Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
Enforcing Rights and Correcting Wrongs - Asia-Pacific Regional ...
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1.00<br />
0.80<br />
0.90<br />
0.70<br />
0.80<br />
0.60<br />
0.70<br />
0.50<br />
0.60<br />
0.40<br />
0.50<br />
0.30<br />
2.2 The male-female survival gap is<br />
high <strong>and</strong> growing<br />
average of 107 boys for every 100 girls (2000–2005), East<br />
<strong>Asia</strong> has the highest male-female sex ratio at birth of 119<br />
boys for every 100 girls. In contrast, Sub Saharan Africa<br />
has the lowest sex ratio at birth.<br />
0.40 Gender inequality can begin even before birth. The strong<br />
0.20 preference for a male child combined with technological Pregnancy <strong>and</strong> childbirth, which should be normal<br />
0.30 advances in fertility control has meant that, not only biological processes for the human species, can be life<br />
0.10<br />
are far more boys than girls born in <strong>Asia</strong> as a whole as threatening to women. Maternal mortality risks are high.<br />
0.20<br />
0.00 compared with the rest of the world, but also that the More so in South <strong>Asia</strong> than elsewhere, more women die in<br />
0.10<br />
Ratio difference of F/M life is widening Ratio (Figure of F/M 2). adult China literacy <strong>and</strong> India, Ratio two of F/M of secondary childbirth Ratio – 500 of F/M foradult every labor 100,000 force live Ratio births of F/M proportion (Figure 3). of<br />
expectancy at birth, 2007<br />
rate, 2007<br />
enrollment rate, 2006 participation rate, 2007 seats held in national<br />
the world’s fastest growing <strong>and</strong> most populous countries, The only exception is Sub-Saharan Africa parliaments, where 2008 the<br />
0.00 seem to influence this trend. Compared with the world maternal mortality ratio was higher in 2005.<br />
Ratio of F/M life<br />
expectancy at birth, 2007<br />
Ratio of F/M adult literacy<br />
rate, 2007<br />
Ratio of F/M secondary<br />
enrollment rate, 2006<br />
Ratio of F/M adult labor force<br />
participation rate, 2007<br />
Ratio of F/M proportion of<br />
seats held in national<br />
parliaments, 2008<br />
Figure 2: More Boys are Born than Girls: Male-to-Female Sex Ratio at Birth,<br />
1980–85 to 2000–05<br />
1.22<br />
1.20<br />
1.18<br />
1.22<br />
1.16<br />
1.20<br />
1.14<br />
1.18<br />
1.10<br />
1.16<br />
China<br />
World<br />
Eastern <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Europe<br />
1.12<br />
1.14<br />
1.08<br />
1.10<br />
1.06<br />
1.12<br />
1.04<br />
1.08<br />
1.02<br />
1.06<br />
1.00<br />
1.04 1980–85 1985–1990 1990–95 1995–2000<br />
India<br />
India<br />
2000–05<br />
Oceania<br />
World<br />
<strong>Asia</strong><br />
Eastern <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Sub-Saharan Africa<br />
Europe<br />
Latin America <strong>and</strong><br />
the Oceania Caribbean<br />
<strong>Asia</strong><br />
Sub-Saharan Africa<br />
Latin America <strong>and</strong><br />
the Caribbean<br />
1.02 Source: UNDP 2010.<br />
1000.0 1.00 Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births)<br />
900.0 1980–85 1985–1990 1990–95 1995–2000<br />
Figure 3: High 1990 Risks of Dying 2005 in Childbirth in South <strong>Asia</strong><br />
800.0<br />
1000.0<br />
700.0 Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births)<br />
900.0<br />
600.0<br />
1990 2005<br />
800.0<br />
500.0<br />
700.0<br />
400.0<br />
600.0<br />
300.0<br />
500.0<br />
200.0<br />
400.0<br />
100.0<br />
300.0<br />
0.0<br />
200.0 East <strong>Asia</strong> & Europe & Latin America Middle East & South <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Paci�c Central <strong>Asia</strong> & Caribbean North Africa<br />
100.0<br />
0.0<br />
2000–05<br />
Sub-Saharan Africa World<br />
East <strong>Asia</strong> &<br />
Paci�c<br />
Source: UNDP 2010.<br />
Europe &<br />
Central <strong>Asia</strong><br />
Latin America<br />
& Caribbean<br />
Middle East &<br />
North Africa<br />
South <strong>Asia</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa World<br />
High Medium Low Negligible<br />
2. Assessing Gender Gaps: Snapshots From <strong>Asia</strong>-<strong>Pacific</strong><br />
2004 10.5% 10.5% High Medium 57.9% Low Negligible<br />
21%<br />
Developed regions<br />
China<br />
7