Volume 90, Number 1 - California Historical Society

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notes 71 For other interpretations about the way priests and settlers conducted themselves in California, see James Sandos, Converting California, Indians and Franciscans in the Missions (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004); Steven W. Hackel, Children of Coyote, Missionaries of St. Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769–1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005); Louise Pubols, The Father of All: The de la Guerra Family, Power and Patriarchy in Mexican California (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010); Carlos Salomon, Pio Pico: The Last Governor of Mexican California (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010); and Quincy Newell, Constructing Lives at Mission San Francisco: Native Californians and Hispanic Colonists, 1776–1821 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2011). 72 “Report of Father José Viader, From 19 to 27 October, 1810,” in Sherburne Cook, Colonial Expeditions to the Interior of California, Central Valley, 1800–1820 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960), 259. 73 Father Martínez to Prefect Sarría, in Cook, Colonial Expeditions, 271; ibid., 272. 74 Bancroft, The History of California, 2:328– 29n14. 75 Antonio María Osio, “Historia de la California” copia facilitada por John J. Doyle, Esq., 1878, 61–65, Calisphere, http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/. 76 Palóu is referring to the pivotal battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, in which Christians soundly defeated Muslims and all but made the reconquest inevitable. Francisco Palóu, Historical Account of the Life and Apostolic Labors of the Venerable Father Junípero Serra, 79, 81. 77 Bancroft, The History of California, 2:489n16. 78 Luis Arguello “Report to Governor Pablo de Sola, May 26, 1817,” in Cook, Colonial Expeditions, 276. 79 José del Carmen Lugo, “Vida de un ranchero,” ms. 1877, 6–7. Calisphere, http:// content.cdlib.org/ark:/. 80 “Diary of Pedro Munoz,” in Cook, Colonial Expeditions, 248; “Report of José Dolores Pico of the Expedition to the San Joaquin and Kings Rivers,” in Cook, Colonial Expeditions, 182–83. 81 Sergeant Sebastián Rodriguez, “Diary,” in Cook, Colonial Expeditions, 184–85. 66 California History • volume 90 number 1 2012 82 “Medieval Sourcebook: Mass of the Roman Rite Latin/English,” http://www. fordham.edu/halsall/basis/latinmass2.asp. 83 José María Amador,“Memorias sobre la historia de California,” ms. 1877, 36-40, Calisphere, http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/. 84 In 2003, when trying to convince President Jacques Chirac of France to participate in the attack on Iraq, President George W. Bush said, “This confrontation is willed by God, who wants to use this conflict to erase his people’s enemies before a New Age begins.” See Clive Hamilton, “Bush’s Shocking Biblical Prophecy Emerges: God Wants to ‘Erase’ Mid-East Enemies ‘Before a New Age Begins,’” AlterNet, http://www.alternet. org/news/140221/bush’s_shocking_biblical_ prophecy_emerges. Joaquin miller and the social circle at the hights, By phoeBe cutler, pp 40–61 Caption sources: “Joaquin Miller,” in Arthur Gilman, Poet’s Homes: Pen and Pencil Sketches of American Poets and Their Homes (Boston: D. Lothrop and Company, 1879), 73; “In the Public Eye,” Munsey’s Magazine 13, no. 1 (Apr. 1895), 181; The Pittsburg Press, Aug. 28, 1921, 73; Juanita Miller, About the Heights with Juanita Miller, 2nd ed. (Oakland, CA: Bray & Mulgrew, 1919); quoted in Beatrice B. Beebe, ed., “Letters of Joaquin Miller,” Frontier 12 (Jan. 1932), 121; George Sterling, “Joaquin Miller,” The American Mercury 7, no. 26 (Feb. 1926), 220; Roger K. Larson, ed., Dear Master: Letters of George Sterling to Ambrose Bierce, 1900–1912 (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 2002); “Monterey County Teachers’ Meeting,” San Francisco Call, Oct. 25, 1905; San Francisco Chronicle, Nov. 22, 1896, in Amy Sueyoshi, “Miss Morning Glory: Orientalism and Misogyny in the Queer Writings of Yone Noguchi,” Amerasia Journal 37, no. 2 (2011), 23; Charles Warren Stoddard, “Joaquin Miller at the Heights,” National Magazine 24, no. 1 (Apr. 1906), 26; Joaquin Miller, “A Study of Japanese,” San Francisco Call, Aug. 25, 1895; Takeshi Kanno, Creation-dawn (A Vision Drama): Evening Talks and Meditations (Fruitvale, CA: Takeshi Kanno, 1913), 7–8; Adelaide Hanscom, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, trans. Edward Fitzgerald (Dodge Publishing Co., 1905), George Wharton James, review of Adelaide Hanscom’s The Rubaiyát of Omar Kháyyám, Sunset Maga- zine (Mar. 1906); http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Adelaide_Hanscom_Leeson, “How Joaquin Miller Posed for Pictures in Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat,” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Sept. 20, 1906, Canadian Bookseller and Library Journal 18, no. 1 (Mar. 1905), 32; John P. Irish, “Some Memories of Joaquin Miller,” Out West 7, no. 2 (Feb. 1914): 84-86. 