Master Plan Summary - Aerodrom Ljubljana
Master Plan Summary - Aerodrom Ljubljana Master Plan Summary - Aerodrom Ljubljana
Master Plan Summary LjubLjana joŽE Pučnik airPort
- Page 2: DISCLAIMER: The sole responsibility
- Page 6: 2 Highlights By the year 2040 we pr
- Page 10: Economic Development Since 1993, af
- Page 14: • The “top down” approach tak
- Page 18: Passenger The base trend of the tot
- Page 22: historical forecast forecast foreca
- Page 26: T2 Extension TERMINAL 2 - GROUND FL
- Page 30: 30 Moreover it has been proven that
- Page 34: 7LJU Master Plan The Existing Situa
- Page 38: AIRPORT DEvELOPMENT CONCEPT (2040)
- Page 42: Car Parks - Unrestricted Area • E
- Page 46: Logistics Center • It is recommen
- Page 50: Fire Fighting • The fire fighting
<strong>Master</strong><br />
<strong>Plan</strong><br />
<strong>Summary</strong><br />
LjubLjana joŽE Pučnik airPort
DISCLAIMER: The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.<br />
Contents<br />
1. Message from the President of the Management Board 4<br />
2. Highlights 6<br />
3. Introduction 8<br />
4. Forecasts & Future Requirements 13<br />
5. The Macro-Economic Benefit to <strong>Ljubljana</strong> and the Region 28<br />
6. Land Use <strong>Plan</strong>ning 32<br />
7. LJU <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> 34<br />
8. Key Components of the LJU <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> 39<br />
9. Protecting our Environment 56<br />
10. Abbreviations 63
4<br />
1<br />
Message from the<br />
President of the<br />
Management Board<br />
LJUBLJANA AIRPORT IS SET TO BECOME THE LEADING<br />
PROVIDER OF AIR CONNECTIONS AND SERVICES IN<br />
THE REGION FOR PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRAFFIC.<br />
A tangible proposal for the future.<br />
The vision of <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong>, which manages the international <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Jože Pučnik<br />
Airport and its development, has for some years been a leading provider of air services in<br />
the wider region. A major advantage of the airport is its geostrategic position at a hub of<br />
major European routes. The development of airport and airport-related programmes will<br />
provide space and opportunities to develop supplementary services. The document we have<br />
prepared is a response to the question of how and when we can implement the vision<br />
towards which we are working and which we are committed to. The masterplan, using the<br />
analyses that formed the base for its preparations, offers the planned development of the<br />
airport up until 2040. It is the first masterplan in the airport’s history, representing a major<br />
milestone in the airport’s development as sustainable, high quality and secure infrastructure.<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> envisages that the growth in airport traffic will continue to be positive. It plans<br />
for 3.2 million passengers a year by 2030, and 4.1 million per year by 2040, which means<br />
that passenger traffic will increase on average by 3.35% per year between 2011 and 2040.<br />
The number of aircraft movements will also increase, but somewhat slower, with a planned<br />
2.23% annual growth until 2040.<br />
Freight traffic will also increase consistently. Air freight will increase by over 60,000 tonnes<br />
per year by 2040, while road freight will grow almost twice that amount.<br />
Traffic forecasts and financially feasible projects form the basis for spatial planning and<br />
infrastructure planning, so the masterplan sets out responses on the justification for and<br />
capacity of planned infrastructure. It confirms the need for the construction of the new<br />
passenger terminal, the coherence of the multi-modal logistics centre project with rail track<br />
to the airport and proposing the most effective options for the development of a commercial<br />
zone, technical and maintenance programmes, a freight area and general aviation area.<br />
Enabling traffic to increase also requires continued investment in the manoeuvring areas and<br />
the expansion and upgrading of the existing airport aprons. The document goes on to define<br />
the system for public areas and access, and support, security and safety infrastructure.<br />
Considerable attention is paid to assessing environmental impacts. The masterplan<br />
recommends planning and implementing in a<br />
manner that will satisfy the demands of all the airport’s stakeholders with the lowest<br />
possible negative impact on the environment and local population.<br />
The airport promotes economic growth and provides business and employment<br />
opportunities for the local and broader environment. We address these tasks responsibly<br />
and with great pride. Our strength compared to many other airports lies in the fact that we<br />
have considerable space for development, a clear vision and many ideas for the future.<br />
