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68 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, diameter of the dome, and we proceed to consider the objections to the seven-inch hole and the series of three-quarter-inch holes. The most obvious objection to tliese is, that in such cases the interior of the dome is quite inaccessible for inspection and repairs. We hold that the best solution of the dome-opening problem is to make the opening elliptical, 11" x 15", and to securely rivet to it a manhole frame (see Fig. 1). This makes the interior of the dome quite accessible, preserves a considerable portion of the shell, and so stiffens what remains as to materially increase its efficiency. In old boilers where the dome is of considerable size compared with the shell, say 30" in diameter on a 48'' cylinder, one or two stay bolts may be put across it as shown in Fig. 3. This construction is not recommended for new boilers, but it is often serviceable where the dome of a boiler already in use gives trouble by leakage along the joint where it is riveted to the boiler. The same object may likewise be attained by the construction shown in Fig. 4, which represents two bars of tee-iron riveted securely to the shell. Fig. 4. — Arrangement of Tee-iron for Stiffening the Shell. These bars should be made as long as possible, — that is, they should extend around the boiler shell until they almost touch the sides of the dome. This stiffens the shell admir- ably, and while we consider the manhole frame better for a new^ boiler, the tee-irons may perhaps be more readily applied to an old boiler which shows distress around the dome. It may also be well to say in this place that when the opening in the shell is less than the diameter of the dome, small drip-holes should be provided close to the dome at the lowest points on the sides (at the points corresponding to B and C in Fig. 3), to allow the water of condensation to flow back into the boiler. We have next to consider the connection of the dome to the shell. Usually the dome is flanged and fastened to the shell by a single row of rivets. In our ojDinion, this is not good practice, as the joint between the dome and the shell is subjected to very trying strains. In the first place, it will be seen that this joint has to withstand the upward pressure of the steam against the head of the dome. This brings a tensile .strain on the rivets, which tends to strip off their heads; and rivets are much weaker when the strain comes on them in this way than when it is entirely of the nature of a shear, as in ""
1893.] tin: locomotive. 69 the longitudinal iiud girth-joints of boilers. The dome should always V)e secured to the sIk'U by a double-rivotcd joint at least. The flange of tlie dome re-enforces the shell more efTectivuiy when iloul)l('-rivc'tc(l than when single-riveted, and the
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^ rtE.'pTWE © (§) THE LOCOMOTIVE.
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, a o o M -
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6 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January. In both
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3 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Januahy, been em
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^Q THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, ])rove
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42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, Sit «
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14 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January. After
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16 TlIK hOCOMO'J'i Vi.. Incorporate
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Page 40 and 41: 32 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
Page 42 and 43: 34 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [March, pressure
Page 44 and 45: 36 T II E L () C O yi O T l\E. [Mar
Page 46 and 47: 38 'i^il^ LOCOMOTl V i:. [Makcu, (1
Page 48 and 49: 40 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, art & Co
Page 50 and 51: 42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, Ml ^^^'3
Page 52 and 53: 44 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Makch, should h
Page 54 and 55: ^(3 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, power o
Page 56 and 57: 48 Incorporated 1866. THE LOC (J MO
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Page 60 and 61: 52 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, (This is
Page 62 and 63: 54 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, Castle,
Page 64 and 65: 56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, sious ar
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Page 68 and 69: ,60 THE LOCOMOTIVE. L-^p«il, nortl
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Page 72 and 73: 64t Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
Page 74 and 75: 66 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, much as we
Page 78 and 79: 70 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, by tirlce
Page 80 and 81: 72 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, Boiler Exp
Page 82 and 83: 74 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, HARTFORD,
Page 84 and 85: 76 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Mat, weeks amou
Page 86 and 87: '^8 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Ma\% coat-tail
Page 90 and 91: 82 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [June,
Page 92 and 93: 84 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, Boiler Ex
Page 94 and 95: 86 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, (105.)
Page 96 and 97: 88 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, The Heliu
Page 98 and 99: go THE LOCOMOTIVE. [JrxE, Mkt Elttt
Page 100 and 101: 92 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, ills lett
Page 102 and 103: •94 THE LOCOMOTIVE [June, .21 ia
Page 106 and 107: 98 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, worked ov
Page 108 and 109: : ^QO THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, Inspec
Page 110 and 111: 102 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, (132).
Page 112 and 113: 104 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, " The am
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Page 116 and 117: -iQQ THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, and als
Page 118 and 119: 110 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July without t
Page 120 and 121: 112 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July. Incorpor
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118 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, (147.)
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-120 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, A lar
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•J22 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, git
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124 THE LOCOMOTIVE [August, hard en
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126 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, The Bu
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128 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August. Incorp
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^30 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, pau
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132 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September,. iu
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-[34 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, Fi
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136 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, .35
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138 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, add
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140 THE LOCOMOTIVE lSeptember, On a
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d42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, cas
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144 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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146 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobek, in pl
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i48 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Natur
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[50 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Curti
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•152 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, an
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^54 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, Mkt e
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-[56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Tlie
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158 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Of co
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162 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, that
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: 16^4 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [XOVEMLER, I
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166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, boil
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168 THE LOCOMOTIVE. Sit Ktttmttit c
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170 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, KILL
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172 THE LOCOMOTIVE [November, Boile
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174 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [:November, sel
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178 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, grap
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: 180 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, In
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^82 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, that
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184 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, HART
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186 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, The
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188 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Decembeb, angle
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190 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, Such
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i92 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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INDEX, Equivalent of heat, redeterm
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