LabAutomation 2006 - SLAS

LabAutomation2006
4:30 pm Tuesday, January 24, 2006 Track 2: Micro- and Nanotechnologies Room: Pasadena
Wyndham Palm Springs Hotel
James P. Landers
Co-Author(s)
University of Virginia
Chris Easley, James Karlinsey, Joan Bienvenue, Lindsay Legendre
Charlottesville, Virginia
Mike Roper, Rebecca McClure, Erik Hewlett, Molly Hughes
landers@virginia.edu
University of Virginia
Tod J. Merkel, Mayo Clinic
Jerome P. Ferrance, University of Virginia
Microdevices with Integrated Sample Preparation for Ultrafast Sample-In/Answer-Out
Genetic Analysis
Microdevices capable of genetic analysis with sample-in/answer-out capabilities must be able to accept real-world samples, execute
multiple, sequential sample preparation steps, and then provide an interpretable read-out following separation and detection. These
processes involve chromatographic separation of sample components for isolation of DNA, the enzyme-mediated amplification of target
DNA sequences in a temperature-dependent manner, the electrophoretic separation of the products of amplification, and detection by
fluorescence. In order to accomplish the tasks within the nanospace of the microfluidic architecture, there has to be excquisite fluidic control
of nanoliter volume flow. This is accomplished using a single nanoliter-flow syringe pump, a series of elastomeric valves, and resistrictive
flow built into the microchannel architecture – together these allow for precise control of fluid flow through the sample preparation domains
and into the separation domain. Combining these with the use of in-line diode- and capacitor-like structures, fluidic analogs of their electrical
counterparts, a simplistic approach to fluidic control on microdevices begins to evolve. The application of the integrated microchip is
demonstrated with three independent applications: the diagnosis of whooping cough from one microliter of human nasal wash, the detection
of anthrax in 250 nanoliters of mouse blood, and finally, the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma from a microliter of patient whole blood. Together
these represent a microchip capable of sample-in/answer-out analysis - a bona fide micro-total analysis system.
9:00 am Wednesday, January 25, 2006 Track 2: Micro- and Nanotechnologies Room: Pasadena
Wyndham Palm Springs Hotel
Larry Kricka
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
kricka@mail.med.upenn.edu
The Scope and Promise of Nanotechnology in Clinical Diagnostics
Micro and the nano-scale miniaturization provide new avenues for improving the effectiveness and accessibility of clinical testing.
Microtechnology (lab-on-a-chip) has been adapted for many types of assay procedures (e.g., CE, PCR, cell isolation) and a range of
microfluidic, bioelectronic and microarray DNA and protein chips have been developed. A compelling advantage of miniaturization is
integration of multiple steps in an analytical process on a single chip. Nanotechnology (0.1 nm - 100 nm) is a rapidly evolving science
that has already found commercial success (e.g., nanoparticle sun screen and cosmetics). Emerging analytical applications for
nanotechnology include nano-pores, tubes, -particles, -fibers and other types of nano-object (e.g., immunoassay labels based on
enzyme-loaded carbon nanotubes, glucose sensors based on glucose oxidase/ferricyanide coated carbon nanotubes, nanoparticle labe
for multiplexed assays, nanopores for high-throughput DNA sequencing, 3-D hydrogel nanoarrays for direct glucose sensing). In parallel,
more extensive research and development in nanoelectronics promises even smaller instruments and devices. These developments taken
together with all pervasive wifi, may herald a major shift in health care generally, and clinical testing in particular, in which small wifi-enabled
wearable or implantable monitoring devices transmit a constant stream of information to a central server that is automatically monitored by
medical staff. Developments in micro and nanotechnology provide the underlying technological foundation for such a change - however,
progress in this direction will need not only the full realization of the technical promise of the emerging miniaturization technologies but also
significant economic motivation and social change.
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