Luz E. de-Bashan, Adán Trejo, Yoav Bashan and Juan-Pablo ...
Luz E. de-Bashan, Adán Trejo, Yoav Bashan and Juan-Pablo ...
Luz E. de-Bashan, Adán Trejo, Yoav Bashan and Juan-Pablo ...
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<strong>Luz</strong> E. <strong>de</strong>-<strong>Bashan</strong>, <strong>Adán</strong> <strong>Trejo</strong>, j<br />
<strong>Yoav</strong> <strong>Bashan</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Juan</strong>-<strong>Pablo</strong> Hernán<strong>de</strong>z<br />
EEnvironmental i t l Mi Microbiology bi l G Group,<br />
CIBNOR, México<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
The <strong>Bashan</strong> Foundation (USA)
Soil recovery subgroup (2011)<br />
<strong>Juan</strong>-<strong>Pablo</strong><br />
Manuel Moreno<br />
Adan <strong>Trejo</strong><br />
Blanca<br />
Lopez<br />
<strong>Luz</strong> <strong>de</strong>-<strong>Bashan</strong><br />
��<strong>Luz</strong> <strong>Luz</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>‐<strong>Bashan</strong> <strong>Bashan</strong><br />
��Ad ��Adan Ad Adan T <strong>Trejo</strong> j<br />
��Blanca Blanca Lopez<br />
��<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Juan</strong>‐<strong>Pablo</strong> <strong>Pablo</strong><br />
Hernan<strong>de</strong>z<br />
��Manuel Manuel Moreno<br />
��<strong>Yoav</strong> <strong>Yoav</strong> <strong>Bashan</strong><br />
All published articles are<br />
available as PDFs in:<br />
htt http://www.bashanfoundation.org<br />
// b h f d ti
Wastewater recovery<br />
Primary treatment<br />
Eliminates suspen<strong>de</strong>d<br />
solid particles<br />
Microbiological treatment,<br />
Secondary S SSecondary d treatment t t t f further h elimination l of f<br />
solids <strong>and</strong> organic matter<br />
Production of an excess of<br />
nitrogen g <strong>and</strong> phosphorus p p<br />
in the wastewater
• Avoid secondary<br />
pollution ll ti<br />
• Efficient use of solar<br />
energy – Solar<br />
Biotechnology<br />
• Increase in pH, p<br />
bactericidal action<br />
• Concentration of<br />
xenobiotics or heavy<br />
metals<br />
Chlorella in suspension
O Our proposal: l Immobilization ii i of f the<br />
green microalga Chlorella with the PGPB<br />
Azospirillum<br />
Why this association?<br />
- Chlorella is consi<strong>de</strong>r an<br />
unicellular plant<br />
- Azospirillum p is a<br />
unespecific PGPB<br />
- It is possible that<br />
Azospirillum would affect<br />
Chlorella, in the way it<br />
does with higher plants
A Automated tomated fast fast production prod ction of<br />
of<br />
large large-sized sized polymer beads (2–4 (2 4 mm)<br />
http://bashanfoundation.org/<strong>de</strong>vice.html
Bi Bioreactors: t 700 ml l – 2 lit liters – 50 L<br />
(at the laboratory stage)
Elimination of ammonium from domestic<br />
wastewater by C. vulgaris immobilized with<br />
A. A A. brasilense<br />
<strong>de</strong>-<strong>Bashan</strong> et al. (2004) Water Research 38: 466-474
GS<br />
Enhanced<br />
pigments<br />
production<br />
& photosynthesis<br />
GDH<br />
OUR PROPOSED MODEL<br />
microalgae<br />
PORUS BEAD BEAD<br />
AAzospirillum i ill<br />
OXYGEN EMISSION<br />
Incorporation of<br />
nitrogen <strong>and</strong><br />
phosphorus<br />
as cell components<br />
Surrounding<br />
growth medium<br />
<strong>de</strong>-<strong>Bashan</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Bashan</strong>, 2008. Applied <strong>and</strong> Environmental Microbiology 74: 6797-6802
A Association i ti of f Chl Chlorella ll <strong>and</strong><br />
d<br />
Azospirillum immobilized insi<strong>de</strong><br />
the alginate beads<br />
Cavity<br />
Lebsky et al. 2001 Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47: 1-8<br />
<strong>de</strong>-<strong>Bashan</strong> et al. 2011. Journal of Phycology, in press
What can be done with the leftover beads,<br />
once once the the treatment treatment is over?:<br />
�� Use as a source for<br />
production of biodiesel<br />
<strong>and</strong> dbi bioethanol. th l<br />
�� Use as microbial<br />
inoculant to recover<br />
d <strong>de</strong>gra<strong>de</strong>d d d soils<br />
il
Pristine Sonoran <strong>de</strong>sert in Baja California<br />
South, Mexico
