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,60 THE LOCOMOTIVE. L-^p«il, nortli windows of the Mint, and pointed it northeasterly toward the sunlit buildings beyond. After the exposure, the instructions in the newspaper were followed to the letter, amidst the ridicule of the other attaches who were present, but, to the great surprise •of the latter, and the great joy of the experimenter, the attempt resulted in a perfect [i. e.. highly creditable] picture. There, permanently impressed upon the silver plate, was the picture of the old Philadelphia High School, and the State Arsenal, which then stood upon the site. Joseph Saxton had proved the truthfulness of the published account of Daguerre's invention, and had made the first heliograjA in America." Mr. Sachse gives a reproduction of this daguerreotype. Shortly afterwards, in November, Mr. Robert Cornelius, a Philadelphian lamp maker, made a daguerreotype of himself, and another of some of his children ; and it is believed that these were the first portraits ever produced by a photographic process. It was not until the beginning of the year 1840, that n French daguerreotype reached America, Iodide of silver was the sensitive substance used by the French experimenters, and tills is so feebly sensitive to light that Daguerre, in his public demonstration of Sept. 17, 1839, gave his j^icture an exposure of one hour and twelve minutes. In December, 1839, before the first French jihotograph by the iodine process had been received in this coun- try. Dr. Paul Beck Goddard of Philadelphia discovered that iodine could be advantageously replaced by bromine, an element discovered by Balard thirteen years before. By the use of this substance, the sensitiveness of the plate was so greatly increased that Dr. Goddard obtained some practically instantaneous views. It was now possible to take satisfactory portraits, and early in 1840, Robert Cornelius fitted up a room exclusively for portraiture. Tiiis was the first photographic studio in the world. With reference to this studio, Mr. Sachse says, "An interesting item for the professional photographer of to-day who furnishes a dozen cabinets for one dollar [ !], or who turns out thirty-six tin-types for a quarter, is, that so great was the rush for the daguerrean miniatures, as they were called, that prospective sitters had to be "booked " a week ahead, at $5 for each sitting. Each received his day and hour, subject, of course to sunshine. No sittings were attempted in cloudy weather." A Locomotive Smoke and Spark Consuming" Device. Although it is not our custom to describe proprietary apparatus in these pages, we desire to call attention to a smoke and spark consuming device that has been used with success on the Shaw locomotive ; and we have the less hesitation in doing so because one of our inspectors has observed it carefully, and rejoorts upon it favorably, and because our previous article on smoke consumption seems to have aroused considerable interest. Fig. 1 gives a side view of a locomotive furnace with the device applied. A is the back water-leg, from which three two-inch pipes, B, lead off. Only two of them are seen in the cut, because the third comes directly behind one of those that are shown. {Fig. 2, which is an exterior view of the furnace as seen from the front, shows these pipes better.) The pipes i? curve ujiward and ytass through the water-leg as shown at r, then entering the lower end of I), which is a "hollow cylindrical deflecting plate and water circulating heater." The shape of tliis part is better .shown in Fig. 3. It
1898. 1 TIIK LOC'OMO'II V !•:. "cylindrical deflecting-platc " in question, and ^ is the furnace door, which is madfr smalkr than usual, so as to always leave tlie space //open to allow of the entrance of Fig. 2. — The Furnace as Seen from the Front of the Locomotive. air to the fire-box. From the " deflecting-plate," Z>, four two-inch pipes, PP, are led off, and these are bent so to re-enter the front water-leer, as shown in both Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. When the device is in operation, a continual circulation of water iskejit up through- 61
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PRESENTED BY y rv
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^ rtE.'pTWE © (§) THE LOCOMOTIVE.
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, a o o M -
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6 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January. In both
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3 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Januahy, been em
Page 18 and 19: ^Q THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, ])rove
Page 20 and 21: 42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, Sit «
Page 22 and 23: 14 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January. After
Page 24 and 25: 16 TlIK hOCOMO'J'i Vi.. Incorporate
Page 26 and 27: 18 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [Februaky, stren
Page 28 and 29: 20 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [February, could
Page 30 and 31: 22 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [February, Natur
Page 32 and 33: 24 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Februart Paper
Page 34 and 35: 26 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [February, injur
Page 36 and 37: 28 THE LOCOMOTIVE. Pit *0tiim$tlt
Page 38 and 39: 30 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [February, jured
Page 40 and 41: 32 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
Page 42 and 43: 34 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [March, pressure
Page 44 and 45: 36 T II E L () C O yi O T l\E. [Mar
Page 46 and 47: 38 'i^il^ LOCOMOTl V i:. [Makcu, (1
Page 48 and 49: 40 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, art & Co
Page 50 and 51: 42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, Ml ^^^'3
Page 52 and 53: 44 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Makch, should h
Page 54 and 55: ^(3 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, power o
Page 56 and 57: 48 Incorporated 1866. THE LOC (J MO
Page 58 and 59: 50 THE L O C O 31 U T I ^' E , [Apr
Page 60 and 61: 52 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, (This is
Page 62 and 63: 54 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, Castle,
Page 64 and 65: 56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, sious ar
Page 66 and 67: 58 ' THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, Hit St
Page 70 and 71: 62 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Aprfl, these pi
Page 72 and 73: 64t Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
Page 74 and 75: 66 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, much as we
Page 76 and 77: 68 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, diameter o
Page 78 and 79: 70 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, by tirlce
Page 80 and 81: 72 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, Boiler Exp
Page 82 and 83: 74 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, HARTFORD,
Page 84 and 85: 76 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Mat, weeks amou
Page 86 and 87: '^8 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Ma\% coat-tail
Page 90 and 91: 82 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [June,
Page 92 and 93: 84 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, Boiler Ex
Page 94 and 95: 86 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, (105.)
Page 96 and 97: 88 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, The Heliu
Page 98 and 99: go THE LOCOMOTIVE. [JrxE, Mkt Elttt
Page 100 and 101: 92 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, ills lett
Page 102 and 103: •94 THE LOCOMOTIVE [June, .21 ia
Page 106 and 107: 98 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, worked ov
Page 108 and 109: : ^QO THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, Inspec
Page 110 and 111: 102 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, (132).
Page 112 and 113: 104 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, " The am
Page 114 and 115: 106 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, tttSttlt
Page 116 and 117: -iQQ THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, and als
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110 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July without t
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112 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July. Incorpor
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114 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, to whi
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116 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, tion.
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118 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, (147.)
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-120 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, A lar
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•J22 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, git
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124 THE LOCOMOTIVE [August, hard en
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126 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, The Bu
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128 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August. Incorp
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^30 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, pau
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132 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September,. iu
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-[34 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, Fi
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136 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, .35
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138 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, add
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140 THE LOCOMOTIVE lSeptember, On a
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d42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, cas
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144 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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146 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobek, in pl
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i48 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Natur
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[50 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Curti
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•152 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, an
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^54 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, Mkt e
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-[56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Tlie
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158 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Of co
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162 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, that
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: 16^4 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [XOVEMLER, I
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166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, boil
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168 THE LOCOMOTIVE. Sit Ktttmttit c
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170 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, KILL
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172 THE LOCOMOTIVE [November, Boile
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174 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [:November, sel
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178 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, grap
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: 180 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, In
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^82 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, that
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184 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, HART
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186 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, The
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188 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Decembeb, angle
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190 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, Such
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i92 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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INDEX, Equivalent of heat, redeterm
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