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ARTIcLE 2 gene (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer 1, the 5.8S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS) and the first 900 bases at the 5’ end of the 28S rRNA gene (LSU). The primers ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and LSU1Fd (Crous et al. 2009a) were used as internal sequence primers to ensure good quality sequences over the entire length of the amplicon. The PCR conditions, sequence alignment, and subsequent phylogenetic analysis followed the methods of Crous et al. (2006, 2009b). Additionally, partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) sequences were determined as described by Bensch et al. (2010). Sequences were compared with the sequences available in NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide (nr) database using a megablast search and alignments were constructed based on these results for ITS. For LSU, the novel sequence were added to an alignment modified from Lamprecht et al. 2011 (TreeBASE study S11805). Sequences derived in this study were lodged at GenBank, the alignment in TreeBASE (www.treebase.org/ treebase/index.html), and taxonomic novelties in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org; Crous et al. 2004). Harknessia eucalypti AY720745 98 30 changes 100 85 72 90 AY339313 AY339320 75 AY339319 AY339317 AY339316 100 EU301037 AY339338 51 Miranda et al. AY339343 100 94 65 HQ264189 BECM2 BECM1 HQ166057 AY339342 GU062317 AY339346 AY339344 DQ914688 AY339348 EU301051 AY339324 AY339323 AY339333 AY339334 AY339332 Morphology Slides containing fungal structures were mounted in lactophenol or lactofuchsin, with 30 measurements determined per structure. Sections were prepared with the help of a freezing microtome (Microm HM 520). Observations of fungal structures and measurements, as well as preparation of photographs, were performed with an Olympus BX 51 light microscope fitted with an Olympus E330 camera. Colony characters and pigment production were noted after 6 d of growth on 2 % malt extract agar (MEA) and potato carrot agar (PCA) (Crous et al. 2009c) plates incubated at 25 ºC. Colony colours (surface and reverse) were rated according to the colour charts of Rayner (1970). results Phylogeny Approximately 1700 bases, spanning the ITS and LSU regions, were obtained from the sequenced culture. Coniella australiensis Coniella fragariae Pilidiella eucalyptorum Pilidiella macrospora Pilidiella crousii Pilidiella tibouchinae Pilidiella granati Pilidiella sp. Pilidiella quercicola Schizoparme straminea Pilidiella diplodiella Pilidiella diplodiopsis Fig. 1. The first of 24 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search with 50 random taxon additions of the ITS sequence alignment (Tree length = 229, CI = 0.834, RI = 0.904, RC = 0.754). The scale bar shows 30 changes, and bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown at the nodes. Accession numbers of ex-type strains are shown in bold and the novel species in this study in red. Branches present in the strict consensus tree are thickened and the tree was rooted to a sequence of Harknessia eucalypti (GenBank accession no. AY720745). ima funGuS
The ITS region was used in the phylogenetic analysis to determine species-rank relationships (Fig. 1) and the LSU region for the generic placement (Fig. 2). The manually adjusted ITS alignment contained 25 taxa including the outgroup sequence and, of the 501 characters used in the phylogenetic analysis, 86 were parsimony-informative, 49 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 366 were volume 3 · no. 1 Pilidiella tibouchinae sp. nov. Magnaporthe grisea AB026819 Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae AF362556 100 Coniochaetidium savoryi AY346276 Coniochaeta velutina EU999180 Calosphaeria pulchella AY761075 100 Togninia novae-zealandiae AY761081 100 Phaeoacremonium sphinctrophorum DQ173151 100 Asterosporium asterospermum AB553745 97 Asterosporium asterospermum AB553741 Mazzantia napelli AF408368 88 60 88 70 Diaporthe perjuncta AF408356 Diaporthe pustulata AF408358 Diaporthe padi AF408354 Diaporthe angelicae AY196781 Phaeocytostroma ambiguum FR748102 61 60 Stenocarpella macrospora DQ377934 Stenocarpella maydis DQ377936 98 Phaeocytostroma sacchari FR748105 Diaporthe detrusa AF408349 Phaeocytostroma plurivorum FR748104 10 changes 73 Phaeocytostroma megalosporum FR748103 100 Valsa ceratosperma AF408386 Valsella adhaerens AF408388 80 78 Leucostoma niveum AF408367 Greeneria uvicola AF362570 Melanconiella spodiaea AF408370 Endothiella gyrosa AF362555 89 Cryphonectria macrospora AF408340 Cryphonectria nitschkei AF408341 Ophiovalsa betulae AF408375 Key to families: Ca: Calosphaeriaceae Cr: Cryphonectriaceae D: Diaporthaceae G: Gnomoniaceae M: Melanconidiaceae T: Togniniaceae V: Valsaceae 63 96 100 58 Phragmoporthe conformis AF408377 Gnomonia setacea AF362563 100 Melanconis stilbostoma AF408374 Melanconis marginalis AF408373 62 Melanconis alni AF362566 Wuestneia molokaiensis AF408390 93 Harknessia eucalypti AF408363 Harknessia gibbosa EF110615 100 Pilidiella eucalyptorum EU754150 Coniella australiensis AF408336 82 Coniella fragariae AF362553 98 59 BECM2 Pilidiella tibouchinae BECM1 Pilidiella tibouchinae 79 92 Schizoparme botrytidis AF408383 Pilidiella macrospora AY339292 Coniella musaiaensis AF408337 Schizoparme straminea AY339296 57 Pilidiella granati AF408379 53 Pilidiella quercicola AY339293 Pilidiella diplodiopsis AY339287 Pilidiella diplodiella AY339286 Pilidiella diplodiopsis AY339288 57 Pilidiella sp. AY339295 Pilidiella castaneicola AF408378 Fig. 2. The first of 180 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search with 100 random taxon additions of the LSU sequence alignment (Tree length = 594, CI = 0.515, RI = 