Advances in Food Mycology
Advances in Food Mycology
Advances in Food Mycology
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Fungi and Mycotox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Fruit and Cereals 147<br />
Table 5. Fungal species found <strong>in</strong> apples, cherries wheat and barley from the north<br />
temperate zone and some mycotox<strong>in</strong>s they are known to produce<br />
Toxigenic fungal species Mycotox<strong>in</strong>s produced <strong>in</strong> pure culture<br />
Alternaria arborescens sp.-grp. Altenuene, alternariols, altertox<strong>in</strong>s,<br />
tenuazonic acid<br />
Alt. tenuissima sp.-grp. Altenuene, alternariols, altertox<strong>in</strong>s,<br />
tenuazonic acid<br />
Aspergillus candidus Terphenyll<strong>in</strong>, xanthoasc<strong>in</strong><br />
Asp. flavus Aflatox<strong>in</strong>, aspergillic acid, cyclopiazonic acid<br />
Asp. niger Malform<strong>in</strong>s, naphtho-γ-pyrones<br />
Bipolaris sorok<strong>in</strong>iana Sterigmatocyst<strong>in</strong><br />
Byssochlamys spp. Byssochlamic acid, patul<strong>in</strong><br />
Fusarium avenaceum Antibiotic Y, aurofusar<strong>in</strong>, enniat<strong>in</strong>s, fusar<strong>in</strong> C,<br />
moniliform<strong>in</strong><br />
F. culmorum Aurofusar<strong>in</strong>, culmor<strong>in</strong>, fusar<strong>in</strong> C, trichothecenes,<br />
zearalenone<br />
F. equiseti Fusarochromanone, trichothecenes, zearalenone<br />
F. gram<strong>in</strong>earum Aurofusar<strong>in</strong>, culmor<strong>in</strong>, fusar<strong>in</strong> C, trichothecenes,<br />
zearalenone<br />
F. langsethiae Culmor<strong>in</strong>, enniat<strong>in</strong>s, trichothecenes<br />
F. lateritium Antibiotic Y, enniat<strong>in</strong>s,<br />
F. poae Beauveric<strong>in</strong>s, culmor<strong>in</strong>s, fusar<strong>in</strong> C, trichothecenes<br />
F. sporotrichioides Aurofusar<strong>in</strong>, beauveric<strong>in</strong>s, culmor<strong>in</strong>s, fusar<strong>in</strong> C,<br />
trichothecenes<br />
F. tric<strong>in</strong>ctum Antibiotic Y, aurofusar<strong>in</strong>, enniat<strong>in</strong>s, fusar<strong>in</strong> C,<br />
moniliform<strong>in</strong><br />
Penicillium aurantiogriseum Penicillic acid, verrucosid<strong>in</strong>, nephrotoxic<br />
glycopeptides<br />
P. carneum Patul<strong>in</strong>, isofumigaclav<strong>in</strong>, penitrem A,<br />
roquefort<strong>in</strong>e C<br />
P. crustosum Penitrem A, roquefort<strong>in</strong>e C<br />
P. cyclopium Penicillic acid, xanthomegn<strong>in</strong>, viomelle<strong>in</strong>,<br />
vioxanth<strong>in</strong><br />
P. expansum Citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>, chaetoglobos<strong>in</strong>s, communes<strong>in</strong>s, patul<strong>in</strong>,<br />
roquefort<strong>in</strong>e C<br />
P. freii Penicillic acid, xanthomegn<strong>in</strong>, viomelle<strong>in</strong>,<br />
vioxanth<strong>in</strong><br />
P. hordei Roquefort<strong>in</strong>e C<br />
P. melanoconidium Penicillic acid, penitrem A, xanthomegn<strong>in</strong><br />
P. polonicum Penicillic acid, verrucosid<strong>in</strong>, nephrotoxic<br />
glycopeptides<br />
P. verrucosum Citr<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>, ochratox<strong>in</strong> A<br />
P. viridicatum Penicillic acid, viridic acid, xanthomegn<strong>in</strong>,<br />
viomelle<strong>in</strong>