The masterplan has assessed these ideas and the result of the plan is a tangible proposal<br />
in space and time for the future of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> airport.<br />
Zmago Skobir,<br />
CEO and President of<br />
the Management Board
2<br />
Highlights<br />
By the year 2040 we predict the number of passengers using our airport each year<br />
will increase significantly, at an average growth rate of 3,35% per year and will reach<br />
approximately 4.1 million.<br />
Page 18<br />
The air flown cargo volume is estimated to grow from nearly 10,000 tons to over 60,000<br />
tons and truck freight should increase from 7,200 to over 100,000 tons by 2040.<br />
Page 18<br />
It is assumed that the new terminal in total 36,275 sqm will be available in 2013.<br />
Page 25<br />
Maneuvering areas, airport aprons, access system, landside airport business park Aeropolis<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong>, multi-modal logistics centre with rail track, car parking facilities, cargo facilities,<br />
hangars, GSE and secondary airport facilities will meet the future traffic demands.<br />
Page 27<br />
Within the next two decades more than 4,500 direct and 5,000 indirect jobs will be<br />
generated as a result of the overall development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport.<br />
Page 30<br />
A net added value of the airport will increase from 192,9 million Euros in 2008 to 440<br />
million Euros in 2030.<br />
Page 31<br />
We will plan and implement our future development in a manner that will satisfy the demands<br />
of all the airport’s stakeholders with the lowest possible negative impact on the environment<br />
and local population.<br />
Page 56
3 Introduction<br />
Welcome<br />
This <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is the first <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> in the Airport’s history and marks a milestone in the<br />
development of the airport as a sustainable, high-quality and safe infrastructure. It ensures<br />
that the airport is prepared to meet future transport needs by reserving areas on a financially<br />
viable basis and taking into account the environmental impact. The outcomes of the <strong>Master</strong><br />
<strong>Plan</strong> shall match with and shall be embedded in the municipality and state land use plans.<br />
The <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is not only a development concept but also<br />
an essential management strategic tool for coordinating the phased spatial development<br />
of the airport and areas of interest beyond the airport boundary. The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> shall<br />
provide long term planning reliability for all parties concerned (i.e. airport management,<br />
airport authorities, municipal authorities and real estate developers).<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> coordinates the development of the airport up to year 2040 in relation to<br />
its technical, environmental and business requirements. This period has been broken up into<br />
three main development phases;<br />
1. the short term future (design year 2015);<br />
2. the medium term future (design year 2025); and<br />
3. the long term future (design year 2040).<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> shall serve as a quick reference guide for all parties directly and indirectly<br />
affected by the airport development, including those that are less familiar with the precise<br />
aviation procedures and airport needs. It aims to reach a common understanding between<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport and its’ stakeholders on strategic outlook for the future<br />
development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport based on sustainable outcomes. Further, it creates long<br />
term planning clarity for customers, internal business units<br />
in relation to land use, infrastructure development and operational matters.<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is prepared to give a long-term outlook on the development of the airport<br />
and shall thus be a stable basis for individual projects. A regular review of the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
should be conducted in an interval of not less than 5 years or when the design parameters<br />
may have been rendered obsolete by sudden and unforeseeable circumstances.<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport, Slovenia<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport (IATA code: LJU, ICAO code: LJLJ) is the main international<br />
airport in the Republic of Slovenia, located approximately 27 km away from the capital, and<br />
largest city, of <strong>Ljubljana</strong>. The airport is strategically located in the center of Slovenia, in a<br />
region that generates ca. 44% of the country’s turnover and the highest GDP per capita<br />
