Cooling IGBT Modules with VDF - Parker
Cooling IGBT Modules with VDF - Parker Cooling IGBT Modules with VDF - Parker
Key Points: VDF Cooling Loop • Water system: • For water, 4.2J (0.00398 BTU) are required to raise the temperature of 1g (0.035 oz.) of water by 1°C (1.8°F). • Therefore, to dissipate 1kW (3414 BTU/hr.) of power, a flow rate of 2.9 l/min. (46 gal./hr.) is required, assuming a 5°C increase in water temperature. • VDF system: • Uses liquid-to-gas phase change of common refrigerant such as R134-A. • As long as there is fluid in the cold plate, the cold plate surface will be held close to the boiling point of the fluid. • For 40°C refrigerant, 151J (0.143 BTU) are required to convert 1g (0.035 oz.) of refrigerant from liquid to gas. • Therefore, to dissipate 1kW (3414 BTU/hr.) of power, a flow-rate of 0.35 l/min. (5.8 gal./hr.) is required. • Lower flow rates for VDF system equate to a smaller pump, power supply, reservoir, and smaller tube diameters. 6 Levett, Howes, Saums – Cooling of IGBT Modules with Vaporizable Dielectric Fluid • IMAPS France ATW Thermal 2008 • La Rochelle, France
Key Points: VDF Cooling Loop • VDF system: • Pressure and temperature are allowed to “float” relative to ambient conditions. • System design target: System is designed for maximum power load at maximum ambient conditions. • No compression cycle: System cannot cool below heat exchanger medium temperature. This is not refrigeration. • Gravity fed: • Pump must be located below liquid cold plates in the loop. • Heat exchanger must be located above the liquid cold plates in the loop. • Heat exchanger can be: • Air-to-fluid (i.e., traditional tube-and-fin); • Water-to-fluid (e.g., shell-and-tube for external chilled water or tower). • System design engineer may set the refrigerant saturation temperature by adjusting system operating pressure: • Adds additional degree of freedom for system design; • Higher pressure will increase saturation temperature, enabling a higher junction temperature and smaller condenser and/or lower airflow. • Refrigerant or other dielectric vaporizable fluid will tolerate greater temperature extremes for outdoor applications. • “Refrigerant agnostic”: Alternative refrigerants and dielectric fluids may be selected, with some changes required in system component design. 7 Levett, Howes, Saums – Cooling of IGBT Modules with Vaporizable Dielectric Fluid • IMAPS France ATW Thermal 2008 • La Rochelle, France
- Page 1 and 2: Cooling of IGBT Modules with Vapori
- Page 3 and 4: A Brief History • 1999: Thermal F
- Page 5: How does VDF cooling work? Pump 3 x
- Page 9 and 10: Test Bed and Conditions • Air-coo
- Page 11 and 12: Phase Module: 1200VAC 450A EconoDUA
- Page 13 and 14: IGBT Thermal Image at Load Thermal
- Page 15 and 16: Case A: Air-Cooled Extruded Aluminu
- Page 17 and 18: Case D: Water-cooled Custom Aluminu
- Page 19 and 20: Case E: Prototype VDF Liquid Cold P
- Page 21 and 22: Heat Sink/Cold Plate Performance Co
- Page 23 and 24: Cooling Loop Comparison Table Table
- Page 25 and 26: Water-based Cooling System • Pros
- Page 27 and 28: VDF-Based Cooling System • Pros
- Page 29 and 30: 750kW/1000hp Proof-of-Concept Inver
- Page 31 and 32: VDF Cooling Loop for Single Pluggab
- Page 33 and 34: Mérci! 33 Levett, Howes, Saums - C
- Page 35 and 36: Appendix 35 Levett, Howes, Saums -
- Page 37: Vaporizable Dielectric Fluids • A
Key Points: <strong>VDF</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong> Loop<br />
• Water system:<br />
• For water, 4.2J (0.00398 BTU) are required to raise the temperature of 1g (0.035 oz.)<br />
of water by 1°C (1.8°F).<br />
• Therefore, to dissipate 1kW (3414 BTU/hr.) of power, a flow rate of 2.9 l/min. (46<br />
gal./hr.) is required, assuming a 5°C increase in water temperature.<br />
• <strong>VDF</strong> system:<br />
• Uses liquid-to-gas phase change of common refrigerant such as R134-A.<br />
• As long as there is fluid in the cold plate, the cold plate surface will be held close to<br />
the boiling point of the fluid.<br />
• For 40°C refrigerant, 151J (0.143 BTU) are required to convert 1g (0.035 oz.) of<br />
refrigerant from liquid to gas.<br />
• Therefore, to dissipate 1kW (3414 BTU/hr.) of power, a flow-rate of 0.35 l/min. (5.8<br />
gal./hr.) is required.<br />
• Lower flow rates for <strong>VDF</strong> system equate to a smaller pump, power supply, reservoir, and<br />
smaller tube diameters.<br />
6 Levett, Howes, Saums – <strong>Cooling</strong> of <strong>IGBT</strong> <strong>Modules</strong> <strong>with</strong> Vaporizable Dielectric Fluid • IMAPS France ATW Thermal 2008 • La Rochelle, France
Change language