Advances in Food Mycology

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364 Index Cellulase, from F. culmorum, 133–134 Cereals citrinin in, 17 cyclopiazonic acid in, 17 fungi in, 137–150 Fusarium toxins in, 30 mycotoxins in, 23 ochratoxin A in, 9 Chaetoglobosins, 16, 146–148 Chaetomium globosum, 16 Chardonnay grapes, Aspergillus carbonarius on, 163–165 Cheese, mycophenolic acid in, 18 Chemiluminescent in situ hybridisation, 75, 78 Cherries, Antibiotic Y in, 11 fungi in, 137, 143 Cherry flowers, fungi in, 137 Chitin, 50 Cinnamon, antimicrobial activity, 263, 267–282 effect on aflatoxin production, 263 CISH, 75, 78 Citeromyces spp., 73 Citrinin, 17, 23, 40, 146, 147, 203–208 analysis, 205–206 in olives, 204–209 incorrect species, 36 LD 50 , 204 species producing, 36 Citroeviridin, 16–17 Cladosporium, in fruit and grain, 141–145, 149 Claviceps spp., toxins, 22 paspali, 22 purpurea, 21, 22 Clavispora opuntiae, 74 CMA, 212, 349 Coconut cream agar (CCA), for ochratoxin screening, 158 Coffee beans, mycotoxigenic fungi in, 22 Coffee control of ochratoxin A in, 199 dehulling, 195 drying, 194–195 ochratoxigenic fungi in, 190 ochratoxin A in, 9, 189–202 Coffee (Continued) penicillic acid in, 28 production and processing, 193–198 roasting, 197 effect on ochratoxin A, 197–198 storage, 196 Colony diameter, 50, 51, 52, 56, 57, 59 Communesins, 147 Cornmeal agar (CMA), 212, 349 Cottonseed, aflatoxins in, 5 CPA, see Cyclopiazonic acid Creatine sucrose agar (CREA), 139, 212, 350 Cryptococcus laurentii, 81 neoformans, 79, 81 Culmorin, 11, 146, 147 Culture collections, 41 CY20S, see Czapek Yeast Extract 20% sucrose agar Cyclic peptides, 12 Cyclic peptines, 17 Cyclic trichothecenes, 23 Cyclochlorotine, 17 Cyclopiazonic acid, 5–6, 17, 40, 146, 147, 225–233 analysis, 228 co-occurrence with aflatoxin, 225, 226 effects of a w on production, 225–233 effects of temperature on production, 225–233 in peanuts, 225–233 incorrect species producing, 37, 38 production by Aspergillus flavus, 225–233 production by Penicillium commune, 230 species producing, 36 Cytochalasin E, 7 Czapek concentrate, 350 Czapek Dox agar, 139, 350 Czapek Iprodione Dichloran agar (CZID), 138, 346, 351– 352 Czapek trace metal solution, 350 Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA), 42, 212, 351 Czapek Yeast Extract 20% sucrose agar (CY20S), 51
Index 365 Czapek Yeast Extract agar (CYA), 51, 139, 175 D1/D2 domain, 71, 73 DAS, 15 Debaryomyces, 73 hansenii, 78, 81, 82 Decimal reduction time, 247 Dekkera, 73, 79 anomala, 83 bruxellensis, 78, 83 Deoxynivalenol, 14, 128, 130, 132–133, 150 analysis for, 126 production by Fusarium culmorum, 128, 131, 132–133 DG18, see Dichloran 18% glycerol agar DGGE, for yeast, 86–90 Diacetoxyscirpenol, 12, 15 Dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), 138, 182, 345 Dichloran Chloramphenicol Peptone agar (DCPA), 346 Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC), 174, 175 Dichloran Rose Bengal Yeast Extract sucrose agar (DRYES), 138–139, 346 Diluents, 344, 346 Dilution plating, 343–347 Direct plating, 344 Dot blot, 75, 78 DRBC, see Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar DRYES, see Dichloran Rose Bengal Yeast Extract sucrose agar Ear blight, Fusarium, 123, 124 Emericella astellata, 6, 176 nidulans, 176 variecolor, 176 venezeulensis, 6 Emodin, 219 Enniatins, 12, 146, 147 Enzyme activity, 126 Enzymes, from Fusarium culmorum, 132–134 fungal, 124 analysis for, 126–127 Epicoccum nigrum, 144, 145 Equine mycotoxicoses, 23 Ergosterol, 50, 51, 57, 58, 62–65 and hyphal length, 51, 62–65 and mycelium dry weight, 61, 62–65 assay, 52–53 validation, 55 Ergot alkaloids, 22 Essential oils, effect on fumonisin production, 118 Eugenol, antimicrobial activity, 263 against Aspergillus flavus, 269–276 Eupenicillium spp., 110 cinnamopurpureum, 17 Eurotium in barley and wheat, 142–146 amstelodami, 176 chevalieri, 51, 52, 54–56, 58–61, 64, 248 heat resistance, 248 Eurotium herbariorum, heat resistance, 248 Eurotium repens, ascospore activation, 255 Facial eczema, 23 Fescue foot, 11 Figs fungi in dried, 182, 184 ochratoxin A in, 9, 184, 185 Fingerprinting, 85–86 Fruit, fungi in, 137–150 Fumitremorgins, 10 Fumonisins, 13, 115, 128, 150 in maize, 116 Fungal growth colony forming units, 50 comparison of methods, 57–58, 59 measurement of, 65 Fungicides for Fusarium control, 124 on apples and cherries, 138, 142, 149 on grapes, 168 Fusaproliferin, 13
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Advances in Food Mycology
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Advances in Food Mycology Edited by
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FOREWORD This book represents the P
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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Contents ix Mycobiota, mycotoxigeni
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CONTRIBUTORS M. Lourdes Abarca, Dep
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Contributors xiii Dilek Heperkan, I
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Section 1. Understanding the fungi
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4 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Furthermor
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6 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Table 1. M
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8 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sour
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10 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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12 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.4. Cycl
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14 Jens C. Frisvad et al. and poult
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16 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 3.9. Zear
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18 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.5. Myco
