DEDICATED TO -.MY DECEASED BROTHER DR.MUHAMMAD ZIA-UL-HAQ AND DR.ABU SAEED HASHMI AND DR.ABRAR IIUSSAIN GILANI
ACKNOWLEDCEMONTS . ll nnie5 lor Allih. who 8u,Jes us ,n d.rknBr an,l h.rtt n, d,|]j!,,trier drd,'rr 'e.r(t( h' l|n poph.l AzfuAt MU AMM D (nrry pr,a b. u|rr litrr) oriislrurin{ or con*ienc. wirh fic.6senc. or tailh in A[ah. "ou"etging tris ti,,,tu*s I t*tsE.r pt.uuc !o.rpEs! my hdr.tr sErirudc and linc.r.sr rhanks r' u' ^rr0r u' Rchnah uarqu.. prctersr ond ChDnmn, D€nlnnFnr ot Arrul N nrnr lor lk tind su'da ce coniist.nl .n@uds.nEnr, h;atfiy (iri.n drl udainr! kndtresr thrcugh lhe c!!M otfiis studv, ,. _ , I rirl nrcu'i urtFins rtE nud.nl;rt,r.Abu S..cd .st,n rnJ t)r.Ah,al rrrqn.rir, r, rrc \oy \nrd xnJ.lrccrioh!i. r.a.he,r, Inos[,s rtE nrit.sroncs in ltN .., ........,,,.:lll'1"1'..11*,ru.,!DrshahidR6mr.Asnr"h,rror.io,.Dena,rherl :'iTni:? ',J D, vurdnnnr,i Ahru . A$isrsnr prore{!u,. r,.i*,i,""i "i i,j;;,;J}"filii$illl;Jlli:, suidena.,n.crionok,n,rd. !d !.,uabr su*s.liotr1 -,,'..,,,','". ",1:i.ll'"1l:::"'"'" quore r' DeE ot Dr'Rana riirdos sho r'|erted De s r,r.d nkm,tr. rn ntn(. .n r.cord n,y ohtig.rion. ro ,tr, L,en,k 11 lli'llil'ii"lllti,i*"llt'"1,1il*;",;tiiT*::*',,;'qb"' s",;' ^;;;;;;: ., , -, ..]l': i!tr,$teitaDenrr wi L imornpt.r€ u,rtDur reteaDL. dr Na/i, ^hmHr \rur'iit slltr. Nazr *rnor. M!n,&r. qr Khatid. Javed. !u,fsaler Cr,"r.., $.rtr Sr,"r,,,a ,,r,., De o(h more dutrtre whote Firod otmy Ese,crr ""a , wnn,a dRp (trk ot ipnr.(,arion. \LT,nrj,.rd I otT.r nry IJ a, sihc.,.\l rhsnt\ u+us lo nr\ d V k.t, t.tDrc qllr(ia Irlj , O,.,r.t"" rt,tr. rr". t)rEcror U, vckrinrry v.,r,,,,_,; lf tt€$srch Innir;rc. t r,. .,1;ll, i,.;;"l;,tl;1, :' J:ffi ;',]fit:,:itri:,ffi ,::y,)liiil:,",tlllj"lll I ufter xry hea ielr ftanlrs |o hy ,ft ctioture poenls, ror u{tr broth.u and sislel tE}cn d.t noatsppon,nd my eiic dd my Mtr^,ln,wrD t u..}Eps N@r ut udda and Iny 'enaimJ rann.B du,,ns astro\reds. ., .*rol.wi,r, nry r!d'e{}hw. au. ,".*i l my bbrhr6{n:t!w. nccr{d my sist.".i"-r"., Mo.F,.,tr+w. a,r,.r "i,a ",, .ft*i, b.sr *i"h"" rd pdyos:,obl.d n" . *r^" l,"l],.1i (Muh.mm.d tkrdn uth.q)
- Page 1 and 2: t-,/rrr',r47c
- Page 3: To The Controller of Examlnations,
- Page 7 and 8: PreDrmtio. oflooculum for Bt@iba.te
- Page 9 and 10: effecled by addition of I % nolasse
- Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGUERS Flturc Tltl. Prr. I
- Page 13 and 14: Chapter - I INTRODUCTION Tle grcwin
- Page 15 and 16: BrcvibrctetiM llavM. Bretibacteriw
- Page 17 and 18: Hc repon€d non signifi@l difcr.nc
- Page 19 and 20: under a sel of condilions: acid str
- Page 21 and 22: Asperyila Iufligarts.l\e @culture s
- Page 23 and 24: 20h ofculturins md 44.3 % rne.4Eh f
- Page 25 and 26: ll tcchnique allowed r 54% incrcase
- Page 27 and 28: l5 nunber of yeast c.ll in 10-14 h
- Page 29 and 30: t1 Yogo er al. ( 1976) krmentql Cat
- Page 31 and 32: l9 dd yeasi exkact in con@nrntions
- Page 33 and 34: 2l Mahmood ?/ at (1990) sludicd lhe
- Page 35 and 36: 2J t'oda d al. ( | 971) Iirmented s
- Page 37 and 38: 'neal 25 Ba.jrach.rya and Mudse( (1
- Page 39 and 40: 27 Sandhu 4d woraich ( 1983) sludi
- Page 41 and 42: 29 Ilashini (1987) srudied the prod
- Page 43 and 44: 3l in.lbalion- ]l'ey obseNed that v
- Page 45 and 46: ll substrate in balrl n.dium ar pH
- Page 47 and 48: )5 Jin €r al. (1994) succeed€d
- Page 49 and 50: J7 nported lllat lhc f€mentation
- Page 51 and 52: l9 Burgets (1994) dcveloped the mut
- Page 53 and 54: Okmolo (1997) rcported that L-lipro
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4i markedly inll €nced fic cGcuhu
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45 Dods ed Kuns (f969) had5ted th.
