d(GC) - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
d(GC) - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
d(GC) - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
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Current Trends in <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Vol. 6 (2) 190-195 April 2012, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)<br />
Table 1. Biochemical <strong>and</strong> physiological<br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> the bacteria<br />
Tests RC1819<br />
Gram Staining +<br />
Spore staining +<br />
Motility +<br />
Growth at 10°C -<br />
Growth at 15°C -<br />
Growth at 25°C +<br />
Growth at 37°C +<br />
Growth at 42°C -<br />
Growth at pH 5.2 +<br />
Growth at pH 8.0 +<br />
Growth at pH 9.0 +<br />
Growth at pH 10.0 +<br />
Growth at NaCl 2% +<br />
Growth at NaCl 5% +<br />
Growth at NaCl 7% +<br />
Growth at NaCl 10% +<br />
Starch hydrolysis +<br />
Casein hydrolysis +<br />
Citrate utilization -<br />
Gelatin liquefaction +<br />
H S Production 2 -<br />
MR -<br />
VP +<br />
Nitrate reduction +<br />
Indole -<br />
Catalase +<br />
Oxidase +<br />
Urea<br />
Acid production from<br />
-<br />
Arabinose +<br />
Galactose -<br />
Mannitol +<br />
Raffinose -<br />
Salicin +<br />
Xylose -<br />
Sucrose -<br />
Rhamnose -<br />
Meso-inositol +<br />
Fructose +<br />
Meeta Sharma <strong>and</strong> Anil Kumar<br />
193<br />
added in the growth medium. The bacteria could<br />
not produce hydrogen sulfide gas <strong>and</strong> also could<br />
not reduce nitrate. The bacteria showed catalase<br />
<strong>and</strong> oxidase activities. The bacteria showed<br />
negative tests for indole <strong>and</strong> urea hydrolysis<br />
(Table 1).<br />
The bacteria produced acid from glucose,<br />
arabinose, mannitol, salicin, fructose <strong>and</strong> mesoinositol.<br />
However, it could not produce acid from<br />
galactose, raffinose, xylose, sucrose <strong>and</strong><br />
rhamnose indicating that these are not<br />
metabolized the same way (Table 1).<br />
Earlier, authors isolated a bacteria from<br />
dung, Bacillus halodurans, MTCC 9512 which<br />
showed optimum growth at 55oC <strong>and</strong> at pH 10<br />
(9).<br />
Production <strong>of</strong> xylanase: Based on the growth<br />
<strong>of</strong> the bacteria <strong>and</strong> production <strong>of</strong> xylanase,<br />
Emerson medium was selected for the growth<br />
<strong>of</strong> the bacteria.<br />
Time optimization for xylanase production:<br />
The bacterial growth <strong>and</strong> xylanase production<br />
were observed up to 96 hours. It was found that<br />
the bacteria grew logarithmically up to 84 hours<br />
as observed by measuring absorbance at 600<br />
nm. Xylanase production was observed to<br />
increase up to 48 hours <strong>and</strong> thereafter, there was<br />
decrease in production as observed by<br />
measuring enzyme activity. The culture medium<br />
showed nearly 4.5 units/ ml <strong>of</strong> xylanase activity<br />
at 48 hours in the presence <strong>of</strong> 2 % xylan.<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> xylan on xylanase production: The<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> xylan on the production <strong>of</strong> xylanase by<br />
the bacteria was observed by adding 1 % xylan<br />
in the growth medium. A control was also<br />
prepared simultaneously under identical<br />
conditions having no xylan in the growth medium.<br />
The xylanase production was observed at 12<br />
hours intervals. There was little xylanase<br />
production in the control flask whereas bacteria<br />
grown in the growth medium having 1% xylan<br />
showed significant production <strong>of</strong> xylanase. It was