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Proceedings - Teaching and Learning Centre - Simon Fraser ...

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<strong>Fraser</strong> River Action Plan 3rd Research Workshop<br />

Objective<br />

Anti-Sapstain Toxicology Studies<br />

T. Wood, B. Johnston, T. Farrell <strong>and</strong> C. Kennedy<br />

Biological Sciences<br />

<strong>Simon</strong> <strong>Fraser</strong> University<br />

To perform controlled, laboratory-based fish <strong>and</strong> invertebrate toxicological studies with DDAC <strong>and</strong> IPBC that<br />

will contribute towards Criteria development for anti-sapstain compounds.<br />

Rationale<br />

Annually, the lumber industry uses a considerable volume of anti-sapstain chemicals to protect cut lumber from<br />

stain-forming fungi during storage <strong>and</strong> transportation. Concern exists over anti-sapstains entering the <strong>Fraser</strong><br />

River in stormwater runoff. DDAC (didecyldimethylammonium chloride) <strong>and</strong> IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl<br />

carbamate) are the principle active ingredients of the anti-sapstain chemicals that have replaced the previously<br />

used pentachlorophenates, copper-8-quindinolate <strong>and</strong> TCMTB (2-(thiocyanomethylthylthio)benzothiozole), all<br />

of which have been withdrawn from use over environmental <strong>and</strong> human health concerns. To date, all<br />

toxicological studies on these compounds have been performed primarily by the industry, with little information<br />

in the primary refereed literature. The present regulations allow DDAC discharge in stormwater at<br />

concentrations of 700 ppb.<br />

Approach<br />

Pure test chemicals rather than formulations were used. The test species were selected based on availability <strong>and</strong><br />

relevance to the <strong>Fraser</strong> River, <strong>and</strong>, in some cases, to act as reference organisms. The species tested will include:<br />

juvenile rainbow trout (reference)<br />

juvenile coho salmon (relevant)<br />

juvenile starry flounder (relevant)<br />

juvenile white sturgeon (relevant)<br />

coho embryos (reference)<br />

starry flounder embryos (relevant)<br />

white sturgeon embryos (reference)<br />

fathead minnow (reference)<br />

Hyallela azteca (reference)<br />

Daphnia magna (reference)<br />

Neomysis mercedis (relevant)<br />

Mysidopsis bahia (reference)<br />

St<strong>and</strong>ard toxicological testing techniques were used to test for lethal <strong>and</strong> sublethal effects. These included:<br />

96-h LC50 flow-though testing for juvenile fish<br />

24-h or 96-h LC50 static <strong>and</strong> flow-through testing for fish embryos <strong>and</strong> larvae<br />

48-h LC50 static testing for invertebrates<br />

24-h exposure for sublethal monitoring of juvenile fish (stress <strong>and</strong> swimming performance)<br />

Page 115

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