April 2011 - Centre for Civil Society - University of KwaZulu-Natal
April 2011 - Centre for Civil Society - University of KwaZulu-Natal April 2011 - Centre for Civil Society - University of KwaZulu-Natal
As for Saif, said Halliday, “in Libya, as in such states as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran the primary function of such liberal elements is not to produce change, but to reach compromises with internal hard-liners that serve to lessen external pressure.” This is how Saif’s use and abuse of doctoral-thesis civil societyism can best be understood: as a momentary compromise with Libyan barbarism that, now scratched by an emancipatory potential, has quickly shed both liberal skin and London dupes. (Patrick Bond is based at the UKZN Centre for Civil Society.) Ngenkathi imiphakathi isetshenziswa ukuvikela ukubuswa ngobulwane NguPatrick Bond Yahunyushwa nguFaith ka-Manzi Uma siyakukholwa okushiwo yisikhohlakali sendodana kaMuammar Gaddafi uSaif sizobona ukucitheka kwegazi eBenghazi, eLibya okungenza ukubulala ngesihluku okade kwenziwa ngondlovuyangena abakade bebulala ngesihluku baseMiddle East kufane nokuthi kade begida ndawonye. Okungedlula ngisho ukubulawa ngamaIsrael kwezakhamizi zaseGaza eziyikhulu namakhulu amane eminyakeni emibili edlule. (noma-ke lokho kungeke kufike ekucisheni kuqedwe isizwe saseIraq bgebezombutho wempi baseMelika okubalelwa esigidini sezakhamizi esafa mgokuhlaselwa yiWashington okungekho emthethweni mgonyaka ka2003 ngokuchaza kweThe Lancelot, iphephabhuku lezempilo. Ukuhlasela kombuso waseLibya izakhamizi zawo, kusazoqhubeka kakhulu njengokusho kukaSaif ngeSonto: “Izwe lethu leli, asoze, nhlobo siliyekelele futhi sigobele intando yeningi. Izwe lethu leli. Sizolwa laeLibya, sizofela khona laeLibya.” Amakhulukhulua abantu baseLibya vele sebeyafa ngenxa yesinqumo vele esikhishwe nguGaddafi, futhi ezinye izikhali zombuthano wempi yakhe ngazalapha eNingizimu Afrika. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imboni ephethwe nguhulumeni iDenel ibilokhu idayiselwa iLibya zikhali zokuchitha imiphefmulo eminingi yabantu, lokho futhi bebekwenza bexhaswa ngusihlalo wekomidi leNational Conventional Arms Control, uJeff Radebe. Iphephabhuku eligunyaziwe leDenel langoJune ka2009, iInsights, laqhosha lathi, “ngenxa okuthi sihlale sikhombisa ngezikhali zethu njengama40mm AGL, izibhamu ama NTW-20, SS77 kanye nezibhamu zemishini, amamissiles, kanye nokugcinwa kweizindizamshini kanye namabhomu agqitshwayo, iDenel isiqalile izinkulumo zenkotileka kanye neLibya. Izivunguvungu ezinothuli zenza kubenzima ukubona abantu ofuna ukubadubula uma bezama ukubaleka ukuza baphepha, kodwa umbutho wezempi kaGaddafi uzojabulela ukusebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlabeni zakwaDenel amaRooivlak lokho bekwenza kanye nabanye ondlovuyangena abaphazanyiswe yingozi yabalwela intando yeningi. Ngokusho kwesinye isikhulu esiphezu sakwaDenele Aviation, uIsmail Dockrat etshela iDefenseWeb.co.za ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo lokuyodayisa izikhali ngo2009 eTripoli wathi, “Sibone kunesidingo ukuthi eNyakatho Afrika kanye naseMiddle East kube izimakethe lapho uDenel Aviation angadayisa imikhiqizo yakhe.” Abanye futhi abathole izigidigidi zamadola kaoyela ngokuxhasa uGaddafi abaculi oMariah Carey, Beyonce Knowles kanye noNelly Rutando, lokhu
