Advances in Food Mycology

6 Jens C. Frisvad et al.
Table 1. Morphology and mycotoxin production characteristic of species in Aspergillus that are known aflatoxin producers a
Species Heads Conidia Sclerotia Known occurrence Mycotoxins
Aspergillus flavus Mostly biseriate Spherical to Large, spherical Ubiquitous in B aflatoxins
ellipsoidal, smooth tropics and (40% of isolates);
to finely rough walls subtropics CPAb , ca 50%
A. parasiticus Rarely biseriate Spherical, rough walls Large, spherical USA, South B and G aflatoxins
(uncommon) America, (nearly 100%)
Australia
A. nomius Mostly biseriate Spherical to Small, bullet USA, Thailand B and G aflatoxins
ellipsoidal, smooth shaped (usually)
to finely rough walls
A. bombycis Mostly biseriate Spherical to Not reported Japan, Indonesia B and G aflatoxins
subspheroidal, (silkworms only)
roughened
A. pseudotamarii Biseriate Spherical to Large, spherical Japan, Argentina B aflatoxins, CPA
subspheroidal,
very rough walls
A. toxicarius Rarely biseriate Sphaerical, rough Large, sphaerical USA, Uganda B and G aflatoxins
walled
A. parvisclerotigenus Mostly biseriate Spherical, rough Small, sphaerical USA, Argentina, B and G aflatoxins,
walled Japan, Nigeria CPA
A. ochraceoroseus Biseriate Subspheroidal to Not reported Ivory Coast (soil) B aflatoxins,
ellipsoidal, sterigmatocystin
smooth walled
A. rambellii Biseriate Ellipsoidal, smooth Not reported Ivory Coast (soil) B aflatoxins,
walled sterigmatocystin
Emericella astellata Biseriate Spheroidal, rugulose Ascomata and Ecuador (leaves B aflatoxins,
walls hülle cells of Ilex) Sterigmatocystin
Emericella Biseriate Sphaeroidal, Ascomata and Venezuela B aflatoxins,
venezuelensis rugulose walls hülle cells (mangrove) Sterigmatocystin
a From Kurtzman et al., 1987; Klich and Pitt, 1988; Pitt and Hocking, 1997; Klich et al., 2000; Ito et al., 2001; Peterson et al., 2001; Frisvad
et al., 2004a; Frisvad and Samson, 2004a; Frisvad et al., 2005a.
b CPA, cyclopiazonic acid.