within the country.<br />
It is also well located relative to central Europe, between the Alps and the Mediterranean<br />
Sea. The Airport has good road connections with the city and the regions.<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport serviced 1.4 million passengers in 2009 and 1.7 million in<br />
2008. The airport is used by passenger airlines and freight integrators such as UPS and<br />
DHL. It is also the hub of flag carrier Adria Airways.<br />
The Republic of Slovenia is located in central Europe in-between the eastern Alps and the<br />
Adriatic Sea, bordering Austria, Italy, Croatia and Hungary.<br />
Since the collapse of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia<br />
has become an independent parliamentary republic, and a stable democracy which has<br />
assisted in Slovenia´s transformation to a modern state.<br />
Since May 2004 the Republic is a member state of the EU with a full implementation of<br />
the Schengen agreement in 2008. Since January 2007 the EURO is the national currency,<br />
replacing the Slovenian Tolar.<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> is located in the middle of the country and surrounded by rural agricultural land<br />
and is the capital and economic center of Slovenia with about 280,000 inhabitants.<br />
Illustration 1: Transport Network in Slovenia<br />
8 9<br />
LJU Airport<br />
Kranj<br />
Zagreb
Economic Development<br />
Since 1993, after the Slovenian independence phase, the economy has started to grow<br />
more strongly than the EU average. The real GDP grew by CAGR 4.4% p.a. in the last 10<br />
years compared to the European average growth of 2.3%. Since the EU-membership in<br />
2004, the real GDP increased even by an CAGR 5.1% p.a. In 2007, the economy grew by<br />
6.8%, the highest growth rate in recent years, before declining to 3.5% in 2008.<br />
Today Slovenia has a high-income developed economy which enjoys the highest GDP per capita<br />
of the new member states in the European Union with 29,500 US$ (PPP) in 2008, or 88% of<br />
the EU average. The central geopolitical position at the cross-roads of trade and transport routes<br />
between the Balkans and Western Europe and the direct access to the sea through the Port of<br />
Koper gives Slovenia a cutting edge. The country additionally benefits from a well-educated and<br />
productive work force, and its political and economic institutions are vigorous and effective.<br />
Tourism Development<br />
With its geographical location in Central Europe, between the Alps and the Mediterranean<br />
Sea, Slovenia offers tourists a huge diversity of culture, nature and leisure activities such<br />
as city tourism, skiing in 45 ski regions, wellness & spa in 25 health resorts, golf on 11 golf<br />
courses, adventures activities like climbing, rafting, paragliding, cycling, etc, gambling and<br />
conference tourism, etc.<br />
Since the late 1990’s, the number of foreign tourists increased significantly while the number<br />
of domestic tourists grew only slightly. This was in part the result of the membership of the<br />
Schengen area in 2008 which allowed easier access for EU visitors. In 2008, Slovenian<br />
tourist accommodation facilities registered almost 1 million domestic and 1.771 million<br />
international tourist arrivals, generating a total of 2.766 million tourist arrivals and 8.412<br />
million overnight stays. In 2008, the number of accommodation rooms was accounted by<br />
over 32,000 beds with an average occupancy rate of 45%.<br />
Objectives<br />
The planning objectives and criteria taken as a basis for the preparation of the <strong>Master</strong><br />
<strong>Plan</strong> aim to define an optimal layout of the airport infrastructure facilities, whilst taking into<br />
account the environmental impacts and financial viability of the measures.<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> acknowledges the need for a balanced approach to development based on<br />
the following ‘Core Objectives’:<br />
• Expand airport infrastructure and increase traffic in order to become a leading<br />
provider of air connections and services in this region, for both passenger and cargo<br />
traffic;<br />
• Ensure provision of high quality and safe airport services;<br />
• Enhance the development of accompanying commercial activities and activities not<br />
directly related to airport operations; and<br />
• Provide a friendly environment and assure the well-being of passengers, employees,<br />
the local community and all other entities and personnel involved in the performance<br />
of airport services.<br />
After extensive consultation with key airport stakeholders, these Core Objectives were<br />
further expanded to include the following:<br />
Ensure provision of capacity to meet future demand:<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall provide sufficient capacity to serve the projected growth. In planning<br />
