t-,/rrr',r47c

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distill.d wlter. Tle conlcnts wc frozen with dry ice dd tet tube w6 evacuated with ihe helt ofa slclion punp. Thc tube wd Bealed with pin poinl oxy8en suigas flame and placed in uprigil posilion in an ovcn reeulaled ar I looc for 22 houc. 'fhe hydrolyate so folred ws evapoEred unde. vaculn 10 d.ynes ro reDove Ilcl. TIE d.ied nln of hydrolrate was susF ded witb 2rnl buifer (rrH 2.2). Tle solublc maicrial was ccnhiluged to get rid of visiblc sedihen$ sd samplc wd loaded on ion exchdS€ column of aubmatic miro acid analy&r for g€ring compl.le profile of mino acids lr€sent ir the smple. Standard solulion of rhino acids qaalsorun in lhe aminoacid analyzer under simila. conditions. 6, Ribos€ Nucleic Acid (RNA) Estimation Tlt€ co.centralion of RNA5 in th€ fermenr€d biomass was €stim.led by rh€ method ofCerioui(1955) as Dodifi€d by Munro and Fleck (1966). For fiis purpose a stand{d cupe Nas conlrrucred by rakin8 different votumes ofsranddd dbose solution (0.01% in concentrared HCt) in six rest tubes. whereas the 7th lube ser.d as blank (Table- l2). '[re direrenr dbose corccntarions as well as th. blank werc lrealed *ith lhe rcagenls as illustmcd in rhe rabtc. TIle test rubes shaken rhorouShty were immersed nr boiling watef bath for 40 minutes and tlen cool€d undef tap water. Tte cotou| was rhen exracled {i1h 5mL anyl alcohal by mixing md c€nlifu8ing ar 4000 rpm for five minutes. Tle extracted blue colour€d solution was @nlrituged again ed iB optiql densily was Md on spectrophoromeler ar 675 nn againsl rhe blank. The stmdard cune so prepared is presenr€d in Fi8,5. finely ground and seiv€d lhroud 40 mesh sMpl€ of fermenred biomais (0.1 g) was exkacred rwic€ with chillcd absolure alcrhol (5ml each iime) lhen centrifuged for five minules al 4000 rpm. The residue was once exracred wilh chilled l0 percent Ticholoro-ac.ric acid (TCA) by cenkifugation and rhe supemalrnl wd discard€d. l.lle r€sidue was rhen fina y treal€d with 5 peoent TCA
t67 (5 mL) m'C for 15 ninurq and caLifuged. Supem.rarl (0.05 mL) w keed in th€ smc mamd s d$ib.d for sr.rndad @re fo. rhe $rim.tion of ribos.. RNA concnts of tlE sdpl. {.s qtcutrt d by Ntriplyin8 rib$. concoralion witb 3.77 (C..iotti,1955). Table-l2: Calibratioo ofst ndard cud. for RibGe eslination T$l Tub. Volumcs (mL) |23456. Sr,ndard 0.01% 0.r 0.t 0J O4 -j--- 0j , Ribs€ Solurion conc.HCl (sp.sr. I.l9) 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.t 2.0 Lg 2.' OrcimlR.ag.nt. 2.5 2.5 2,5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2oo Ds or oEin.t Bdis@i. g'enhr.d,H€t Gp4r. t.t9) E !dd.d !o il ed tn. rotuo. eB m.d. upro loo;i *i.n
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t-,/rrr',r47c
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To The Controller of Examlnations,
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ACKNOWLEDCEMONTS . ll nnie5 lor All
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PreDrmtio. oflooculum for Bt@iba.te
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effecled by addition of I % nolasse
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LIST OF FIGUERS Flturc Tltl. Prr. I
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Chapter - I INTRODUCTION Tle grcwin
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BrcvibrctetiM llavM. Bretibacteriw
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Hc repon€d non signifi@l difcr.nc
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under a sel of condilions: acid str
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Asperyila Iufligarts.l\e @culture s
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20h ofculturins md 44.3 % rne.4Eh f
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ll tcchnique allowed r 54% incrcase
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l5 nunber of yeast c.ll in 10-14 h
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t1 Yogo er al. ( 1976) krmentql Cat
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l9 dd yeasi exkact in con@nrntions
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2l Mahmood ?/ at (1990) sludicd lhe
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2J t'oda d al. ( | 971) Iirmented s
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'neal 25 Ba.jrach.rya and Mudse( (1
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27 Sandhu 4d woraich ( 1983) sludi
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29 Ilashini (1987) srudied the prod
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3l in.lbalion- ]l'ey obseNed that v
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ll substrate in balrl n.dium ar pH
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)5 Jin €r al. (1994) succeed€d
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J7 nported lllat lhc f€mentation
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l9 Burgets (1994) dcveloped the mut
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Okmolo (1997) rcported that L-lipro
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4i markedly inll €nced fic cGcuhu
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45 Dods ed Kuns (f969) had5ted th.