After clear clear‐cutting cutting for marginal agriculture or over over‐<br />
grazing<br />
<strong>Bashan</strong> et al. 2000. Natural Areas Journal 20: 197 197‐200 200
Sampling p gpplot<br />
Soil un<strong>de</strong>r mezquite<br />
Barren soil
perce entage<br />
25<br />
20<br />
5<br />
Organic matter, water <strong>and</strong> nutrients in<br />
15<br />
Barren<br />
10 soil<br />
0<br />
Richer soil<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r d the th<br />
mesquite<br />
Soil<br />
characteristics<br />
ero<strong>de</strong>d <strong>de</strong>sert soils<br />
water<br />
Clay<br />
mg/kg g soil<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Barren<br />
soil<br />
Richer soil<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
mesquite it<br />
Soil characteristics<br />
Low total carbon vs. carbon in richer soil un<strong>de</strong>r the mezquite<br />
(<strong>de</strong> 300 a 1200 mg/kg mg/kg soil) soil).<br />
<strong>Bashan</strong> et al. (2000). Applied Soil Ecology 14: 165 165-176 176<br />
N<br />
P
Dry beads, after the wastewater treatment<br />
Immediately after<br />
Azospirillum<br />
Chlorella<br />
One One year year after<br />
Alginate bead<br />
Azospirillum<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 2011. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)
S Survival i l of f A Azospirillum i ill after f d drying i the h<br />
beads<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 20101. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)<br />
= ∼ 10 6<br />
ufc/g
Experimental i l<br />
<strong>de</strong>sign
Organic Organic matter matter during during the the cycles cycles of of sowing<br />
sowing<br />
g / Kg soiil<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
Debris<br />
Plant alone<br />
Ero<strong>de</strong>d soil<br />
1<br />
0<br />
First cycle Second Third<br />
cycle cycle<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 2011. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)
Organic Organic carbon during the the cycles cycles of of sowing<br />
g / Kg soiil<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Debris<br />
Plant alone<br />
Ero<strong>de</strong>d soil<br />
0<br />
First cycle Second<br />
cycle<br />
Third cycle<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 2011. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)
Accumulation of microbial carbon during<br />
mgg<br />
/ Kg soill<br />
2<br />
1.8<br />
1.6<br />
1.4<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
08 0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
Debris<br />
th the cycles l of f sowing i<br />
Azospirillum<br />
Mi Microalgae l<br />
Plant alone<br />
Bead alone<br />
Untreated soil<br />
Third<br />
cycle<br />
No effect
Colonization of the root tip of sorghum by Azospirillum Azospirillum, ,<br />
after inoculation inoculation‐ inoculation inoculation‐ Fluorescent Fluorescent in situ situ Hybridization<br />
Hybridization<br />
Other bacteria<br />
Root tip<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 2011. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)
Colonization of radical hairs of sorghum by<br />
Azospirillum<br />
Root<br />
<strong>Trejo</strong> et al. 2011. Environmental <strong>and</strong> Experimental Botany (in press)
Effect of<br />
of<br />
inoculation<br />
in sorghum<br />
roots<br />
cm<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
First Second Third<br />
cycle cycle cycle<br />
Debris<br />
Azospirillum<br />
EEro<strong>de</strong>d d d soil il
Effect of<br />
i inoculation l i<br />
cm<br />
25<br />
on on sorghum<br />
0<br />
shoot<br />
mg (dry weiight)<br />
20<br />
15<br />
Debris<br />
10 AAzospirillum i ill<br />
Ero<strong>de</strong>d soil<br />
5<br />
0<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
First<br />
cycle<br />
Second<br />
cycle<br />
Third<br />
cycle<br />
First cycle Second cycle Third cycle
CConclusion l i<br />
�The leftover <strong>de</strong>bris from wastewater<br />
ttreatment, t t can bbeeffectively ff ti l usedd as<br />
inoculant to amend poor p <strong>de</strong>sert soil, ,<br />
<strong>and</strong> to increase growth of plants.
All p published blished papers are a available ailable as PDFs at: at<br />
http://www.bashanfoundation.org