temperature solid solution with a three-dimensional incommensurate modulation. <strong>Journal</strong> of Solid State Chemistry, 156, 168-180. Galy, J., Enjalbert, R., Rozier, P., & Millet, P. (2003). Lone pair stereoactivity versus anionic conductivity. Columnar structures in the Bi 2O 3–MoO 3 system. Solid State Sciences, 5, 165-174. Grins, J., Esmaeilzadeh, S., & Hull, S. (2002). Structure and ionic conductivity of Bi 6Cr 2O 15, a new structure type containing (Bi 12O 14) 8n+ n columns and CrO 2- 4 tetrahedra. <strong>Journal</strong> of Solid State Chemistry, 163, 144–150. Hou, J. G., Vaisha, R., Qu, Y. F., Krsmanovic, D., Varma, K. B. R., & Kumar, R. V. (2010). Dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity in Bi 5NbO 10 oxygen ion conductors prepared by a modified sol–gel process. <strong>Journal</strong> of Power Source, 195, 2613-2618. 108 <strong>Pertanika</strong> J. Sci. & Technol. <strong>21</strong> (1): 283 - 298 (<strong>2013</strong>)
Physico-Chemical and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Chromate Solid Solutions Jezowska-Trzebiatowska, B., Hanuza, J., Wojciechowski, W., & Nawojska, J. (1968). Spectroscopic studies and structural chemistry of Cr III /Cr VI compounds in the solid state. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2, 202-207. Li, M.C., Judith, D., Liu, L. H., & Zhao, L. C. (2006). The phase transition and phase stability of magnetoelectric BiFeO3. Materials Science and Engineering A., 438-440, 346-349. Liu, Y. H., Li, J. B., Liang, J. K., Luo, J., Ji, L. N., Zhang, J. Y., & Rao, G. H. (2008) Phase diagram of the Bi 2O 3-Cr 2O 3 system. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 112, 239–243. Rico-Fuentes, O., Sanchez-Aguilera, E., Velasquez, C., Ortega-Alvarado, R., Alonso, J. C., & Ortiz, A. (2005). Characterization of spray deposited bismuth oxide thin films and their thermal conversion to bismuth silicate. Thin Solid Films, 478, 96– 102. Selbach, S. M., Tybell, T., Einarsrud, M-A., & Grande, T. (2010). Phase transitions, electrical conductivity and chemical stability of BiFeO 3 at high temperatures. <strong>Journal</strong> of Solid State Chemistry, 183, 1205- 1208. Yang, C. H., Koo, T. Y., & Jeong, Y. H. (2007). Orbital order, magnetism, and ferroelectricity of multiferroic BiMnO 3. <strong>Journal</strong> of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 310, 1168–1170. <strong>Pertanika</strong> J. Sci. & Technol. <strong>21</strong> (1): 283 - 298 (<strong>2013</strong>) 109
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International Advisory Board Adarsh
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Selected Articles from UPM-Malaysia
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Aspect of Fatigue Analysis of Compo
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Application of Anthropometric Dimen
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Application of Anthropometric Dimen
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Application of Anthropometric Dimen
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Application of Anthropometric Dimen
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Application of Anthropometric Dimen
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Different Media Formulation on Bioc
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Different Media Formulation on Bioc
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Different Media Formulation on Bioc
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Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z. B., Suleim
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Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z. B., Suleim
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Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z. B., Suleim
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CONCLUSION Heng, S. C., Ibrahim, Z.
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Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z. M. Rosli,
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Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z. M. Rosli,
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Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z. M. Rosli,
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Surface Roughness Y. Yusuf, J. M. J
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DISCUSSION Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z.
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Y. Yusuf, J. M. Juoi, Z. M. Rosli,
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REFERENCES N. Maizatul, I. Norazowa
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CBIR Using Colour and Shape Fused F
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CBIR Using Colour and Shape Fused F
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CBIR Using Colour and Shape Fused F
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Toward Automatic Semantic Annotatin
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Issues on Trust Management in Wirel
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Issues on Trust Management in Wirel
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Trust Value MF-ID 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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Issues on Trust Management in Wirel
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A Negation Query Engine for Complex
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A Negation Query Engine for Complex
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A Negation Query Engine for Complex
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A Negation Query Engine for Complex
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REFERENCES A Negation Query Engine
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The Problem Association Rule Mining
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Association Rule Mining threshold t
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Association Rule Mining must be sor
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Association Rule Mining On the othe
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Association Rule Mining Quinlan, J.
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Che Mustapha Yusuf, J., Mohd Su’u
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Che Mustapha Yusuf, J., Mohd Su’u
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Che Mustapha Yusuf, J., Mohd Su’u
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Az Azrinudin Alidin and Fabio Crest
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Az Azrinudin Alidin and Fabio Crest
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Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie Salim, Ahm
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Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie Salim, Ahm
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Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie Salim, Ahm
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REFERENCES Yogan Jaya Kumar, Naomie
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Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
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Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
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Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
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Hasiah Mohamed@Omar, Azizah Jaafar
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The Role of Similarity Measurement
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The Role of Similarity Measurement
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The Role of Similarity Measurement
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The Role of Similarity Measurement
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TABLE 5: Winners MRS The Role of Si
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REFEREES FOR THE PERTANIKA JOURNAL
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Guidelines for Authors Publication
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table should be prepared on a separ
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The Journal’s review process What
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Usability of Educational Computer G