and designing facility improvements, <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall be adaptable to the changing<br />
needs of its customers, tenants, federal and local requirements. <strong>Plan</strong>ning and design shall<br />
allow a modular expansion of the assets according to the traffic development and shall<br />
provide sufficient flexibility to react to unexpected events.<br />
Social progress which recognizes the needs of the airport stakeholders:<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall continue to provide a safe, efficient and secure operating environment<br />
for passengers and their baggage. The airfield’s facilities shall be equipped with navigation<br />
equipment and lighting systems necessary for operating in poor weather conditions.<br />
Ensure reliable and consistent spatial planning:<br />
Due to its national importance, the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> shall serve as a starting point for the<br />
preparation of a detailed plan (“National Spatial <strong>Plan</strong>”) for the entire <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Jože Pučnik<br />
Airport area. It shall ensure that the airport is embedded in the urban and regional context.<br />
Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment:<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport is critical for attracting and retaining businesses in Slovenia. The airport is<br />
a vital part of the infrastructure that supports economic growth. The airport shall take a lead<br />
role in supporting economic development efforts and its operation shall be financially selfsustaining.<br />
The airport’s development shall be conducted in a financially feasible manner,<br />
balancing the need for new facilities with maintaining reasonable user charges. <strong>Aerodrom</strong><br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong>, d.d., acknowledges the importance of non-aviation revenues and pursues a<br />
strategy to attract potential investors.<br />
Effective protection of the environment<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall continue its proactive approach to the environment by ensuring<br />
that all future developments minimize the impact on the environment. In particular airfield<br />
improvements shall be planned to accommodate future aviation demand while at the same<br />
time minimize noise impacts on adjoining communities.<br />
Provide high quality journey experience<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall offer a pleasing experience to the users and customers. Its facilities<br />
shall be intuitively laid out, enabling “hassle-free” use by the air travelers and accommodate<br />
the special needs of the elderly, disabled and families traveling with children. The airport’s<br />
facilities shall be sufficient to maintain a high level of convenience and efficiency.<br />
10 11
Airport operations that maximize the efficient use of infrastructure<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall manage its asset in an efficient way by well-defined procedures, new<br />
technologies and equipment and highly qualified staff. It shall use the best practices from<br />
the industry to service the air traveling public and the community with good value.<br />
Remain as the gateway to the country<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport will remain the main gateway to Slovenia and the region’s premier<br />
passenger service airport. <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shall remain an international airport, with all the<br />
required facilities necessary to process international passenger arrivals and departures. It<br />
shall be configured to accommodate aircraft that fly intercontinental routes. The airport shall<br />
meet the increasing travel needs generated by the region’s growing economical activity and<br />
accommodates future growth in charter and travel group activities as well.<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> for <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport establishes a program for the improvement of existing<br />
facilities and the development of new facilities at the airport over the next 30 years.<br />
4 Forecasts &<br />
Future Requirements<br />
Traffic Analysis - <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport<br />
Forecast Methodology<br />
The traffic forecast system is divided into two sections: the historic analysis as well as the<br />
future prognosis of the traffic at the airport.<br />
The forecast methodology incorporates aviation related information, socio-economic<br />
information and the eagerness to use air transportation.<br />
The aviation related information is based on historical traffic trends of the airport itself as<br />
well as on general trends in the aviation industry and on the country (i.e. Slovenia) in which<br />
the airport is located.<br />
