368 Index Mycophenolic acid, 18, 219, 222 Mycotoxigenic fungi correct identification, 40 reference cultures, 40 Mycotox<strong>in</strong>s confirmation procedures, 41–42 <strong>in</strong> apples and cherries, 147 <strong>in</strong> cereals, 146 production conditions, 41 significant, 23 Naphtho-γ-pyrones, 147 Neopetromyces muricatus, ochratox<strong>in</strong> production by, 322–324 Neosartorya spp., 107, 110, 247 fischeri, 10, 240–241, 243–245, 258 heat activation, 257-258 heat resistance, 248 <strong>in</strong>activation by high pressure, 241, 243–245 pseudofischeri, heat resistance, 248 Nephrotoxic glycopeptodes, 146, 147 Nivalenol, 14, 15, 128, 131 analysis for, 126 production by Fusarium culmorum, 129, 133 Ochratox<strong>in</strong> A, 8–9, 18, 40, 146, 147, 150, 154, 160, 165– 167, 173, 174, 181–188 analysis, 160–161, 182–183 control <strong>in</strong> coffee, 199 effect of w<strong>in</strong>emak<strong>in</strong>g, 159–160, 165–167 fungi produc<strong>in</strong>g, 34, 179, 322–324 <strong>in</strong> barley, 142 <strong>in</strong> cereals and products monitor<strong>in</strong>g, 329–330 prevention, 317–322, 325–328 reduction dur<strong>in</strong>g process<strong>in</strong>g, 330–332 <strong>in</strong> coffee, 189–202 <strong>in</strong> dried fruit, 181–188 <strong>in</strong> grapes, 154–155 <strong>in</strong> raw coffee, 189 <strong>in</strong> roasted coffee, 199 <strong>in</strong> salami, 9, 18 <strong>in</strong> soluble coffee, 193 <strong>in</strong>correct species, 36 Ochratox<strong>in</strong> (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued) <strong>in</strong>take from coffee, 198–199 legislation <strong>in</strong> EC, 318 limits for, <strong>in</strong> coffee, 189 provisional tolerable daily <strong>in</strong>take, 198–199 removal, 155 Olives aflatox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 203–204 citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>, 204 fungi <strong>in</strong>, 203–210 mycotox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 203–210 production of, 204–205 Onyalai 22 Paecilomyces dactyloerythromorphus, 214, 217, 218, 220–222 fumoroseus, 12 maximus, 214, 220, 222 variotii, 107, 218, 222 taxonomy of, 152 Patul<strong>in</strong>, 18–19, 40, 137, 146–148, 150, 207, 219 <strong>in</strong> apple juice, 137 <strong>in</strong> olives, 207 <strong>in</strong>correct species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 37 species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 37 PCR, <strong>in</strong> yeast identification, 71–95 PCR, real time, 79 PCR-based f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, for yeasts, 80–86 PCR-ELISA, 78 PDA, 51, 212 355 Peanuts, aflatox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 5, 225 cyclopiazonic acid <strong>in</strong>, 225 Penicillic acid, 19, 38, 40, 146, 147, 207 <strong>in</strong> olives, 207 Penicill<strong>in</strong>, 33 Penicillium <strong>in</strong> apples, 142 <strong>in</strong> barley seed, 142 series Viridicata, 19, 21 tox<strong>in</strong>s, 16–22 albocoremium, 20 allii, 20 atramentosum, 20 atrovenetum, 8
Index 369 Penicillium (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued) aurantiogriseum, 19, 21, 143, 145, 147, 149 brasilianum, 10 brevicompactum, 18, 176, 207 camemberti, 17 carneum, 18, 19, 20, 147 casei, 9,18 chrysogenum, 8, 20, 149, 176 citreonigrum, 17 citr<strong>in</strong>um, 17, 176, 204, 207, 208 clavigerum, 19, 20 commune, 17, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 230 effect of antifungals, 309–313 concentricum, 19, 21 confertum, 21 coprobium, 19, 21 coprophilum, 21 crateriforme, 21 crustosum, 20, 21, 142, 144, 147, 206, 207 cyclopium, 8, 19, 22, 143, 145, 149 digitatum, 207 dipodomycola, 17 discolour, 16 expansum, 16–18, 20, 142, 144, 147, 150, 204 effect of high pressure process<strong>in</strong>g, 240–243, 245 fagi, 18 flavigerum, 21 formosanum, 19 freii, 22, 145, 147, 149 glabrum, 176 glandicola, 19–21 griseofulvum, 17, 19, 20 hirsutum, 20 hordei, 20, 143, 145, 147 islandicum, 17 janczewskii, 20 janth<strong>in</strong>ellum, 22 lilac<strong>in</strong>oech<strong>in</strong>ulatum, 7 mang<strong>in</strong>ii, 17 mariaecrucis, 22 mar<strong>in</strong>um, 16, 19, 21 melanoconidium, 19–22, 145, 147 mel<strong>in</strong>ii, 19 miczynskii, 17 mononematosum, 10 Penicillium (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued) nordicum ochratox<strong>in</strong> production by, 9, 18, 322–324 novae-zeelandiae, 19 odoratum, 17 oxalicum, 21 palitans, 17 paneum, 19, 20 persic<strong>in</strong>um, 21 polonicum, 19, 21, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149 radicicola, 17, 19, 20 roqueforti, 206, 207 effect of antifungals, 309–313 <strong>in</strong> olives, 206–207 measurement of growth, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59–61, mycophenolic acid, 18 PR tox<strong>in</strong>, 20 roquefot<strong>in</strong>e C, 20 sclerotigenum, 20 sclerotiorum, 176 smithii, 17 solitum, 144, 207 thomii, 176 tricolor, 22 tulipae, 19, 20 venetum, 20 verrucosum, 130, 176 citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong> production by, 17, 204, effect of antifungals, 309–312 <strong>in</strong> cereals, 143, 145, 147, 149, 173, ochratox<strong>in</strong> production by, 9, 18, 181, 322–324 physiology and ochratox<strong>in</strong> production, 324–325 selective medium for, 346, 353 viridicatum, 22, 145, 147, 206, 206, 346 selective medium for, 346 vulp<strong>in</strong>um, 19, 21 westl<strong>in</strong>gii, 17 Penitrem A, 20, 40, 146, 147 <strong>in</strong>correct species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 37 species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 37 Petromyces albertensis, 9 Petromyces alliaceus, 9 ochratox<strong>in</strong> production by, 322–324 PFGE, 80
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Advances in Food Mycology