0.817, RC = 0.421). The scale bar shows 10 changes, and bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown at the nodes. The novel species in this study is indicated in red and families are indicated to the right of the tree according to the key on the figure. Branches present in the strict consensus tree are thickened and the tree was rooted to sequences of Magnaporthe grisea and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae (GenBank accession nos AB026819 and AF362556, respectively). Family Ca T constant. Twenty-four equally most parsimonious trees were retained from the heuristic search, the first of which is shown in Fig. 1. The phylogenetic tree of the ITS region (Fig. 1) shows that the obtained sequences cluster between Pilidiella crousii and Pilidiella granati. The manually adjusted LSU alignment contained 54 taxa including the two outgroup sequences and, of the 840 characters used in D V M1 Cr G M2 M3 ARTIcLE 3
Page 1 and 2: Volume 3 · No. 1 · June 2012 The
Page 3 and 4: HOLIsTIc mycOLOgy - bAck TO bIOLOgy
Page 5 and 6: Volume 2 · No. 2 · December 2011
Page 7 and 8: and the basidiome apparently has a
Page 9 and 10: which are sold as one product for o
Page 11 and 12: FungalDc: a database on fungal dive
Page 13 and 14: concepts and possibilities, and vie
Page 15 and 16: this was an issue that the NCF shou
Page 17 and 18: Scenes from the One Fungus = Which
Page 19 and 20: ImA Executive committee meeting In
Page 21 and 22: cbs course medical mycology - chine
Page 23 and 24: cause human infections. The study o
Page 25 and 26: their latest research data on the m
Page 27 and 28: H-index above 50. One paper in part
Page 29 and 30: IN mEmORIAm Vernon Ahmadjian (1930-
Page 31 and 32: Archaeorhizomycetes: a new class fo
Page 33 and 34: the wild yeasts were beneficial to
Page 35 and 36: were a reasonable source of amino a
Page 37 and 38: Atlas of soil Ascomycetes. by Josep
Page 39 and 40: from various sources around the wor
Page 41 and 42: volume 3 · no. 1 pase from an Anta
Page 43 and 44: Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sci
Page 45: doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.01
Page 49 and 50: Description: Lesions on living leav
Page 51 and 52: Marasas WFO (2011) Diaporthaceae as
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Page 55 and 56: abaxially. Internal mycelium intra-
Page 57 and 58: table 1. (Continued). volume 3 · n
Page 61 and 62: volume 3 · no. 1 Managing and copi
Page 63 and 64: table 1. (Continued). Anamorph-typi
Page 65 and 66: Managing and coping with names of p
Page 67 and 68: volume 3 · no. 1 Managing and copi
Page 71 and 72: datasets: (1) a large LSU dataset;
Page 73 and 74: table 1. (Continued). volume 3 · n
Page 75 and 76: volume 3 · no. 1 Afrocantharellus
Page 77 and 78: Key to the species of Afrocantharel
Page 79 and 80: 4. Afrocantharellus splendens (Buyc
Page 81 and 82: 1) by Buyck & Hofstetter (2011) and
Page 85 and 86: sides of spores rarely enclosed by
Page 87 and 88: Denchev CM (1991) Genus Anthracoide
Page 91 and 92: table 1. Isolates of Ceratocystis f
Page 93 and 94: measurements of each structure and
Page 95 and 96: 100(100) 82(86) (Fig. 3). For the I
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9572, 5751 7768, 16008, 18572, 1859
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Ceratocystis eucalypticola sp. nov.
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Known distribution: South Africa. O
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doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.07
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table 1. Provenance of fungal isola
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Aspergillus section Versicolores Fi
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Description: Colonies grown 10 d on
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Stipes smooth walled (Fig. 5e), sep
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Stipes (Fig. 7e) smooth walled, hya
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Type: usA: Montana: isol. ex air sa
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Diagnosis: Conidia rough-walled, no
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grown on M40Y medium and the specie
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identified as three species, A. amo
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Veršilovskis A, Saeger SD (2010) S
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Supplementary InformatIon 1 volUme
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Supplementary InformatIon 10 volUme
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ARTIcLE ima funGuS
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ARTIcLE new rules for fungi I came
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ARTIcLE Braun table 1. Current name
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ARTIcLE 86 striking morphological d
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ARTIcLE 88 the PoteNtIAl role oF Fu
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ARTIcLE 90 Fig. 3) and industrial p
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ARTIcLE 92 degrading serine proteas
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ARTIcLE table 1. Strains employed i
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ARTIcLE these 18 strains using Brea
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ARTIcLE D’Souza AD, Sultana S, Ma
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ARTIcLE neglected despite their imp
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ARTIcLE talent and to enable it to
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Editorial Holistic mycology - back
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