The socio-economic data base includes tourism trends, in the past to understand future<br />
potentials and influencing factors on this level. Macro-economic trends, such as population<br />
development and economic development, are main factors to recognize influencing factors<br />
on the future traffic.<br />
A combination of a “bottom up” (short-term forecast) and “top down” (long-term forecast)<br />
approach was used to reflect the changing elements over the forecast period.<br />
12 13<br />
Short-Term forecast<br />
Top-down approach<br />
=> demand-driven<br />
2007 2010 2015 2020<br />
Bottom-up approach<br />
=> “offer-driven”<br />
Long-Term forecast
• The “top down” approach takes into consideration the economic development as<br />
well as future tourism trends, propensity to travel, long-term airline strategies and<br />
airport infrastructure.<br />
• The “bottom up” approach is based on detailed development of the airlines’ strategies<br />
and their capacities offered which includes the consideration of airport schedules and<br />
statistics as well as the commitment of airlines to operate at the airport in the future.<br />
Historic Developments - Passenger Traffic<br />
PASSENGER (in millions)<br />
2<br />
1.5<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
- 0.5<br />
-1<br />
-1.5<br />
-2<br />
Passenger Development 2004 - 2010<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
PAX Commercial Growth<br />
Illustration 2: Passenger development LJU 2004 - 2010<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
- 5<br />
-10<br />
-15<br />
-20<br />
GROWTH (%)<br />
Key highlights:<br />
• 60% increase in passengers since 2004 (1,048,231 à 1,673,055 pax).<br />
• Solid increase of passengers between 2004 and 2008 after joining the EU.<br />
• Decrease of approx. 21% in 2009 was caused by the economic crisis 2008 (strong<br />
dependency on the economy).<br />
Historic developments - Cargo & Postal Traffic<br />
Key highlights:<br />
-28 %<br />
• Cargo development highly depends on the economic situation worldwide.<br />
0<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br />
• Commencing in 2008 Adria Airways stopped flying with full- freighter (2007: 20%<br />
share of freighter; 2 Mio kg).<br />
Cargo total Post total<br />
•<br />
•<br />
2/3 of the belly freight was flown by Adria (Jan-July 2009).<br />
Biggest full freighter Airlines in 2009: European Air Transport, Farnair, TNT Airways,<br />
Illustration 3: Cargo and Post Development LJU 2004 - 2008<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Solinair. Catchment Area<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport is the central airport of Slovenia, located to the north of<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> city.<br />
Approx. four million people are living in the catchment area within a radius of 120 min by car, which<br />
includes Slovenia, the southern part of Austria, the northeastern part of Italy and part of Croatia.<br />
The good road network results in the majority of passengers arriving at the airport by car.<br />
Favorable access from LJU within Slovenia and to / from the neighboring countries and<br />
tourist destinations and economic centers such as:<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> (city): 25 km (25 min)<br />
Portorož (Slovenian coast): 139 km (90 min)<br />
Bled (mountain region): 34 km (30 min)<br />
Zagreb (Croatia): 165 km (120 min)<br />
Klagenfurt (Austria): 60 km (60 min)<br />
Trieste (Italy): 150 km (90 min)<br />
Venice (Italy): 260 km (180 min)<br />
Illustration 4: Catchment area by driving time<br />
Source: LJU Airport<br />
14 15<br />
14.000.000<br />
12.000.000<br />
10.000.000<br />
8.000.000<br />
6.000.000<br />
4.000.000<br />
2.000.000<br />
0 %<br />
+42 %<br />
+87 %<br />
+31 %<br />
-4 % +6 % +5 %
Factors Affecting Traffic<br />
Fuel Price<br />
• Airline´s advantage is membership in the Star Alliance which enables passenger Passenger, Aircraft and Freight Forecasts<br />
Economy<br />
• For 2009 Slovenia is experiencing the worst crisis since independence, as GDP is<br />
expected to contract by about -4%.<br />
• The demand for oil, and thereof the oil prices, is highly dependent on global<br />
macroeconomic conditions. Experts believe that fuel price will increase in the long<br />
term, after the current economic downturn.<br />
connections to 912 airports through the world.<br />
As a result of the worldwide economic crisis, the air traffic in <strong>Ljubljana</strong> decreased by -14.4%<br />
in 2009. For 2010 the economic pick-up expected a little increase in the air traffic at<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport however it is unlikely that the traffic will return to pre-crisis levels for<br />
• A weak rebound should occur in 2010 as exports pick up.<br />
Airport<br />
several years.<br />
• Inflation will continue to moderate on the back of a rising output gap and higher • <strong>Ljubljana</strong> airport would like to focus on its hub potential in the future.<br />
