The Locomotive - Lighthouse Survival Blog

,60 THE LOCOMOTIVE. L-^p«il,
nortli windows of the Mint, and pointed it northeasterly toward the sunlit buildings
beyond. After the exposure, the instructions in the newspaper were followed to the
letter, amidst the ridicule of the other attaches who were present, but, to the great surprise
•of the latter, and the great joy of the experimenter, the attempt resulted in a perfect [i. e..
highly creditable] picture. There, permanently impressed upon the silver plate, was the
picture of the old Philadelphia High School, and the State Arsenal, which then stood
upon the site. Joseph Saxton had proved the truthfulness of the published account of
Daguerre's invention, and had made the first heliograjA in America." Mr. Sachse gives
a reproduction of this daguerreotype. Shortly afterwards, in November, Mr. Robert
Cornelius, a Philadelphian lamp maker, made a daguerreotype of himself, and another
of some of his children ; and it is believed that these were the first portraits ever produced
by a photographic process. It was not until the beginning of the year 1840, that
n French daguerreotype reached America,
Iodide of silver was the sensitive substance used by the French experimenters, and
tills is so feebly sensitive to light that Daguerre, in his public demonstration of Sept. 17,
1839, gave his j^icture an exposure of one hour and twelve minutes. In December, 1839,
before the first French jihotograph by the iodine process had been received in this coun-
try. Dr. Paul Beck Goddard of Philadelphia discovered that iodine could be advantageously
replaced by bromine, an element discovered by Balard thirteen years before. By
the use of this substance, the sensitiveness of the plate was so greatly increased that Dr.
Goddard obtained some practically instantaneous views. It was now possible to take
satisfactory portraits, and early in 1840, Robert Cornelius fitted up a room exclusively
for portraiture. Tiiis was the first photographic studio in the world. With reference
to this studio, Mr. Sachse says, "An interesting item for the professional photographer
of to-day who furnishes a dozen cabinets for one dollar [ !], or who turns out thirty-six
tin-types for a quarter, is, that so great was the rush for the daguerrean miniatures, as
they were called, that prospective sitters had to be "booked " a week ahead, at $5 for each
sitting. Each received his day and hour, subject, of course to sunshine. No sittings
were attempted in cloudy weather."
A Locomotive Smoke and Spark Consuming" Device.
Although it is not our custom to describe proprietary apparatus in these pages, we
desire to call attention to a smoke and spark consuming device that has been used with
success on the Shaw locomotive ; and we have the less hesitation in doing so because one
of our inspectors has observed it carefully, and rejoorts upon it favorably, and because
our previous article on smoke consumption seems to have aroused considerable interest.
Fig. 1 gives a side view of a locomotive furnace with the device applied. A is the
back water-leg, from which three two-inch pipes, B, lead off. Only two of them are
seen in the cut, because the third comes directly behind one of those that are shown.
{Fig. 2, which is an exterior view of the furnace as seen from the front, shows these
pipes better.) The pipes i? curve ujiward and ytass through the water-leg as shown at
r, then entering the lower end of I), which is a "hollow cylindrical deflecting plate
and water circulating heater." The shape of tliis part is better .shown in Fig. 3. It