1 Miller composed his popular poem “Columbus” in 1892, marking the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America; Joaquin Miller, Songs of the Soul (San Francisco: The Whitaker & Ray Company, 1896), 154–55. 2 http://www.joaquinmiller.com/1872intro. html. The symposium is scheduled for October, the exhibition for the spring; museum@mtshastamuseum.com, www. mtshastamuseum.com. 3 The poet’s birth date has been much debated. Miller authority Margaret Guilford- Kardell has settled upon 1839; e-mail message to the author, May 12, 2010. The much misstated date is only one of many fallacies that have flourished in the confused wake of the celebrity author’s elaborations and modifications. Four full-length biographies—Harr Wagner, Joaquin Miller and His Other Self (San Francisco: Wagner Publishing Company, 1929); Martin Severin Peterson, Joaquin Miller: Literary Frontiersman (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1937); M. M. Marberry, Splendid Poseur: Joaquin Miller—American Poet (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1953); and O. W. Frost, Joaquin Miller (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1967)—all contain factual errors. The section on Miller in Ray Longtin’s bibliography, Three Writers of the Far West: A Reference Guide (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1980), helps to clarify sources and dates. Margaret Guilford-Kardell and Scott McKeown’s A Joaquin Miller Chronological Bibliography and Study Guide. (http://www. joaquinmiller.com/index.html) is even more comprehensive. Guildford-Kardell’s Joaquin Miller Newsletter 1, no. 9 (Jan. 2001) through 3, no. 8 (Aug. 2008) further corrected the record. 4 Oakland, Alameda, and Berkeley City Directory (San Francisco: McKenney Directory Co., Oct. 1888), 538. 5 Miller’s children by the first two of his three producing alliances vie with each other for tragic endings. Of the two girls, according to Harr Wagner, Calla-Shasta
died of alcoholism at an early age; Maud was a failed, much-married actress. What ultimately happened to George and Harry is not recorded, but both boys—Harry more than George—served time in jail for larceny. Wagner, Joaquin Miller and His Other Self, 239. 6 Abbie’s preference for East Coast watering holes did not prevent her from enlarging her absent husband’s property by the purchase of 221 /2 contiguous acres in 1891. Information regarding this speculative purchase did not find its way into the variant of the Miller legend promoted by his and Abbie’s only child, Juanita. Consequently, with the exception of William W. Winn, “Bohemian Club Memorial,” California Historical Society Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Sept. 1953), 237, Miller biographies have uniformly credited him with buying the entire 72.5 acres. 7 The first documented use of “Poet of the Sierras” appeared while Miller was still in London in the “Personal and Literary” feature of Missouri’s St. Joseph Herald on Feb. 2, 1872. That paper, in turn, was quoting the Portland [Oregon] Herald. 8 Elodie Hogan, “An Hour with Joaquin Miller,” The Californian, Mar. 1894, Joaquin Miller Collection, H1938.1, Special Collections, Honnold/Mudd Library, Claremont University Consortium (hereafter cited as Joaquin Miller Collection). Two years after he wrote this article, Hogan (1816–1914) married the English writer Hilaire Belloc and moved to the United Kingdom. Bruce Porter is best known as the publisher of the literary journal The Lark and as the landscape designer (1915–17) of William Bourn’s Filoli in Woodside, California. 9 The Annals of the Bohemian Club: comprising text and pictures furnished by its own members (San Francisco: The Club, 1898). 10 “Society Chat,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 1, 1904. 11 Wagner, Joaquin Miller and His Other Self, 125. 12 “Oaklanders Pay an Extra Fare,” San Francisco Call, Nov. 27, 1903. Joaquin Miller, postscript fragment, n.d. (ca. Oct. 25, 1903), Joaquin Miller Collection. Fruitvale did not merge with Oakland until 1909. 13 The Students’ Pen, Nov. 1892, 11, a publication of The Rockefeller Rhetorical Society of California College, a short-lived Baptist college in neighboring Highland Park, heav- ily funded by John D. Rockefeller. Mayor John L. Davie describes the carriage ride in John L. Davie, His Honor the Buckaroo: Autobiography of John L. Davie, ed. and revised by Jack W. Herzberg (Oakland, CA: Jack Herzberg, 1988 [1931]), 192–93. 14 “Oaklanders Pay an Extra Fare,” San Francisco Call. 15 William R. Davis, “Nature and Human Nature as They Appear in Oakland and Environs,” Oakland Tribune, Jan. 1, 1888. 