Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
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In fact, a large number of women are estimated as<br />
“missing”. Women <strong>and</strong> girls dead due to neglect, denial<br />
of treatment for health, poor nutrition or neglect are<br />
estimated as close to 100 million in <strong>Asia</strong>, with China<br />
<strong>and</strong> India accounting for a majority of them. The numbers<br />
seem to be increasing in absolute terms. 9<br />
discrimination. The percentage of countries between<br />
medium to high levels of discrimination remained as<br />
high at 59 per cent in 2007, though it was a decline<br />
from the 63 per cent of 2004. In South <strong>Asia</strong>, the share of<br />
countries with high economic discrimination increased<br />
from 33 per cent to 44 per cent in the corresponding<br />
period.<br />
2.3 Economic <strong>and</strong> social rights are poor<br />
An assessment of upholding economic <strong>and</strong> social rights<br />
for women overall indicates that between 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2007,<br />
discrimination has increased in developing countries<br />
of <strong>Asia</strong>-<strong>Pacific</strong>. The percentage of countries with high<br />
discrimination in one or other category increased. In<br />
East <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Pacific</strong>, the percentage which was zero<br />
in 2004, increased to seven in respect of high economic<br />
10<br />
The social rights situation in <strong>Asia</strong>-<strong>Pacific</strong> is worse than<br />
that of economic rights, <strong>and</strong> is observed to be declining.<br />
The share of countries with high social discrimination<br />
increased overall. In South <strong>Asia</strong>, the figures increased<br />
from 33 per cent in 2004 to 56 per cent in 2007. In East<br />
<strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pacific</strong>, while the share of countries with high<br />
social discrimination increased marginally, the share with<br />
medium to high discrimination rose from 52 per cent in<br />
2004 to 62 per cent in 2007 (Figure 4). 11<br />
1.16<br />
1.14<br />
World<br />
1.10<br />
Eastern <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Europe<br />
1.12<br />
Oceania<br />
1.08<br />
India<br />
<strong>Asia</strong><br />
Sub-Saharan Africa<br />
1.06<br />
1.04<br />
Latin America <strong>and</strong><br />
the Caribbean<br />
1.02<br />
1.00<br />
1980–85 1985–1990 1990–95 1995–2000 2000–05<br />
1000.0<br />
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births)<br />
900.0<br />
1990 2005<br />
800.0<br />
700.0<br />
600.0<br />
500.0<br />
400.0<br />
300.0<br />
200.0<br />
100.0<br />
0.0<br />
East <strong>Asia</strong> &<br />
Paci�c<br />
Europe &<br />
Central <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Latin America<br />
& Caribbean<br />
Middle East &<br />
North Africa<br />
South <strong>Asia</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa World<br />
Figure 4: Discrimination in Women’s Social <strong>Rights</strong><br />
2004<br />
Developed regions<br />
2007<br />
2004<br />
East <strong>Asia</strong> & Paci�c<br />
2007<br />
Latin America<br />
& Caribbean<br />
Middle East<br />
& North Africa<br />
Source: UNDP 2010.<br />
2004<br />
2007<br />
2004<br />
2007<br />
2004<br />
South <strong>Asia</strong><br />
2007<br />
Sub-Saharan<br />
Africa<br />
8 <strong>Enforcing</strong> <strong>Rights</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Correcting</strong> <strong>Wrongs</strong><br />
Cambodia<br />
China<br />
Indonesia<br />
High<br />
Medium Low Negligible<br />
10.5% 10.5%<br />
57.9% 21%<br />
7.4% 18.5% 74%<br />
20% 32% 32% 16%<br />
23.1%<br />
38.5%<br />
34.6%<br />
9.4% 15.6% 53.1% 22%<br />
6.9%<br />
34.5%<br />
41.4%<br />
17%<br />
75% 12.5% 12.5%<br />
87.5%<br />
12.5%<br />
33% 55.6% 11.1%<br />
55.6%<br />
33.3%<br />
11.1%<br />
2004<br />
40.4% 48.9% 10.6%<br />
2007<br />
42.6%<br />
48.9%<br />
8.5%<br />
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%<br />
4%