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Ljpiosky and Litchfield (1974) repo
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srain of Cellulonore specie!. They
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5l Enriquez and Rodriquez (1983) co
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5l body weight gain werc rcduced ro
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55 co'nnercial diet. Feed consumpri
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Chapter - 3 5l MATERIALS AND METHOD
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3. Preparation of in oc|uhm for Ara
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4.4 Setting CarboD to Nit.ogen Rati
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I'hrr L Sl,oni'r I lr'csll culfo.c
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65 Alter 48 houls it€ nrmb€r of
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6,1 Autoclaved Vs UnNutoclaved Firs
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69 X:-Xr gP = Fx YPlx q, = p xYx/s,
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1l rll $. rariom werc.djuied accord
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1J opetrirr8 rheir abdomisal cavili
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'15 A. TO OPTIMIZE THE GROWTH CONDI
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ablc 5. Mo t SE lde p.or€in produ
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3. DetermiDation of Optimum L€yel
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EI I1*as obs€Ned tat !t l% levcl
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83 periods during fmenlatioo fo! pr
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E5 Phac lI1. Showib rotrrv lhrker p
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87 candido utilis and ewn dqty linc
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89 Plat€ V. Showins fermcntalion
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L 2. l. 4. 5. 9l Overview for A- ar
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t] biomass harvested unde. two cond
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95 haN*ted aner 72 houB of ferm€n
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O.,4dvrm in srnerghn wirh the yeasr
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99 averae. true protein valu4 of th
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0l Growth Kinetics For l}te explan.
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I ; 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3 2 1 0 -1
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105 C. NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BI
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lnniring diDo acid es wa rcported b
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t09 Similar ro fed consumpriotr the
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2.5 Protein Elliciency Ratio (PER)
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I tl l'hte Vlll Showi'rg cxperincnr
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||5 SUMMARY Rice polishings is a by
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|7 Dds lbdned was 0.5 ed 0.7013 for
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lt9 BIBLIOGRAPHY AbdelHanreed,N.A.A
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l2l Beneke,E.S. 1955. M€dical Myc
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l2J Daghir,N.J. and J-L.SeX. 1962_
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125 Cimnl,R.F.. M.ElSawy, E.M.R.mad
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127 I lubbell.C.H. I 990 Feed Stuff
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129 .ohp.$r&. Appl.Miqobiol.Biot ch
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llt Panaiobv,K.ll., A.Ar.v, L.Damyd
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ShojaoBdati.S-A. .nd M.N.chazlj. 19
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135 V"[OS$ !?3.. Pldir dt br of nrt
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NuEicn crudc Fibr. EIbE;d N.F.E C.l
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oil !5.00 ":oo lz0o 3300 2200 2500
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A!?.dir-vl ADlti. of n l@.fin turtl
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. sbdfqd (Pd.ot) IrlS Ald)rir of v.
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t45 AFadix-X: Ad'tndv'.ic.ofd-dwirr
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147 Alp.ldix-Xll ADdrrir of!{drn .
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App6dix-XIV: Aidyrk ofwidc. oflh. d
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ADFft-XU: A!.Bd. ortrlF turhr.&.r o
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Apt odit-xvle Arttn of whE ofrbdr-o
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I5J Ap'codtx.lo( A.d}n ofyrirE ofdd
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t57 Ar!.odir-)Ofil ofrrttt4. oftb d
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. 3i9i6cd1(P4.0t) z 0.ml 159 0.631
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I6l isnir.d in lhc numc tumac€ a(
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3, Eslidlr|iotr ofcrrbotr l6! 'nc f
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165 4. Estimation ofTrue Protein (T
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t67 (5 mL) m'C for 15 ninurq and ca
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169 added and lhe volurnes werc mad
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