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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 6 (2) 190-195 April 2012, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) . Table 2. Effect of xylan concentration on xylanase activity at different time intervals Time 0% xylan 0.5% xylan 1% xylan 2% xylan 3% xylan 4% xylan 5% xylan (hours) (U/ml) (U/ml) (U/ml) (U/ml) (U/ml) (U/ml) (U/ml) 12 0.18± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.08 1.34 ±0.13 1.60 ± 0.15 2.05 ± 0.20 3.74 ± 0.35 2.40 ± 0.20 24 0.20 ±0.01 1.16 ± 0.10 2.49 ± 0.20 3.74 ± 0.30 4.45 ± 0.40 4.72 ± 0.40 4.36 ± 0.40 36 0.27± 0.01 1.25 ± 0.12 2.58 ± 0.25 4.18 ± 0.40 5.52 ± 0.50 6.41 ± 0.55 5.25 ± 0.50 48 0.30± 0.01 1.34 ± 0.13 2.76 ± 0.25 4.36 ± 0.40 6.41 ± 0.60 7.21 ± 0.70 6.85 ± 0.60 60 0.10± 0.01 1.42 ± 0.14 2.49 ± 0.24 4.27 ± 0.40 7.03 ± 0.70 8.01 ± 0.75 8.46 ± 0.75 72 0.30± 0.01 1.07 ± 0.10 2.23 ± 0.20 4.18 ±0.40 5.52 ± 0.50 8.54 ± 0.75 8.99 ± 0.80 84 0.10± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.08 0.98 ± 0.08 3.74 ± 0.35 4.81 ± 0.45 7.12 ±0.70 9.08 ± 0.85 observed that there was initially up to 48 hours increase in xylanase production and thereafter decrease in xylanase production was observed (Table 2). When 1% more xylan was added after 48 hours of growth, there was increase in xylanase production up to 96 hours. The data indicated that due to extra-cellular xylanase, xylan present in the medium exhausted and upon further addition of xylan increased xylanase production. The effect of various different concentrations of xylan viz. 0.5, 1, 2 , 3, 4 and 5 % xylan was also checked on xylan production. The data are given in Table 2. These data showed that there was more production of xylanase with increase in xylan concentration up to 4% in the growth medium. At lower concentration of xylan, increase in xylanase production was observed up to 48 hours only whereas at higher concentration of xylan, increase in xylanase production was observed for a longer time (Table 2). The present results showed that although xylanase isolated from Paenibacillus macquariensis is not thermophilic but it can be exploited as good source of xylanase production for industrial applications. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 194 India for its facilities under M.Sc. Biotechnology program and the Bioinformatics Sub Centre. References 1. Kuhad, R.C., Singh, A. and Eriksson, K.E. (1997) Microorganisms and enzymes involved in the degradation of plant fibre cell walls. Adv. Biochem Eng. Biotechnol 57, 45- 125 2. Collins, T., Gerday, C. and Feller, G. (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic xylanases. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 29, 3-23 3. Sunna, A., and Antranikian, G. (1997) Xylanolytic enzymes from fungi and bacteria. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 17, 39-67. 4. Khandeparker, R., and Numan, M.T. (2008) Bifunctional xylanases and their potential use in biotechnology. J Ind. Microbiol, Biotechnol. 35, 635-644. 5. Prade, R.A. (1996) Xylanases: from biology to biotechnology. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 13, 101-131. 6. Wong, K.K.Y., Tan, L.U.L. and Saddler, J.N. (1998) Multiplicity of β-1,4-xylanase in microorganisms, functions and applications. Microbiol. Rev. 52, 305-317. 7. Kulkarni, N., Shendye, A. and Rao, M. (1999) Molecular and biotechnological Optimization of Xylanase Secretion from Paenibacillus macquariensis
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 6 (2) 190-195 April 2012, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) aspects of xylanases. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23, 411-456. 8. Mathlouthi, N., Saulnier, L., Quemener, B. and Larbier, M. (2002) Xylanase, βglucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and β-glucanase used alone or in combination. J.Agric. Food Chem. 50, 5121-5127. 9. Garg, S., Ali, R. and Kumar, A. (2009) Production of Alkaline Xylanase by an Alkalo-thermophilic Bacteria, Bacillus halodurans, MTCC 9512 isolated from Dung. Curr.Trends Biotechnol. Pharm. 3, 90-96. 10. Gilbert, H.J. and Hazlewood, G.P. (1993) Bacterial cellulases and xylanases. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 187-194. 11. Bajpai, B., Bhardwaj, N.K., Bajpai, P.K. and Jauhari, M.B. (1994) The impact of xylanases on bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp. J. Biotechnol. 38, 1-6. 12. Garg, N., Mahatman, K.K. & Kumar, A. (2010) Xylanase: Applications & Biotechnologycal Aspects. Lambert Meeta Sharma and Anil Kumar 195 Academic Publishing AG & Co., K.G Germany. 13. Ruiz-Arribas, A., Fernandez-Abaloz, J.M., Sanchez, P., Garda A.L. and Santamaria, R.I. (1995) Overproduction, purification and biochemical characterization of a xylanase (Xys1) from Streptomyces halstedii JM8. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 61, 2414-2419. 14. Srinivasan, M.C. and Rele, V.M. (1988) Microbial xylanases for paper industry. Fermentat Sci. Technol. 137-162. 15. Viikari, L. (1994) Xylanases in bleaching: from an idea to the industry. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 13, 335-350. 16. Ash, C., Priest, F.G. and Collins, M.D. (1994) Paenibacillus gen. nov. In Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB. List No. 51 Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 852-853. 17. Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem., 31, 426-429 18. Gassesse, A. and Gashe, B.A. (1997) Production of alkaline xylanase by an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Isolated from an alkaline soda lake J. Appl. Microbiol., 83, 402-406.
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