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7E Results iodicared rhai rh. lcid k ated subsL.t did nor yietd beter tue pro(eitr llan uDtroated ri@ polishings in the tinally hawesred biomas. Sulphuric acid lreatment solublizes hemicclluloscwirbolt in(.rsins irs micrcbial digestibility (H!n and Calliha[ l9?4). Moo Young e, a/. (t97?) obsded pa.lill delignifi@tion ofew dust wirh lakali, pa setic Ecid or H1SO. and s. reulr ih@ was morc @llullac producli@ by Ttbhoderw yitide. C.celtutolttiM ti.td.,l highe. single c€ll protein, indic.tirS the prefe.enc. of microoreanism for substrares. Acid hydrolysis of $€ substnte somelimes results in the production of toxic faclors such as furfuBl, hydroxy ncthyl finfinal, rhc prccursoE md ph€notic compouds {hich supprcrs the microbial acrivity. The inhibirory eff@r of srch compounds could be minimiad by growing the fungi in a mcdium mainrained at pH around 6.0 or 7.0 (Chalal, 1984 and Chahal er al. 1989). Low pH (4.0) oflh€ medium maintained in th. prgent study could be alributed ro poor biomals yi€ld as cotnpded to pr.viou studies. Ricch. .r dl. (t966) rcporr.d y.a$ biomass conrlirirg 36% prcrcin on l% rcid or hot hydrclyzed porlrG subskarc f@ent.d wilh c'lrltr. simildly Qui€zy er al. (t979) dporr.d hi8h.r singl€ e[ protcio production fiom fermerlatio! ofacid k..ted g.oud pear with Crrilir. In borh ih€ above ref€red sludies rhe pH was mainllined al 6.0 or abov. which mighl hsd am€lionted the ellcr of loxic prcducrs from acid Lertmenr. Vollova ?r ul (t979) oblained 6low as 8-9 o/o prolein biomass yieb aner feme arion ofacid lMl.d subslrate wirh a y6t Cardtd, ttopicali. ar low (4.6) pH. T his vuialion could b. due to low pH snd lhe type ofy€ast used. Pre lrealm€nts of subsrrale can also havc a signiiicanl effect on th€ hemicullolose acc€ssibility to enzymic atlck. cupta and Datta (199?) achiev€d b€tte. Esulrs rhrouSh prei@tmenr of blsssc with 2% (Vv) calciun hydroxid.. SinG no improvem.nt i! prolein yield w6 nored wifi acid prctrc.t rot of ricc polishings, this t(c.rmcnr ws trot u.d i. funh.r GxDerimenrs.
3. DetermiDation of Optimum L€yel of Mohsses at 48 Hours To .nhan@ rhe growlh of fcrnentltivc orSanism, du ng rhe ta8 phase of fementltion, molasses wrs add€d a! surce oflolubt€ sugars. lt is a che.p source of rcadily availsble €ner$, and ws supplem. al 48rr hour of tie srowrh of Atachniotu sp.ciet. Five differe levcls of mdtNs wer. lesr€4 alons wirh a conlrol (without mola$es). Table 5 shows thc averag. true prorein vatues oblained fiom biomats al v&ious lev€ls of motrss€s. Thc entysis of vdisnc. of rhc dal! (Appendix vlll) revslcd a signifi(jnt (p
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t-,/rrr',r47c
Page 3 and 4:
To The Controller of Examlnations,
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ACKNOWLEDCEMONTS . ll nnie5 lor All
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PreDrmtio. oflooculum for Bt@iba.te
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effecled by addition of I % nolasse
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LIST OF FIGUERS Flturc Tltl. Prr. I
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Chapter - I INTRODUCTION Tle grcwin
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BrcvibrctetiM llavM. Bretibacteriw
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Hc repon€d non signifi@l difcr.nc
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under a sel of condilions: acid str
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Asperyila Iufligarts.l\e @culture s
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20h ofculturins md 44.3 % rne.4Eh f
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ll tcchnique allowed r 54% incrcase
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l5 nunber of yeast c.ll in 10-14 h
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t1 Yogo er al. ( 1976) krmentql Cat
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l9 dd yeasi exkact in con@nrntions
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2l Mahmood ?/ at (1990) sludicd lhe
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2J t'oda d al. ( | 971) Iirmented s
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'neal 25 Ba.jrach.rya and Mudse( (1
Page 39 and 40: 27 Sandhu 4d woraich ( 1983) sludi
Page 41 and 42: 29 Ilashini (1987) srudied the prod
Page 43 and 44: 3l in.lbalion- ]l'ey obseNed that v
Page 45 and 46: ll substrate in balrl n.dium ar pH
Page 47 and 48: )5 Jin €r al. (1994) succeed€d
Page 49 and 50: J7 nported lllat lhc f€mentation
Page 51 and 52: l9 Burgets (1994) dcveloped the mut
Page 53 and 54: Okmolo (1997) rcported that L-lipro
Page 55 and 56: 4i markedly inll €nced fic cGcuhu
Page 57 and 58: 45 Dods ed Kuns (f969) had5ted th.
