364 Index Cellulase, from F. culmorum, 133–134 Cereals citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>, 17 cyclopiazonic acid <strong>in</strong>, 17 fungi <strong>in</strong>, 137–150 Fusarium tox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 30 mycotox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 23 ochratox<strong>in</strong> A <strong>in</strong>, 9 Chaetoglobos<strong>in</strong>s, 16, 146–148 Chaetomium globosum, 16 Chardonnay grapes, Aspergillus carbonarius on, 163–165 Cheese, mycophenolic acid <strong>in</strong>, 18 Chemilum<strong>in</strong>escent <strong>in</strong> situ hybridisation, 75, 78 Cherries, Antibiotic Y <strong>in</strong>, 11 fungi <strong>in</strong>, 137, 143 Cherry flowers, fungi <strong>in</strong>, 137 Chit<strong>in</strong>, 50 C<strong>in</strong>namon, antimicrobial activity, 263, 267–282 effect on aflatox<strong>in</strong> production, 263 CISH, 75, 78 Citeromyces spp., 73 Citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>, 17, 23, 40, 146, 147, 203–208 analysis, 205–206 <strong>in</strong> olives, 204–209 <strong>in</strong>correct species, 36 LD 50 , 204 species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 36 Citroevirid<strong>in</strong>, 16–17 Cladosporium, <strong>in</strong> fruit and gra<strong>in</strong>, 141–145, 149 Claviceps spp., tox<strong>in</strong>s, 22 paspali, 22 purpurea, 21, 22 Clavispora opuntiae, 74 CMA, 212, 349 Coconut cream agar (CCA), for ochratox<strong>in</strong> screen<strong>in</strong>g, 158 Coffee beans, mycotoxigenic fungi <strong>in</strong>, 22 Coffee control of ochratox<strong>in</strong> A <strong>in</strong>, 199 dehull<strong>in</strong>g, 195 dry<strong>in</strong>g, 194–195 ochratoxigenic fungi <strong>in</strong>, 190 ochratox<strong>in</strong> A <strong>in</strong>, 9, 189–202 Coffee (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued) penicillic acid <strong>in</strong>, 28 production and process<strong>in</strong>g, 193–198 roast<strong>in</strong>g, 197 effect on ochratox<strong>in</strong> A, 197–198 storage, 196 Colony diameter, 50, 51, 52, 56, 57, 59 Communes<strong>in</strong>s, 147 Cornmeal agar (CMA), 212, 349 Cottonseed, aflatox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>, 5 CPA, see Cyclopiazonic acid Creat<strong>in</strong>e sucrose agar (CREA), 139, 212, 350 Cryptococcus laurentii, 81 neoformans, 79, 81 Culmor<strong>in</strong>, 11, 146, 147 Culture collections, 41 CY20S, see Czapek Yeast Extract 20% sucrose agar Cyclic peptides, 12 Cyclic pept<strong>in</strong>es, 17 Cyclic trichothecenes, 23 Cyclochlorot<strong>in</strong>e, 17 Cyclopiazonic acid, 5–6, 17, 40, 146, 147, 225–233 analysis, 228 co-occurrence with aflatox<strong>in</strong>, 225, 226 effects of a w on production, 225–233 effects of temperature on production, 225–233 <strong>in</strong> peanuts, 225–233 <strong>in</strong>correct species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 37, 38 production by Aspergillus flavus, 225–233 production by Penicillium commune, 230 species produc<strong>in</strong>g, 36 Cytochalas<strong>in</strong> E, 7 Czapek concentrate, 350 Czapek Dox agar, 139, 350 Czapek Iprodione Dichloran agar (CZID), 138, 346, 351– 352 Czapek trace metal solution, 350 Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA), 42, 212, 351 Czapek Yeast Extract 20% sucrose agar (CY20S), 51
Index 365 Czapek Yeast Extract agar (CYA), 51, 139, 175 D1/D2 doma<strong>in</strong>, 71, 73 DAS, 15 Debaryomyces, 73 hansenii, 78, 81, 82 Decimal reduction time, 247 Dekkera, 73, 79 anomala, 83 bruxellensis, 78, 83 Deoxynivalenol, 14, 128, 130, 132–133, 150 analysis for, 126 production by Fusarium culmorum, 128, 131, 132–133 DG18, see Dichloran 18% glycerol agar DGGE, for yeast, 86–90 Diacetoxyscirpenol, 12, 15 Dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), 138, 182, 345 Dichloran Chloramphenicol Peptone agar (DCPA), 346 Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC), 174, 175 Dichloran Rose Bengal Yeast Extract sucrose agar (DRYES), 138–139, 346 Diluents, 344, 346 Dilution plat<strong>in</strong>g, 343–347 Direct plat<strong>in</strong>g, 344 Dot blot, 75, 78 DRBC, see Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar DRYES, see Dichloran Rose Bengal Yeast Extract sucrose agar Ear blight, Fusarium, 123, 124 Emericella astellata, 6, 176 nidulans, 176 variecolor, 176 venezeulensis, 6 Emod<strong>in</strong>, 219 Enniat<strong>in</strong>s, 12, 146, 147 Enzyme activity, 126 Enzymes, from Fusarium culmorum, 132–134 fungal, 124 analysis for, 126–127 Epicoccum nigrum, 144, 145 Equ<strong>in</strong>e mycotoxicoses, 23 Ergosterol, 50, 51, 57, 58, 62–65 and hyphal length, 51, 62–65 and mycelium dry weight, 61, 62–65 assay, 52–53 validation, 55 Ergot alkaloids, 22 Essential oils, effect on fumonis<strong>in</strong> production, 118 Eugenol, antimicrobial activity, 263 aga<strong>in</strong>st Aspergillus flavus, 269–276 Eupenicillium spp., 110 c<strong>in</strong>namopurpureum, 17 Eurotium <strong>in</strong> barley and wheat, 142–146 amstelodami, 176 chevalieri, 51, 52, 54–56, 58–61, 64, 248 heat resistance, 248 Eurotium herbariorum, heat resistance, 248 Eurotium repens, ascospore activation, 255 Facial eczema, 23 Fescue foot, 11 Figs fungi <strong>in</strong> dried, 182, 184 ochratox<strong>in</strong> A <strong>in</strong>, 9, 184, 185 F<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, 85–86 Fruit, fungi <strong>in</strong>, 137–150 Fumitremorg<strong>in</strong>s, 10 Fumonis<strong>in</strong>s, 13, 115, 128, 150 <strong>in</strong> maize, 116 Fungal growth colony form<strong>in</strong>g units, 50 comparison of methods, 57–58, 59 measurement of, 65 Fungicides for Fusarium control, 124 on apples and cherries, 138, 142, 149 on grapes, 168 Fusaprolifer<strong>in</strong>, 13
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Advances in Food Mycology
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Advances in Food Mycology Edited by
