Luz E. de-Bashan, Adán Trejo, Yoav Bashan and Juan-Pablo ...

Luz E. de-Bashan, Adán Trejo, j
Yoav Bashan and Juan-Pablo Hernández
EEnvironmental i t l Mi Microbiology bi l G Group,
CIBNOR, México
and
The Bashan Foundation (USA)

Soil recovery subgroup (2011)
Juan-Pablo
Manuel Moreno
Adan Trejo
Blanca
Lopez
Luz de-Bashan
��Luz Luz de de‐Bashan Bashan
��Ad ��Adan Ad Adan T Trejo j
��Blanca Blanca Lopez
��Juan Juan‐Pablo Pablo
Hernandez
��Manuel Manuel Moreno
��Yoav Yoav Bashan
All published articles are
available as PDFs in:
htt http://www.bashanfoundation.org
// b h f d ti

Wastewater recovery
Primary treatment
Eliminates suspended
solid particles
Microbiological treatment,
Secondary S SSecondary d treatment t t t f further h elimination l of f
solids and organic matter
Production of an excess of
nitrogen g and phosphorus p p
in the wastewater

• Avoid secondary
pollution ll ti
• Efficient use of solar
energy – Solar
Biotechnology
• Increase in pH, p
bactericidal action
• Concentration of
xenobiotics or heavy
metals
Chlorella in suspension

O Our proposal: l Immobilization ii i of f the
green microalga Chlorella with the PGPB
Azospirillum
Why this association?
- Chlorella is consider an
unicellular plant
- Azospirillum p is a
unespecific PGPB
- It is possible that
Azospirillum would affect
Chlorella, in the way it
does with higher plants

A Automated tomated fast fast production prod ction of
of
large large-sized sized polymer beads (2–4 (2 4 mm)
http://bashanfoundation.org/device.html

Bi Bioreactors: t 700 ml l – 2 lit liters – 50 L
(at the laboratory stage)

Elimination of ammonium from domestic
wastewater by C. vulgaris immobilized with
A. A A. brasilense
de-Bashan et al. (2004) Water Research 38: 466-474

GS
Enhanced
pigments
production
& photosynthesis
GDH
OUR PROPOSED MODEL
microalgae
PORUS BEAD BEAD
AAzospirillum i ill
OXYGEN EMISSION
Incorporation of
nitrogen and
phosphorus
as cell components
Surrounding
growth medium
de-Bashan and Bashan, 2008. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 6797-6802

A Association i ti of f Chl Chlorella ll and
d
Azospirillum immobilized inside
the alginate beads
Cavity
Lebsky et al. 2001 Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47: 1-8
de-Bashan et al. 2011. Journal of Phycology, in press

What can be done with the leftover beads,
once once the the treatment treatment is over?:
�� Use as a source for
production of biodiesel
and dbi bioethanol. th l
�� Use as microbial
inoculant to recover
d degraded d d soils
il

Pristine Sonoran desert in Baja California
South, Mexico

After clear clear‐cutting cutting for marginal agriculture or over over‐
grazing
Bashan et al. 2000. Natural Areas Journal 20: 197 197‐200 200

Sampling p gpplot
Soil under mezquite
Barren soil

perce entage
25
20
5
Organic matter, water and nutrients in
15
Barren
10 soil
0
Richer soil
under d the th
mesquite
Soil
characteristics
eroded desert soils
water
Clay
mg/kg g soil
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Barren
soil
Richer soil
under the
mesquite it
Soil characteristics
Low total carbon vs. carbon in richer soil under the mezquite
(de 300 a 1200 mg/kg mg/kg soil) soil).
Bashan et al. (2000). Applied Soil Ecology 14: 165 165-176 176
N
P

Dry beads, after the wastewater treatment
Immediately after
Azospirillum
Chlorella
One One year year after
Alginate bead
Azospirillum
Trejo et al. 2011. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)

S Survival i l of f A Azospirillum i ill after f d drying i the h
beads
Trejo et al. 20101. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)
= ∼ 10 6
ufc/g

Experimental i l
design

Organic Organic matter matter during during the the cycles cycles of of sowing
sowing
g / Kg soiil
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Debris
Plant alone
Eroded soil
1
0
First cycle Second Third
cycle cycle
Trejo et al. 2011. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)

Organic Organic carbon during the the cycles cycles of of sowing
g / Kg soiil
6
5
4
3
2
1
Debris
Plant alone
Eroded soil
0
First cycle Second
cycle
Third cycle
Trejo et al. 2011. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)

Accumulation of microbial carbon during
mgg
/ Kg soill
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
08 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Debris
th the cycles l of f sowing i
Azospirillum
Mi Microalgae l
Plant alone
Bead alone
Untreated soil
Third
cycle
No effect

Colonization of the root tip of sorghum by Azospirillum Azospirillum, ,
after inoculation inoculation‐ inoculation inoculation‐ Fluorescent Fluorescent in situ situ Hybridization
Hybridization
Other bacteria
Root tip
Trejo et al. 2011. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)

Colonization of radical hairs of sorghum by
Azospirillum
Root
Trejo et al. 2011. Environmental and Experimental Botany (in press)

Effect of
of
inoculation
in sorghum
roots
cm
25
20
15
10
5
0
First Second Third
cycle cycle cycle
Debris
Azospirillum
EEroded d d soil il

Effect of
i inoculation l i
cm
25
on on sorghum
0
shoot
mg (dry weiight)
20
15
Debris
10 AAzospirillum i ill
Eroded soil
5
0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
First
cycle
Second
cycle
Third
cycle
First cycle Second cycle Third cycle

CConclusion l i
�The leftover debris from wastewater
ttreatment, t t can bbeeffectively ff ti l usedd as
inoculant to amend poor p desert soil, ,
and to increase growth of plants.

All p published blished papers are a available ailable as PDFs at: at
http://www.bashanfoundation.org