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20 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 4.9. Peni
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22 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Major sou
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24 Jens C. Frisvad et al. only occu
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26 Jens C. Frisvad et al. 1977, Myc
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28 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Kamyar, M
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30 Jens C. Frisvad et al. Pitt, J.
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RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE CHRO
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Recommendations Concerning the Chro
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Section 2. Media and method develop
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50 M. H. Taniwaki et al. the counti
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52 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Table 1. O
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54 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 60 column
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56 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.2. Growt
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58 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 3.4. Estim
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60 M. H. Taniwaki et al. lowest; ab
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62 M. H. Taniwaki et al. 4. DISCUSS
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64 M. H. Taniwaki et al. viable cou
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66 M. H. Taniwaki et al. Brancato,
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EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR METHODS FOR
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Evaluation of Molecular Methods for
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STANDARDIZATION OF METHODS FOR DETE
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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Standardization of Methods for Dete
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUMONISIN PRODUCER
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Ecophysiology of Fumonisin Producer
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ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF FUSARIUM CULMORUM
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Ecophysiology of Fusarium culmorum
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FOOD-BORNE FUNGI IN FRUIT AND CEREA
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Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fruit and C
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BLACK ASPERGILLUS SPECIES IN AUSTRA
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Black Aspergillus Species in Austra
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174 Marta Bau et al. sporadically i
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176 Marta Bau et al. Table 1. Occur
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178 Marta Bau et al. Table 2. Ochra
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FUNGI PRODUCING OCHRATOXIN IN DRIED
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Fungi Producing Ochratoxin in Dried
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AN UPDATE ON OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI A
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An Update on Ochratoxigenic Fungi a
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MYCOBIOTA, MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI, AND
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Mycobiota and Citrinin in Black Oli
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BYSSOCHLAMYS: SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAT
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Byssochlamys Heat Resistance and My
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EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY AND TEMPER
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Aflatoxin and CPA Production in Pea
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INACTIVATION OF FRUIT SPOILAGE YEAS
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High Pressure Inactivation of Fungi
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ACTIVATION OF ASCOSPORES BY NOVEL F
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Activation of Ascospores by Novel F
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MIXTURES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC A
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Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic A
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PROBABILISTIC MODELLING OF ASPERGIL
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Probabilistic Modelling of Aspergil
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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOURDOUGH BR
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Antifungal Activity of Sourdough Br
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Page 322 and 323: PREVENTION OF OCHRATOXIN A IN CEREA
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Page 348 and 349: RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR FOOD MYCOLO
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Page 354 and 355: APPENDIX 1 - MEDIA All media are st
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Page 362 and 363: Appendix 1 - Media 357 Pitt, J. I.,
Page 364 and 365: Appendix 2 - International Commissi
Page 366 and 367: 362 Index Antifungal agents (Contin
Page 370 and 371: 366 Index Fusarenon X, 15 Fusarin C
Page 372 and 373: 368 Index Mycophenolic acid, 18, 21
Page 374 and 375: 370 Index Phaffia, 74 Phoma tenuazo
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