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Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

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11.10 SECTION ELEVEN<br />

Materials to be used should be kept dry. Tops of all walls not enclosed or<br />

sheltered should be covered whenever work stops. The protection should extend<br />

downward at least 2 ft.<br />

Frozen materials must be thawed before use. Masonry units should be heated to<br />

at least 40�F. Mortar temperature should be between 40 <strong>and</strong> 120�F, <strong>and</strong> mortar<br />

should not be placed on a frozen surface. If necessary, the wall should be protected<br />

with heat <strong>and</strong> windbreaks for at least 48 hr. Use of mortars made with high-earlystrength<br />

cement may be advantageous for cold-weather masonry construction.<br />

11.3.2 Bond between Wythes in Masonry Walls<br />

When headers are used for bonding the facing <strong>and</strong> backing in solid masonry walls<br />

<strong>and</strong> faced walls, as shown in Fig. 11.3, not less than 4% of the wall surface of<br />

each face should be composed of headers, which should extend at least 4 in into<br />

the backing. These headers should not be more than 24 in apart vertically or hor-<br />

FIGURE 11.3 Types of unit-masonry construction. Cross sections through walls show: (a) twowythe<br />

solid wall with bonders; (b) three-wythe solid wall with bonders; (c) <strong>and</strong> (d) hollow-unit<br />

walls; (e) hollow or cavity wall; (f) corbeled wall. Elevations of walls show types of masonry<br />

courses: (g) running bond; (h) common, or header, bond with bonders every sixth course; (i)<br />

Flemish bond with bonders in every course; (j) English bond; (k) stack bond. Types of corner<br />

bond: (l ) Dutch; (m) English.

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