okuvezwe ngenyanga edlule kwiWikiLeaks. Futhi amahotela aphambili aseSandton iMichaelangelo kanye neRadisson Blu ingxenye yawo abanikazi bawo iLibyan Investment Authority, okuyinkampani eyaqalwa nguSaif ngo2006. Ngokusho komphathi waseMichaelangelo uBart Dorrestein ukuzwana kwabo nabaseLibya sekwenze lelihotela “laxwaya ngabaningi futhi lehlisa izinga lokusebenza ngokuzinikela kwabasenzi behotela.” Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngeLibyan School of Economics, ekade yaziwa njengeLondon School of Economics, futhi manje iqiniso seliphumele obala ngokuthi uSaif walikopela, futhi walibhalelwa ijazi lakhe loudokotela elingazange lihlolwe. Lomsebenzi owakotshelwa, ngokusho kukaRobert Sparling waseMcGill University, “lokhukwenza abantu bangabi nacho ukukhululeka ngoba kwenza iLondon School of Economics ibukeke iyisikole esiluthekile kunokuba sibukeke njengesikole esibe nesimilo sokukhohlakala. Izikhungo eziningi vele zinecala lokudayisela izicebi kanye namanamandla, njengoba kwenzeka nje kwesami isikhungo iUniversity yakwaZulu-Natal, esibonakala sengathi umshayeli waso ulele kwezithinta ezezifundiswa. Sizokhum,bula-nje ukuthi ngo2003, umnyango wethu wezobunjiniyela (Mechanical Engineering Department) eyanikeza ijazi lezobudokotela komunye wabadayisi abahamba phambili bezikhali waseNingizimu Afrika uChippy Shaik, okunguyena owenza kuthengwe izikhali zamabhiliyoni angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu (R65 Billion) okwadala ukubola kakhulu kwezombusazwe, okuhlanhaniswa nemali yenkohlakalo enguR21 wezigidi owanikwa umndeni wakwaShaik yinkampani yaseJalimani, iThyssen, njengoba kwavela ngenyanga kaSeptemba wonyaka odlule. Emva kokuba sekuqhamuke izinsolo ngokutholakala kwejazi lezobudokotela likaShaik ukuthi lalitholakale ngombhalo “onenkohlakalo ogcwele amaphutha, fuhti ongenaziqinisekiso nokusekelwa kwamaformula ayebhala ngawo kanye nokubhalwa ngobudedengu kolimi nokungafezi ukuthi ulwazi wayelucoshelaphi” – ngokusho kweMail&Guardian, ngokusizwa ngomunye wabahwebi bezikhali naye owavezela abezndaba loludaba Urichard Young – lelijazi lobudokotela kwafanele libuyiselwe emuva “ngba umbhalo walo wawukotshelwe kakhulu.” Ukuphellelwa isithunzi kweLondon School of Economics kuyingxenye yemaili yenkontileka yezigidi ezimbili zamapounds zokuqeqesha izisebenzi zikaGaddafi kwathi futhi kwiCentre for the Study of Global Governance, ngoJulayi ka2009 iFoundation kaSaif I International Charity and Development Foundation yanikela ngamapounds ayizigidi ezingu1.5. Ingenkathi lapho futhi owayengumqondisi weLondon School of Economics uDavid Held owayehleli ebhodini leGICDF ngoJuni ka2009 lapho wathi, “USaif ngimazi njengomuntu ohlale lwela intando yeningi emiphakathini futhi okuyikhona okumgqugquzelayo.” “uHeld unomlando wokuziba izinga lezemfundo ukuze akwazi ukusondelana nabantu abangababusi,’ njengokusho kukaErik Ringmar, okumanje usezinze eSangai Jiaotong University kodwa owasebenza naye kusukela ngo2001 kuya ku2007. “Ngangifakwa ingcindezi enganasidingo ukuthi ngenze izinto enganizibona ukuthi azinabo ubulungiswa. Izimo ezifana nalezi zijwalekile ukwenzeka eLondon School of Economics.” Iphepandaba langesonto lasedolobheni iLondon lisanda kubika ukuthi, “izikhulu ezihola iLondon School of Economics zazenza ihlaya lokuthi zithole imali yomnikelo evala kuSaif engakahlolelwa ngisho ukuhlolelwa ijazi lakhe lezobudokotela. Osolwazi abangaphansana ngokwezikhundla
- Page 61 and 62: a meeting with him at the US embass
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okuvezwe ngenyanga edlule kwiWikiLeaks.<br />
Futhi amahotela aphambili aseSandton iMichaelangelo kanye neRadisson<br />
Blu ingxenye yawo abanikazi bawo iLibyan Investment Authority,<br />
okuyinkampani eyaqalwa nguSaif ngo2006. Ngokusho komphathi<br />
waseMichaelangelo uBart Dorrestein ukuzwana kwabo nabaseLibya<br />
sekwenze lelihotela “laxwaya ngabaningi futhi lehlisa izinga lokusebenza<br />
ngokuzinikela kwabasenzi behotela.”<br />
Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngeLibyan School <strong>of</strong> Economics, ekade yaziwa<br />
njengeLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics, futhi manje iqiniso seliphumele obala<br />
ngokuthi uSaif walikopela, futhi walibhalelwa ijazi lakhe loudokotela<br />
elingazange lihlolwe. Lomsebenzi owakotshelwa, ngokusho kukaRobert<br />
Sparling waseMcGill <strong>University</strong>, “lokhukwenza abantu bangabi nacho<br />
ukukhululeka ngoba kwenza iLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics ibukeke iyisikole<br />
esiluthekile kunokuba sibukeke njengesikole esibe nesimilo<br />
sokukhohlakala.<br />
Izikhungo eziningi vele zinecala lokudayisela izicebi kanye namanamandla,<br />
njengoba kwenzeka nje kwesami isikhungo i<strong>University</strong> yakwaZulu-<strong>Natal</strong>,<br />
esibonakala sengathi umshayeli waso ulele kwezithinta ezezifundiswa.<br />
Sizokhum,bula-nje ukuthi ngo2003, umnyango wethu wezobunjiniyela<br />
(Mechanical Engineering Department) eyanikeza ijazi lezobudokotela<br />
komunye wabadayisi abahamba phambili bezikhali waseNingizimu Afrika<br />
uChippy Shaik, okunguyena owenza kuthengwe izikhali zamabhiliyoni<br />
angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu (R65 Billion) okwadala ukubola kakhulu<br />
kwezombusazwe, okuhlanhaniswa nemali yenkohlakalo enguR21 wezigidi<br />
owanikwa umndeni wakwaShaik yinkampani yaseJalimani, iThyssen,<br />
njengoba kwavela ngenyanga kaSeptemba wonyaka odlule.<br />
Emva kokuba sekuqhamuke izinsolo ngokutholakala kwejazi lezobudokotela<br />
likaShaik ukuthi lalitholakale ngombhalo “onenkohlakalo ogcwele<br />
amaphutha, fuhti ongenaziqinisekiso nokusekelwa kwama<strong>for</strong>mula ayebhala<br />
ngawo kanye nokubhalwa ngobudedengu kolimi nokungafezi ukuthi ulwazi<br />
wayelucoshelaphi” – ngokusho kweMail&Guardian, ngokusizwa ngomunye<br />
wabahwebi bezikhali naye owavezela abezndaba loludaba Urichard Young –<br />
lelijazi lobudokotela kwafanele libuyiselwe emuva “ngba umbhalo walo<br />
wawukotshelwe kakhulu.”<br />
Ukuphellelwa isithunzi kweLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics kuyingxenye<br />
yemaili yenkontileka yezigidi ezimbili zamapounds zokuqeqesha izisebenzi<br />
zikaGaddafi kwathi futhi kwi<strong>Centre</strong> <strong>for</strong> the Study <strong>of</strong> Global Governance,<br />
ngoJulayi ka2009 iFoundation kaSaif I International Charity and<br />
Development Foundation yanikela ngamapounds ayizigidi ezingu1.5.<br />
Ingenkathi lapho futhi owayengumqondisi weLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics<br />
uDavid Held owayehleli ebhodini leGICDF ngoJuni ka2009 lapho wathi,<br />
“USaif ngimazi njengomuntu ohlale lwela intando yeningi emiphakathini<br />
futhi okuyikhona okumgqugquzelayo.”<br />
“uHeld unomlando wokuziba izinga lezemfundo ukuze akwazi ukusondelana<br />
nabantu abangababusi,’ njengokusho kukaErik Ringmar, okumanje usezinze<br />
eSangai Jiaotong <strong>University</strong> kodwa owasebenza naye kusukela ngo2001<br />
kuya ku2007. “Ngangifakwa ingcindezi enganasidingo ukuthi ngenze izinto<br />
enganizibona ukuthi azinabo ubulungiswa. Izimo ezifana nalezi zijwalekile<br />
ukwenzeka eLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics.”<br />
Iphepandaba langesonto lasedolobheni iLondon lisanda kubika ukuthi,<br />
“izikhulu ezihola iLondon School <strong>of</strong> Economics zazenza ihlaya lokuthi<br />
zithole imali yomnikelo evala kuSaif engakahlolelwa ngisho ukuhlolelwa<br />
ijazi lakhe lezobudokotela. Osolwazi abangaphansana ngokwezikhundla
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