S.1 Spacecraft Propulsion Systems Chapter 1: Introduction to ...

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- 18 - New Approaches in Advanced Propulsion: Nuclear Rockets Nuclear-Thermal Propulsion (Courtesy of SNECMA) Concept: There are two main different categories of nuclear technology for space power and propulsion: - radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) and close-cycle (e.g. Sterling technology) for nuclear electric power, NEP, to power electric propulsion - open-cycle nuclear thermal reactors, NTR, which heat e.g. liquid hydrogen propellant directly to produce rocket thrust NEP: Flight heritage of RTG’s with power level < 10 kWe while future NEP’s aim at 10 kWe to MWe’s for electric propulsion: ve = 20 000 m/s to 100 000 m/s (FEEP) NTR: liquid hydrogen propellant absorbs heat from the core of a fission reactor, before expanding through a nozzle: ve = 8000 m/s to 9000 m/s, F = 20kN to 70 kN Extensive research performed into nuclear-thermal rockets in U.S. in 1960 as part of the NERVA program. Status: Environmental and political concern about save ground test and launch of fueled reactor has reduced research in NEP and NTR technology.
- 19 - New Approaches in Advanced Propulsion: Solar Sailing Concept: Solar sails accelerate under the pressure from solar radiation, caused by a momentum transfer from reflected solar photons, thus requiring no propellant. This force is proportional to the sail area and can be directed by tilting the sail with respect to the incoming solar flux. Because no propellant is used, the solar sail has an infinite specific impulse (Isp = ∞), however, the thrust to weight ratio is very low, 10 -4 to 10 -5 for 9 N/km 2 solar pressure at 1 AU. Typical applications: - interplanetary cargo missions - interstellar travel Status: All attempts to unfold solar sail in space have so far failed.
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- 1- Chapter 1: Introduction to Spa
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S.3 Need of Propulsion Propulsion i
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Orbit control ORBIT CONTROL compris
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S.4 Reaction-Control System - 7- Th
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Solar Sails - 9-
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S.5 Jet Propulsion System - 11- The
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S.6 Spacecraft Propulsion - 13- Spa
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Impulse bits - 15- Impulse bit is t
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Nuclear propulsion Note - 17- SCHEM
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- 1- Chapter 2: Basic Propulsion Eq
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S.3 Basic Equation of Thrust - 3- B
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S.4 Basic Rocket Equation Total Vel
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Test - 9-
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- 11- S.8 Propulsion System Perform
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- 13- S.9 Type of Propulsion System
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Rocket propulsion device basic part
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- 17- The Effective Exhaust Velocit
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Kinetic energy in the expelled mass
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- 1- Chapter 3: Spacecraft Propulsi
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- 3- S.3 Propulsion System Options
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Chemical Propulsion Systems - 5- Ch
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S.4 Cold and Hot Gas Systems - 7- C
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Cold Gas Systems (Operate) - 9- Col
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Typical System - 11-
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Advantages Simplicity and reliabili
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Liquid Propellants - 17- Characteri
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S.6 Liquid Propellant Systems - 19-
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Monopropellant Systems (Operate) -
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Diaphragm Tank - 27-
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Advantages Simplicity and reliabili
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Page 91 and 92: Electric Propulsion Systems - 53- E
Page 93 and 94: Note: - 55- For electric propulsion
Page 95 and 96: Power Augmented Catalytic Thruster
Page 97 and 98: Electrostatic Systems - 59- Electro
Page 99 and 100: - 61- Survey of Electrical Thruster
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Page 107 and 108: Important indication - 5 - If we as
Page 109 and 110: S.4 Outline of Advanced Spacecraft
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Page 125: Literature - 23 - Wiley J. Larsson
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