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FOREWORD This book represents the P
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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Contents ix Mycobiota, mycotoxigeni
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CONTRIBUTORS M. Lourdes Abarca, Dep
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Contributors xiii Dilek Heperkan, I
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Section 1. Understanding the fungi
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4 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Furthermor
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6 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Table 1. M
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8 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sour
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10 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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12 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.4. Cycl
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14 Jens C. Frisvad et al. and poult
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16 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.9. Zear
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18 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.5. Myco
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20 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.9. Peni
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22 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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24 Jens C. Frisvad et al. only occu
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26 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 1977, Myc
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28 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Kamyar, M
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30 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Pitt, J.
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RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE CHRO
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Section 2. Media and method develop
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50 M. H. Taniwaki et al. the counti
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52 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Table 1. O
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54 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 60 column
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56 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.2. Growt
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58 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.4. Estim
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60 M. H. Taniwaki et al. lowest; ab
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62 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 4. DISCUSS
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64 M. H. Taniwaki et al. viable cou
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66 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Brancato,
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EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR METHODS FOR
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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STANDARDIZATION OF METHODS FOR DETE
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUMONISIN PRODUCER
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUSARIUM CULMORUM
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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FOOD-BORNE FUNGI IN FRUIT AND CEREA
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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BLACK ASPERGILLUS SPECIES IN AUSTRA
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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174 Marta Bau et al. sporadically i
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176 Marta Bau et al. Table 1. Occur
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178 Marta Bau et al. Table 2. Ochra
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FUNGI PRODUCING OCHRATOXIN IN DRIED
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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AN UPDATE ON OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI A
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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MYCOBIOTA, MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI, AND
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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BYSSOCHLAMYS: SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAT
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY AND TEMPER
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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INACTIVATION OF FRUIT SPOILAGE YEAS
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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ACTIVATION OF ASCOSPORES BY NOVEL F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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MIXTURES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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PROBABILISTIC MODELLING OF ASPERGIL
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOURDOUGH BR
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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- Page 354 and 355: APPENDIX 1 - MEDIA All media are st
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- Page 364 and 365: Appendix 2 - International Commissi
- Page 366 and 367: 362 Index Antifungal agents (Contin
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