Proceedings - Teaching and Learning Centre - Simon Fraser ...

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Fraser River Action Plan 3rd Research Workshop Near-Field Transport and Fate of Pulp Mill Effluents G. Lawrence, B. Marks, W. Evans, J. Vine and L. Gomm Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia We are working on three sub-models of the transport and fate of effluent discharges into the Fraser River. 1. Bonnie Marks is investigating the initial dilution of effluent from the point of discharge to the point at which the effluent is mixed throughout the depth. In this region, the initial momentum and buoyancy of the effluent are important. Bonnie has found existing numerical models of this region inadequate, and is performing laboratory experiments to improve our understanding and modeling capability. Results obtained from the experiments will include the concentration distribution across the plume at the end of the initial mixing zone for different seasonal conditions; this will be used as an input for the second submodel. 2. Wayne Evans has found that existing flocculation/particle aggregation theory is not capable of explaining an aggregation phenomenon noted by field researchers as a result of the discharge of pulp mill effluents into a sediment-laden river. In view of this, previously obtained field and experimental data have been analyzed and simple experiments in jars and settling columns conducted to see if aggregation is indicated. The addition of pulp mill effluents to sediment-laden waters resulted in a turbidity reduction almost instantaneously in the jar tests. It was found that the most significant effect occurred when the effluent and river water were added to one another in equal quantities. Whether this indicates an increase in aggregate sizes is still unknown. Reliable aggregate size measurements cannot be completed at UBC. More recent settling tests, completed in a settling column, indicated that the settlability of illite (a primary component of the
Fraser River Action Plan 3rd Research Workshop Assessment of Atmospheric Inputs of Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Compounds to the Upper Drainage Basin R. Macdonald Institute of Ocean Sciences To make a reconnaissance of contaminant distributions and trends in the drainage basin, sediment cores were collected from six lakes in the Fraser System (Moose, Stuart, Chilko, Kamloops, Horizon and Nicola). These cores have been dated using 210Pb and analyzed for a suite of contaminants. For the most part, the lake sediment core data suggested that atmospheric contaminant inputs have been very low. In particular, we saw little record of PCB inputs to Moose Lake where PCBs were earlier found elevated in fish. We saw a strong record of DDT entering into Nicola Lake and, less so, into Horizon Lake. The metals analyses showed expected increase in Pb concentration in the upper layers of many of the cores, and for Stuart Lake we found clear evidence of local Hg contamination. The PAH data suggested enhanced modern fluxes of combustion products to Nicola and Harrison lakes. Preliminary dioxin and furan data from Kamloops Lake showed some extremely high concentrations which, for the most part, can be ascribed to pulp mill inputs. Page 87
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PROCEEDINGS 3rd RESEARCH WORKSHOP F
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Participants ....
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Development of a Citizen’s Monito
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Fraser River Action Plan 3rd Resear
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SESSION 1 PULP MILL EFFLUENT ISSUES
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SESSION 4 AGRICULTURAL ISSUES
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SESSION 5 BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
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SESSION 6 ESTUARY ISSUES
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Fraser River Action Plan The Use of
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Fraser River Action Plan Concluding
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