16 Ernest J. Moyne, “Joaquin Miller and Baroness Alexandra Gripenburg,” The Markham Review 4 (Feb. 1974), 69. 17 A modern Taylor Memorial United Methodist Church, in the same location on 12th St. in Oakland as the 1920s original, honors this heroic clergyman. Taylor wrote the highly popular Seven Years’ Street Preaching in San Francisco, California; Embracing Incidents, Triumphant Death Scenes, Etc. (New York: Carlton & Porter, 1856), http://www. taylorchurch.org/churchhistory/. 18 Besides Woodbury and Irish, the congregation included philanthropist Jane K. Sather, business leaders Phineas Marston and P. N. Remillard, of brick-manufacturing fame, and San Francisco Bulletin editor W. C. Bartlett. Charles W. Wendte, “Unitarianism,” Oakland Tribune, Jan. 1, 1888. 19 Unitarian Church of Berkeley, http:// www.uucb.org/index.php/worship/sermonarchives-and-podcasts/610-uu-mosaic-makers-what-we-make-together.html; “Notable American Unitarians 1740–1900,” http:// www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/uu_addenda/ Charles-William-Wendte.php. In 1885, Wendte co-authored, with Julia Ward Howe, Louisa M. Alcott, and others, a book of Christmas carols. The Rev. William Day Simonds wrote five books, most notably a biography of the Rev. Thomas Starr King (Starr King in California [San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company Publishers, 1917]). Perhaps even more remarkable was Simonds’ status as a pioneer commuter: by 1910 he was living with his family in Marin while preaching at the First Unitarian Church across the bay; U.S. Census Bureau, 1910 Census of Population. 20 In attendance for the charity event were Miller, Rev. John K. McLean, Ina Coolbrith, John Vance Cheney, Edwin Markham, David Lesser Lezinsky, Alexander G. Hawes, Ella Sterling Cummins, and Edmund Russell. The deceased poet was the English-born adventurer Richard Realf. Joseph Eugene Baker, ed., Past and Present of Alameda County, California (Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1914), 268–69. 21 Elbert Hubbard, So Here Then Is a Little Journey to the Home of Joaquin Miller (East Aurora, NY: The Roycrofters, 1903), 5. Hubbard founded the William Morrisinspired Roycroft community in Aurora, New York. Hubbard, who died in the sinking of the Lusitania, wrote multiple books. The title of his short story “A Message to Garcia” became a catch phrase for a heroic undertaking. For Mills, see Nelson Daniel Wilhelm, “B. Fay Mills: Revivalist, Social Reformer and Advocate of Free Religion” (PhD diss., Syracuse University, 1964). 22 “Misc.,” Daily Alta, July 17, 1887. 23 Charles J. Woodbury, Talks with Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Baker and Taylor, 1890). U.S. Census Bureau, 1880 and 1900 Census of Population. “Lectures on Emerson,” Oakland Tribune, Aug. 23, 1904; “Golden Wedding,” Oakland Tribune, Feb. 17, 1919. 24 “Joaquin Miller’s Open Letters,” # 31, Pacific States Illustrated Weekly, Dec. 15, 1888, box 8, Joaquin Miller Collection. 25 “Death Laid a Harsh Finger,” Modesto Evening News, Oct. 10, 1923. Irish died, age 80, from a fall while trying to enter a Berkeley streetcar. 26 As close as they were, Ina Coolbrith would not have confided this lifelong secret to Miller. See Josephine DeWitt Rhodehamel and Raymund Francis Wood, Ina Coolbrith, Librarian and Laureate of California (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1973), 20–21, 371–72. 27 Cincinnatus H. Miller, Joaquin, et al (Portland, OR: S. J. McCormick, 1869 [reissued in London, 1872]). Wagner, Joaquin Miller and His Other Self, 228. Joaquin Murrieta, a gold rush figure of uncertain origins, was sometimes called the “Mexican Robin Hood.” Wagner, following the demise of the Golden Era, became Miller’s business agent. His biography deals more with the Oakland years than the others and, although predictably partial, is considerably more reliable than Marberry’s Splendid Poseur. 28 The exact number of years, as the spelling of Cally’s name, varies in different accounts, but Charlotte Perkins Gilman notes her presence at Coolbrith’s twenty years on in 67
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california history volume 90 number
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Executive Director anthea hartig Ed
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collections Mexican Californiana Am
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ebellion against imperial rule into
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fate, wealthy Californios fell back
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them. In a letter written to his fa
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Sully were promptly married by the
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Alexander F. Harmer’s nineteenth-
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