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Ljpiosky and Litchfield (1974) repo
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srain of Cellulonore specie!. They
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5l Enriquez and Rodriquez (1983) co
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5l body weight gain werc rcduced ro
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55 co'nnercial diet. Feed consumpri
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Chapter - 3 5l MATERIALS AND METHOD
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3. Preparation of in oc|uhm for Ara
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4.4 Setting CarboD to Nit.ogen Rati
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I'hrr L Sl,oni'r I lr'csll culfo.c
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65 Alter 48 houls it€ nrmb€r of
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6,1 Autoclaved Vs UnNutoclaved Firs
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69 X:-Xr gP = Fx YPlx q, = p xYx/s,
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1l rll $. rariom werc.djuied accord
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1J opetrirr8 rheir abdomisal cavili
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'15 A. TO OPTIMIZE THE GROWTH CONDI
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ablc 5. Mo t SE lde p.or€in produ
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3. DetermiDation of Optimum L€yel
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EI I1*as obs€Ned tat !t l% levcl
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83 periods during fmenlatioo fo! pr
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E5 Phac lI1. Showib rotrrv lhrker p
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87 candido utilis and ewn dqty linc
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89 Plat€ V. Showins fermcntalion
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L 2. l. 4. 5. 9l Overview for A- ar
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t] biomass harvested unde. two cond
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95 haN*ted aner 72 houB of ferm€n
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O.,4dvrm in srnerghn wirh the yeasr
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99 averae. true protein valu4 of th
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0l Growth Kinetics For l}te explan.
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I ; 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3 2 1 0 -1
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105 C. NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BI
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lnniring diDo acid es wa rcported b
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t09 Similar ro fed consumpriotr the
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2.5 Protein Elliciency Ratio (PER)
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I tl l'hte Vlll Showi'rg cxperincnr
Page 127 and 128: ||5 SUMMARY Rice polishings is a by
Page 129 and 130: |7 Dds lbdned was 0.5 ed 0.7013 for
Page 131 and 132: lt9 BIBLIOGRAPHY AbdelHanreed,N.A.A
Page 133 and 134: l2l Beneke,E.S. 1955. M€dical Myc
Page 135 and 136: l2J Daghir,N.J. and J-L.SeX. 1962_
Page 137 and 138: 125 Cimnl,R.F.. M.ElSawy, E.M.R.mad
Page 139 and 140: 127 I lubbell.C.H. I 990 Feed Stuff
Page 141 and 142: 129 .ohp.$r&. Appl.Miqobiol.Biot ch
Page 143 and 144: llt Panaiobv,K.ll., A.Ar.v, L.Damyd
Page 145 and 146: ShojaoBdati.S-A. .nd M.N.chazlj. 19
Page 147 and 148: 135 V"[OS$ !?3.. Pldir dt br of nrt
Page 149 and 150: NuEicn crudc Fibr. EIbE;d N.F.E C.l
Page 151 and 152: oil !5.00 ":oo lz0o 3300 2200 2500
Page 153 and 154: A!?.dir-vl ADlti. of n l@.fin turtl
Page 155 and 156: . sbdfqd (Pd.ot) IrlS Ald)rir of v.
Page 157 and 158: t45 AFadix-X: Ad'tndv'.ic.ofd-dwirr
Page 159 and 160: 147 Alp.ldix-Xll ADdrrir of!{drn .
Page 161 and 162: App6dix-XIV: Aidyrk ofwidc. oflh. d
Page 163 and 164: ADFft-XU: A!.Bd. ortrlF turhr.&.r o
Page 165 and 166: Apt odit-xvle Arttn of whE ofrbdr-o
Page 167 and 168: I5J Ap'codtx.lo( A.d}n ofyrirE ofdd
Page 169 and 170: t57 Ar!.odir-)Ofil ofrrttt4. oftb d
Page 171 and 172: . 3i9i6cd1(P4.0t) z 0.ml 159 0.631
Page 173 and 174: I6l isnir.d in lhc numc tumac€ a(
Page 175 and 176: 3, Eslidlr|iotr ofcrrbotr l6! 'nc f
Page 177: 165 4. Estimation ofTrue Protein (T
Page 181: 169 added and lhe volurnes werc mad
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