Page 59 and 60: Ljpiosky and Litchfield (1974) repo
Page 61 and 62: srain of Cellulonore specie!. They
Page 63 and 64: 5l Enriquez and Rodriquez (1983) co
Page 65 and 66: 5l body weight gain werc rcduced ro
Page 67 and 68: 55 co'nnercial diet. Feed consumpri
Page 69 and 70: Chapter - 3 5l MATERIALS AND METHOD
Page 71 and 72: 3. Preparation of in oc|uhm for Ara
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Setting CarboD to Nit.ogen Rati
Page 75 and 76: I'hrr L Sl,oni'r I lr'csll culfo.c
Page 77 and 78: 65 Alter 48 houls it€ nrmb€r of
Page 79 and 80: 6,1 Autoclaved Vs UnNutoclaved Firs
Page 81 and 82: 69 X:-Xr gP = Fx YPlx q, = p xYx/s,
Page 83 and 84: 1l rll $. rariom werc.djuied accord
Page 85 and 86: 1J opetrirr8 rheir abdomisal cavili
Page 87 and 88: '15 A. TO OPTIMIZE THE GROWTH CONDI
Page 89: ablc 5. Mo t SE lde p.or€in produ
Page 93 and 94: EI I1*as obs€Ned tat !t l% levcl
Page 95 and 96: 83 periods during fmenlatioo fo! pr
Page 97 and 98: E5 Phac lI1. Showib rotrrv lhrker p
Page 99 and 100: 87 candido utilis and ewn dqty linc
Page 101 and 102: 89 Plat€ V. Showins fermcntalion
Page 103 and 104: L 2. l. 4. 5. 9l Overview for A- ar
Page 105 and 106: t] biomass harvested unde. two cond
Page 107 and 108: 95 haN*ted aner 72 houB of ferm€n
Page 109 and 110: O.,4dvrm in srnerghn wirh the yeasr
Page 111 and 112: 99 averae. true protein valu4 of th
Page 113 and 114: 0l Growth Kinetics For l}te explan.
Page 115 and 116: I ; 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3 2 1 0 -1
Page 117 and 118: 105 C. NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BI
Page 119 and 120: lnniring diDo acid es wa rcported b
Page 121 and 122: t09 Similar ro fed consumpriotr the
Page 123 and 124: 2.5 Protein Elliciency Ratio (PER)
Page 125 and 126: I tl l'hte Vlll Showi'rg cxperincnr
Page 127 and 128: ||5 SUMMARY Rice polishings is a by
Page 129 and 130: |7 Dds lbdned was 0.5 ed 0.7013 for
Page 131 and 132: lt9 BIBLIOGRAPHY AbdelHanreed,N.A.A
Page 133 and 134: l2l Beneke,E.S. 1955. M€dical Myc
Page 135 and 136: l2J Daghir,N.J. and J-L.SeX. 1962_
Page 137 and 138: 125 Cimnl,R.F.. M.ElSawy, E.M.R.mad
Page 139 and 140: 127 I lubbell.C.H. I 990 Feed Stuff
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129 .ohp.$r&. Appl.Miqobiol.Biot ch
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llt Panaiobv,K.ll., A.Ar.v, L.Damyd
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ShojaoBdati.S-A. .nd M.N.chazlj. 19
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135 V"[OS$ !?3.. Pldir dt br of nrt
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NuEicn crudc Fibr. EIbE;d N.F.E C.l
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oil !5.00 ":oo lz0o 3300 2200 2500
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A!?.dir-vl ADlti. of n l@.fin turtl
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. sbdfqd (Pd.ot) IrlS Ald)rir of v.
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t45 AFadix-X: Ad'tndv'.ic.ofd-dwirr
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147 Alp.ldix-Xll ADdrrir of!{drn .
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App6dix-XIV: Aidyrk ofwidc. oflh. d
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ADFft-XU: A!.Bd. ortrlF turhr.&.r o
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Apt odit-xvle Arttn of whE ofrbdr-o
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I5J Ap'codtx.lo( A.d}n ofyrirE ofdd
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t57 Ar!.odir-)Ofil ofrrttt4. oftb d
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. 3i9i6cd1(P4.0t) z 0.ml 159 0.631
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I6l isnir.d in lhc numc tumac€ a(
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3, Eslidlr|iotr ofcrrbotr l6! 'nc f
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165 4. Estimation ofTrue Protein (T
Page 179 and 180:
t67 (5 mL) m'C for 15 ninurq and ca
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169 added and lhe volurnes werc mad
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