Proceedings - Teaching and Learning Centre - Simon Fraser ...
Proceedings - Teaching and Learning Centre - Simon Fraser ...
Proceedings - Teaching and Learning Centre - Simon Fraser ...
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<strong>Fraser</strong> River Action Plan 3rd Research Workshop<br />
Objective<br />
Anti-Sapstain Toxicology Studies<br />
T. Wood, B. Johnston, T. Farrell <strong>and</strong> C. Kennedy<br />
Biological Sciences<br />
<strong>Simon</strong> <strong>Fraser</strong> University<br />
To perform controlled, laboratory-based fish <strong>and</strong> invertebrate toxicological studies with DDAC <strong>and</strong> IPBC that<br />
will contribute towards Criteria development for anti-sapstain compounds.<br />
Rationale<br />
Annually, the lumber industry uses a considerable volume of anti-sapstain chemicals to protect cut lumber from<br />
stain-forming fungi during storage <strong>and</strong> transportation. Concern exists over anti-sapstains entering the <strong>Fraser</strong><br />
River in stormwater runoff. DDAC (didecyldimethylammonium chloride) <strong>and</strong> IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl<br />
carbamate) are the principle active ingredients of the anti-sapstain chemicals that have replaced the previously<br />
used pentachlorophenates, copper-8-quindinolate <strong>and</strong> TCMTB (2-(thiocyanomethylthylthio)benzothiozole), all<br />
of which have been withdrawn from use over environmental <strong>and</strong> human health concerns. To date, all<br />
toxicological studies on these compounds have been performed primarily by the industry, with little information<br />
in the primary refereed literature. The present regulations allow DDAC discharge in stormwater at<br />
concentrations of 700 ppb.<br />
Approach<br />
Pure test chemicals rather than formulations were used. The test species were selected based on availability <strong>and</strong><br />
relevance to the <strong>Fraser</strong> River, <strong>and</strong>, in some cases, to act as reference organisms. The species tested will include:<br />
juvenile rainbow trout (reference)<br />
juvenile coho salmon (relevant)<br />
juvenile starry flounder (relevant)<br />
juvenile white sturgeon (relevant)<br />
coho embryos (reference)<br />
starry flounder embryos (relevant)<br />
white sturgeon embryos (reference)<br />
fathead minnow (reference)<br />
Hyallela azteca (reference)<br />
Daphnia magna (reference)<br />
Neomysis mercedis (relevant)<br />
Mysidopsis bahia (reference)<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ard toxicological testing techniques were used to test for lethal <strong>and</strong> sublethal effects. These included:<br />
96-h LC50 flow-though testing for juvenile fish<br />
24-h or 96-h LC50 static <strong>and</strong> flow-through testing for fish embryos <strong>and</strong> larvae<br />
48-h LC50 static testing for invertebrates<br />
24-h exposure for sublethal monitoring of juvenile fish (stress <strong>and</strong> swimming performance)<br />
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