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Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

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STRUCTURAL STEEL CONSTRUCTION 7.67<br />

FIGURE 7.32 Typical beam penetrations.<br />

When penetrations are necessary at locations with higher shear loadings, it may<br />

be necessary to reinforce the web with longitudinal stiffeners. Figure 7.32 shows<br />

typical configurations with (a) being unreinforced <strong>and</strong> (b) reinforced. <strong>Design</strong> of<br />

such reinforcement is done by considering a free-body of the section of the beam<br />

containing the penetration. Further information on beam penetrations is available<br />

in AISC <strong>Design</strong> Guide No. 2 (Table 7.9).<br />

7.21 PLATE GIRDERS<br />

Plate girders may have either a box or an I shape. Main components are plates or<br />

plates <strong>and</strong> angles, arranged so that the cross section is either singly or doubly<br />

symmetrical. Generally, the elements are connected by continuous fillet welds. In<br />

existing construction, the connection may have been made with rivets or bolts<br />

through plates <strong>and</strong> angles. Fig. 7.33 depicts typical I-shape girders.<br />

Plate girders are commonly used for long spans where they cost less than rolled<br />

W shapes or where members are required with greater depths or thinner webs than<br />

those available with rolled W shapes. The AISC LRFD ‘‘Specification for Structural<br />

Steel for <strong>Building</strong>s’’ distinguished between a plate girder <strong>and</strong> a beam in that a plate

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