North America<br />
Far East, Asia<br />
unemployment.<br />
• The main traffic growth expectations for Adria Airways will be transfer traffic from<br />
• In the long term the Slovenian economy is forecasted to grow on a higher level than<br />
the Balkans.<br />
Period CAGR<br />
YEAR PAX<br />
the EU average.<br />
• The majority of the traffic is outbound traffic, while only 40% are incoming passengers<br />
2011-2020<br />
2020-2030<br />
4,30<br />
3,19<br />
2015<br />
2020<br />
1.909.860<br />
2.330.848<br />
Tourism<br />
from abroad.<br />
5.000<br />
2030-2040<br />
2011-2040<br />
2,67<br />
3,35<br />
2030<br />
2040<br />
3.191.805<br />
4.155.313<br />
• Tourism offers an important development and business opportunity for Slovenia. Adria Airways<br />
Middle East<br />
4.000<br />
• Healthy growth rates have boosted the development of the Slovenian inbound tourist • Adria Airways strategy is to continue developing their hub at <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport and<br />
3.000<br />
•<br />
market.<br />
An increase in disposable income in Slovenia has positively benefited outbound<br />
increase the number of transfer/transit passengers from/to Western Europe to/from<br />
South East Europe, in particular the Balkan states.<br />
Africa<br />
2.000<br />
•<br />
tourism.<br />
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) the travel & tourism<br />
economy is expected to grow by 4.4% per annum in real terms between 2010 and<br />
2019.<br />
•<br />
•<br />
As a result of the economic crisis the number of passengers will decline in 2009,<br />
with Western Europe being the main market affected in terms of passenger declining.<br />
Adria Airways has also reduced one daily flight on the routes to Vienna, Frankfurt and<br />
Munich since July 09.<br />
national logistic points<br />
central logistic hub <strong>Ljubljana</strong><br />
European spokes<br />
distribution ‘Europe’<br />
1.000<br />
0<br />
2001 2010 2020<br />
LJUSTAT + STF<br />
2030<br />
BASE TREND<br />
2040<br />
• In March 2009, Adria Airways has signed a letter of intent with Airbus to purchase<br />
Illustration 5: European and International hub and spoke system (road, rail, air)<br />
Illustration 6: Passenger forecast (base trend)<br />
a new Airbus A319 aircraft. The management board intends to replace its existing<br />
Airbus A320 fleet with new Airbus A319 aircraft by 2013.<br />
Source: Feasibility Study “Logistic Center <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport”,<br />
Symbios, 2007<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
16 17
Passenger<br />
The base trend of the total number of passengers served by <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shows that:<br />
• Traffic volume will continue to grow and reach approximately 3.2 million in 2030 and<br />
4.1 million passengers in the year 2040.<br />
• This increase represents a compound annual growth rate of 3.35% between 2011<br />
and 2040.<br />
Illustration 7: Aircraft movements forecast (base trend)<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Period CAGR<br />
2011-2020 2,83<br />
2020-2030 2,14<br />
2030-2040 1,79<br />
2011-2040 2,23<br />
LJUSTAT + STF BASE TREND<br />
YEAR MOV<br />
2015 52.276<br />
2020 59.710<br />
2030 73.755<br />
2040 88.038<br />
100.000<br />
90.000<br />
80.000<br />
70.000<br />
60.000<br />
50.000<br />
40.000<br />
30.000<br />
20.000<br />
10.000<br />
0<br />
2001 2010 2020 2030 2040<br />
Aircraft Movements<br />
According to the passenger forecast, the number of aircraft movements at <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport<br />
is also expected to continue to grow after a decline caused by the crisis.<br />
• The number of movements is estimated to reach nearly 60,000 in the year 2020<br />
and 88,000 in 2040.<br />
• This increase represents a compound annual growth rate of 2.23% between 2011<br />
and 2040.<br />
Freight<br />
The handling of cargo at <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport will develop positively until 2040. This forecast is<br />
based on the feasibility study “Logistics Center <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport” 2007 which highlighted<br />
that the main reason for the positive growth within the next years is the construction of<br />
a multimodal logistic center and a rail link terminal. An infrastructure like this raises the<br />
attractiveness of the airport for freight-forwarders.<br />
• The air flown cargo volume is estimated to grow from nearly 10,000 tons in 2008<br />
to over 60,000 tons; and<br />
• Trucked freight should increase from 7,200 to over 100,000 tons by 2040.<br />
Design Day Profiles and peak hour levels<br />
The ‘Design Day Profile’ is the key component to identifying the future requirements of the<br />
