S.1 Spacecraft Propulsion Systems Chapter 1: Introduction to ...

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Main performance of Cold Gas Systems - Thrust level: 0.0045 ÷ 10 N - 14- - Impulse bit: ≥ 10 -5 Ns (with thruster minimum on-time of 5 ms) Note from the propellant table: - Thruster-spec. Impulse: 275 ÷ 2668 Ns/kg [≡ ve (m/s)] - System-spec. Impulse: 200 ÷ 700 Ns/kg Although hydrogen gas provides the highest Thruster-spec. Impulse, it offers the lowest System spec. Impulse because of the low gas density with resulting high mass of propellant storage system (tank + gas). In contrary, systems operating with vapor pressure hydrocarbons (e.g. propane: C3H8) have higher System-spec. Impulses because of the high gas density (stored as a liquid). However, because of simplicity, nitrogen has been the most common cold-gas propellant.
Advantages Simplicity and reliability Lowest cost propulsion system - 15- Very low thrust (≥ 0.0045 N) and impulse bit (≥ 10 -5 N) capability Low contamination of exhaust gases (plume) on spacecraft outer surface Disadvantages Low Isp (≤ 950 Ns/kg) ≡ low Issp (≤ 700 Ns/kg) with resulting high system mass Conclusion Although of moderate impulse capability, cold gas systems, in particular systems operating with compressed cold gas, are still of interest in view of their simplicity, high reliability and repeatability of impulse bit. Therefore, cold gas has many applications where simplicity is more important than high performance. For increasing absolute levels of thrust and impulse requirements for spacecraft propulsion (e.g. attitude and orbit control), cold gas systems are inadequate and more energetic propellants generating hot gas for mass expulsion are required.
Page 1 and 2: - 1- Chapter 1: Introduction to Spa
Page 3 and 4: S.3 Need of Propulsion Propulsion i
Page 5 and 6: Orbit control ORBIT CONTROL compris
Page 7 and 8: S.4 Reaction-Control System - 7- Th
Page 9 and 10: Solar Sails - 9-
Page 11 and 12: S.5 Jet Propulsion System - 11- The
Page 13 and 14: S.6 Spacecraft Propulsion - 13- Spa
Page 15 and 16: Impulse bits - 15- Impulse bit is t
Page 17 and 18: Nuclear propulsion Note - 17- SCHEM
Page 19 and 20: - 1- Chapter 2: Basic Propulsion Eq
Page 21 and 22: S.3 Basic Equation of Thrust - 3- B
Page 23 and 24: S.4 Basic Rocket Equation Total Vel
Page 25 and 26: - 7- S.6 Propulsion Performance Fac
Page 27 and 28: Test - 9-
Page 29 and 30: - 11- S.8 Propulsion System Perform
Page 31 and 32: - 13- S.9 Type of Propulsion System
Page 33 and 34: Rocket propulsion device basic part
Page 35 and 36: - 17- The Effective Exhaust Velocit
Page 37 and 38: Kinetic energy in the expelled mass
Page 39 and 40: - 1- Chapter 3: Spacecraft Propulsi
Page 41 and 42: - 3- S.3 Propulsion System Options
Page 43 and 44: Chemical Propulsion Systems - 5- Ch
Page 45 and 46: S.4 Cold and Hot Gas Systems - 7- C
Page 47 and 48: Cold Gas Systems (Operate) - 9- Col
Page 49 and 50: Typical System - 11-
Page 51: - 13-
Page 55 and 56: Liquid Propellants - 17- Characteri
Page 57 and 58: S.6 Liquid Propellant Systems - 19-
Page 59 and 60: Monopropellant Systems (Operate) -
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Page 65 and 66: Diaphragm Tank - 27-
Page 67 and 68: Advantages Simplicity and reliabili
Page 69 and 70: Bipropellant Systems (Operate) - 31
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Page 73 and 74: - 35-
Page 75 and 76: Propellant Tanks - 37-
Page 77 and 78: Unified Propulsion Systems - 39-
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Page 81 and 82: - 43- Main Performance of Bipropell
Page 83 and 84: - 45- Dual-Mode systems use hydrazi
Page 85 and 86: Under Development: - 47- A new fami
Page 87 and 88: Solid Propellant Motor - 49-
Page 89 and 90: - 51- Main Performance of Solid Pro
Page 91 and 92: Electric Propulsion Systems - 53- E
Page 93 and 94: Note: - 55- For electric propulsion
Page 95 and 96: Power Augmented Catalytic Thruster
Page 97 and 98: Electrostatic Systems - 59- Electro
Page 99 and 100: - 61- Survey of Electrical Thruster
Page 101 and 102: S.9 Summary - 63- Main characterist
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Chapter 4: Spacecraft Propulsion Sy
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- 3 - S.3 Propulsion System Selecti
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Important indication - 5 - If we as
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S.4 Outline of Advanced Spacecraft
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Exploration of the Solar System - 9
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- 11 - For micro- and nanospacecraf
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wafer 4 wafer 3 wafer 2 wafer 1 Sev
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- 15 - Potential increase in perfor
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- 17 - New Approaches in Advanced P
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- 19 - New Approaches in Advanced P
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- 21 - Exotic Propulsion Methods: A
Page 125:
Literature - 23 - Wiley J. Larsson
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