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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 6 (2) 145-165 April 2012, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) such as gallotannins, ellagitannins and condensed tannins present in muscadine grapes. Production of Tannases : Tannases are conventionally produced mainly from microorganisms because of high yield and easy 148 mode of cultivation in comparison to plant and animal sources (Table 1). Filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus genus have been widely used for tannase production (39). Aspergillus can tolerate tannic acid concentrations as high as 20% (w/v) with reasonable yields. Depending on the strain and the culture conditions, the enzymes can be Table 1. Various sources and mode of cultivation of tannases Sources of tannases Yeast Mode of cultivation References Arxula adeninivorans SmF Boer et al. (27) Candida sp. SmF Aoki et al. (41) Candida utilis SmF Shi et al. (42) Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia sp. SmF Deschamps et al. (43) Mycotorula japonica SmF Belmares et al. (26) Saccharomyces cerevisiae SmF Zhong et al. (29) Filamentous fungi Aspergillus aculeatus SmF, SSF Banerjee et al. (44) Aspergillus niger SSF Sabu et al. (2, 45) Aspergillus aureus, Aspergillus fischeri, Aspergillus terreus, Aureobasidium pullulans SmF Bajpai and Patil (46) Aspergillus awamori SmF Beena et al. (47) Aspergillus candidus SmF Murugan and Al-Sohaibani (48) Aspergillus ficuum SmF Lu and Chen (49) Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus usamii, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium javanicum, Penicillium oxalicum Yamada et al. (50) Aspergillus foetidus SmF Naidu et al. (51) Aspergillus caespitosum, Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium restrictum, Penicillium variable SmF Batra and Saxena (52) Aspergillus gallomyces , Mucor sp. SmF Belmares et al. (26) Aspergillus heteromorphus SmF Chhokar et al. (11) Aspergillus japonicas, Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus rugulosus, Cunnighamella sp., Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium solani, Heliocostylum sp., Neurospora crassa, Penicillium acrellanum, Penicillium carylophilum, Penicillium charlessi, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum Penicillium digitatum, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Dinesh Prasad et al
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 6 (2) 145-165 April 2012, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride SmF Bradoo et al. (53) Aspergillus ornatus, Aspergillus rugulosa, Aspergillus terricola, Penicillium commune SmF Cruz-Hernández et al. (54) Aspergillus ruber SSF Kumar et al. (36) Aspergillus tamarii SmF Costa et al. (7) Cryphonectria parasitica SmF Farias et al. (55) Cylindrocladiella peruviana, Doratomyces stemonitis, Penicillium concentricum, Trichoderma atroviride, Mariannaea camptospora SmF, SSF Peterson et al. (56) Fusarium subglutinans SmF Hamdy (57) Hyalopus sp. SSF & SmF Mahapatra and Banerjee (58) Neosartorya fischeri SSF & SmF Aguilar et al. (59) Paecilomyces variotii SSF Battestin and Macedo (60) Penicillium atramentosum SSF Selwal et al. (61) Penicillium canescens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Penicillium spinulosum, Penicillium zacinthae, Penicillium frequentans SmF Sariozlu and Kivanc (2009) Penicillium glabrum SSF Lagemaat and Pyle (62) Penicillium glaucum SmF Lekha and Lonsane (40) Penicillium islandyicum, Penicillium notatum SmF Ganga et al. (63) Rhizopus oryzae SSF, MSSF Kar et al. (64) Verticillium sp. SmF Kasieczka-Burnecka et al. (65) Bacteria Bacillus cereus SmF Mondal et al. (66) Bacillus licheniformis SmF Mondal et al. (13) Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Corynebacterium sp., Klebisella planticola, Klebisella pneumonia, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas solanaceanum SmF Deschamps et al. (43) Bacillus sphaericus SmF Raghuwanshi et al. (67) Citrobacter freundii SSF Murugan et al. (68) Enterobacter sp. SmF Sharma et al. (69) Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus animalis, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus SmF Nishitani et al. (70) Lactobacillus apodemi SmF Osawa et al. (71) Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus acidilacti Pediococcus pentosaceus, SmF Matthews et al.(72) Lactobacillus plantarum,Leuconostoc fallax, Leuconostoc mesenteroides SmF Kostinek et al. (73) Overview on production and characterization of tannases 149
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6th Annual Convention of Associatio
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