airport and is considered the main consideration for planning purposes. Based on annual<br />
forecast figures and actual flight schedules, new flight schedules could be extrapolated<br />
and peak hour indicators for passenger and aircraft movements were forecasted in 5-years<br />
intervals.<br />
• The peak hour analysis shows that the airport terminal requires a capacity around<br />
1,770 passengers for adequate operation in 2030 (current capacity is 725<br />
passengers).<br />
• The peak hours for movements at <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport are related to the number of<br />
passengers as well as to the capacity of the operating aircraft.<br />
• The combined peak hour aircraft movements show a volume of 25 Air Traffic<br />
Movements in 2030<br />
18 19<br />
Tons of Cargo<br />
120.000,00<br />
100.000,00<br />
80.000,00<br />
60.000,00<br />
40.000,00<br />
20.000,00<br />
0,00<br />
2001 2010 2020 2030 2040<br />
Illustration 8: Air cargo forecast (base trend)<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Total Air (lown) Cargo Total Air (trucked) Cargo
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
20<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22<br />
23<br />
PAX Total PAX Arrival PAX Departure MOV Total MOV Arrival<br />
MOV Departure<br />
Illustration 9: Passenger traffic design day profile LJU 2008<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Illustration 10: Aircraft movements design day LJU 2008<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Peak Indicator Forecasts<br />
The following table summarizes the annual forecast figures and detailed results of the design<br />
day schedules up to 2030 for the typical peak day in August. Please note that for the year<br />
2040 a high level outlook was prepared by extrapolation only for required peak hour figures.<br />
Traffic Forecast Scenarios<br />
Based on the base trend forecast, two different development scenarios were considered,<br />
taking into account different development options at <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport.<br />
The “high case” scenario considers the current underdeveloped low cost sector at LJU<br />
and therefore calculated the expected effects of a generally stronger growth of the<br />
low cost segment at LJU. As a result of a stronger growth of low cost operations the<br />
average airfares will be reduced and the air travel demand is assumed to strongly<br />
increase to nearly 4.8 million passengers; the movements are estimated to grow to<br />
91,000 movements in 2040.<br />
In the “low case” scenario the possibility of a serious crisis and drop of traffic was considered<br />
with its expected effects on the traffic development at LJU. <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport is assumed to<br />
lose more than 400,000 passengers (-10.0%) compared to the base trend forecast in 2040<br />
and is estimated to reach 3.7 million passengers in 2040. New carriers will only take over<br />
the profitable routes and may not establish a hub in LJU but rather focus on point-to-point<br />
traffic. Ceased connections to minor airports – mainly in former Yugoslavian countries – will<br />
be outweighed by higher frequencies and increasing capacities on major European routes<br />
as well as LCCs entering the Slovenian market, taking advantage of the sudden vacuum in<br />
the market. The stronger growth on feeding routes, LCC city routes and touristic routes will<br />
also balance parts of the loss.<br />
20 21
historical forecast forecast forecast forecast forecast forecast<br />
Indicators 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040<br />
ANNUAL FORECAST LJU AIRPORT<br />
TOTAL PAx 1,673.055 1,470.000 1,909.860 2,330.848 2,750.534 3,191.805 4,155.313<br />
TOTAL O&D PAx 1,517.180 1,316.329 1,631.627 2,005.960 2,384.695 2,787.632 3,682.131<br />
TRANSFER PAx 145.013 144.244 266.254 310.616 349.401 385.556 450.100<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL PAx 1,662.193 1,460.573 1,897.881 2,316.576 2,734.096 3,173.188 4,132.231<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL SCHENGEN PAx 842.374 730.590 956.532 1,395.505 1,705.802 2,051.149 2,763.636<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL NON-SCHENGEN PAx 819.819 729.983 941.349 921.071 1,028.294 1,122.039 1,368.595<br />
TOTAL NON-COMMERCIAL PAx 10.862 9.427 11.979 14.272 16.438 18.617 23.082<br />
TOTAL ATM 47.945 44.057 52.276 59.710 66.733 73.755 88.038<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL PASSENGER ATM 31.876 30.241 34.377 40.464 46.111 51.734 63.163<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL SCHENGEN ATM 19.377 18.997 21.847 28.600 33.629 37.843 46.342<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL NON-SCHENGEN ATM 12.499 11.244 12.530 11.864 12.482 13.891 16.820<br />
TOTAL CARGO ATM 3.559 2.945 3.348 3.656 3.899 4.102 4.402<br />
TOTAL COMMERCIAL ATM 35.435 33.186 37.725 44.120 50.010 55.836 67.564<br />