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Advances in Food Mycology Edited by
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FOREWORD This book represents the P
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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Contents ix Mycobiota, mycotoxigeni
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CONTRIBUTORS M. Lourdes Abarca, Dep
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Contributors xiii Dilek Heperkan, I
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Section 1. Understanding the fungi
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4 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Furthermor
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6 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Table 1. M
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8 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sour
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10 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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12 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.4. Cycl
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14 Jens C. Frisvad et al. and poult
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16 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.9. Zear
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18 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.5. Myco
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20 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.9. Peni
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22 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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24 Jens C. Frisvad et al. only occu
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26 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 1977, Myc
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28 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Kamyar, M
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30 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Pitt, J.
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RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE CHRO
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Section 2. Media and method develop
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50 M. H. Taniwaki et al. the counti
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52 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Table 1. O
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54 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 60 column
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56 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.2. Growt
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58 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.4. Estim
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60 M. H. Taniwaki et al. lowest; ab
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62 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 4. DISCUSS
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64 M. H. Taniwaki et al. viable cou
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66 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Brancato,
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EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR METHODS FOR
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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STANDARDIZATION OF METHODS FOR DETE
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUMONISIN PRODUCER
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUSARIUM CULMORUM
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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FOOD-BORNE FUNGI IN FRUIT AND CEREA
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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BLACK ASPERGILLUS SPECIES IN AUSTRA
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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174 Marta Bau et al. sporadically i
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176 Marta Bau et al. Table 1. Occur
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178 Marta Bau et al. Table 2. Ochra
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FUNGI PRODUCING OCHRATOXIN IN DRIED
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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AN UPDATE ON OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI A
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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MYCOBIOTA, MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI, AND
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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BYSSOCHLAMYS: SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAT
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY AND TEMPER
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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INACTIVATION OF FRUIT SPOILAGE YEAS
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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ACTIVATION OF ASCOSPORES BY NOVEL F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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MIXTURES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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PROBABILISTIC MODELLING OF ASPERGIL
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOURDOUGH BR
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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- Page 354 and 355: APPENDIX 1 - MEDIA All media are st
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- Page 366 and 367: 362 Index Antifungal agents (Contin
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