TOTAL NON-COMMERCIAL ATM 12.510 10.871 14.551 15.590 16.723 17.919 20.474<br />
Illustration 11: Peak hour indicators<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
Illustration 12: Passenger forecast scenarios<br />
Source: HTA, Symbios<br />
LJU STAT+STF BASE TREND HIGH CASE LOW CASE<br />
Demand Forecasts - Future operational requirements<br />
The future operational requirements of LJU have been primarily derived from the Traffic<br />
and Peak Indicator Forecasts described above. In addition, service levels and international<br />
standards have also been considered with specific reference to IATA Service level C.<br />
Runway Requirements<br />
Movements 2015 2025 2040<br />
Annual Passengers (in millions) 1.91 2.75 4.16<br />
Annual Movements (in thousands) 52.3 66.7 88<br />
Design hour Movements<br />
(both directions)<br />
16 23 31<br />
According to Slovenia Control; the current capacity of the runway is restricted by certain<br />
circumstances to 25 movements per hour. However the following changes are required in<br />
order to increase the runway capacity:<br />
• Construction of a rapid exit taxiway (RET) at an optimum location and the incorporation<br />
of taxilanes for Code C aircraft wherever appropriate<br />
• Installation of a ground radar system; and<br />
• Construction of the new ATC tower at its new and much better location<br />
The runway can easily accommodate the expected long term traffic.<br />
22 23<br />
6.000.000<br />
5.000.000<br />
4.000.000<br />
3.000.000<br />
2.000.000<br />
1.000.000<br />
0<br />
2001 2010 2020 2030 2040
Aircraft stand requirements<br />
Passenger Apron<br />
The number of aircraft stands has been determined by using the design day schedules to<br />
satisfy the amount of night stands necessary during for the design day.<br />
General / Business Aviation Apron<br />
The aircraft stands demand for general / business aviation is generally higher than for<br />
regular passenger flights as business jets are not subject to frequent rotation.<br />
Stands 2015 2025 2040<br />
Code B 13 12 4<br />
Code C 7 10 22<br />
Code E 1 1 3<br />
Long Term and Contingency e.g. night parking etc.<br />
Code B 3 3 1<br />
Code C 2 2 5<br />
Code E - - 1<br />
Total 26 28 36<br />
Maintenance<br />
Every hangar stand should be complemented by one open apron stand for light maintenance<br />
and tests.<br />
Cargo<br />
The number of stands has been assessed on the design day schedule until 2030. For 2040<br />
an assessment has been made.<br />
Passenger Terminal - Terminal 2<br />
At <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport, the assessment of current terminal facilities showed that<br />
the existing passenger terminal is working at its capacity limits and cannot accommodate<br />
future passenger handling processes due to space and unit constraints.<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport has already planned to develop a new terminal in the near<br />
future. The new terminal will be developed next to the existing terminal. The airside areas of<br />
the existing terminal will be extended in the new terminal use. The plans for the construction<br />
of the new terminal are well advanced and have been considered as given in the <strong>Master</strong><br />
<strong>Plan</strong>. The drawings have been reviewed in terms of functionality and size. Terminal 2 will be<br />
a new processor providing all functional facilities required for passenger handling.<br />
It is assumed that the new terminal will be opened in 2013. The added total gross floor area<br />
amounts to 31.175 sqm. From the existing terminal approximately 5,100 will be further<br />
used as passenger terminal facilities. In total 36,275 sqm will be available in 2013.<br />
Most functional areas of the planned terminal will be sufficient for the long term future until<br />
2040. Only a few functional areas, especially the baggage system, need to be extended<br />
before 2040. The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> recommends to modularly extend the terminal in 2030.<br />
Passenger Terminal - Functional Requirements<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> analysis indicates that with the inclusion of Terminal 2, to the current<br />
passenger terminal, LJU has sufficient space to meet the growing demands of the airport<br />
infrastructure except in some minor areas. These areas have been considered as part of the<br />
master plan and appropriate extensions have been planned. Other key findings from this<br />
review include:<br />
• Capacity of Terminal 2 in general is sufficient until 2030<br />
• Some areas or units need to be upgraded in future<br />
• Departure Hall needs to be enlarged in 2040<br />
• Self Check-In counters should be installed in the new terminal<br />
• Additional departure screening units and passport boxes for departure / transfer<br />
need to be installed in long term future<br />
• One more Schengen contact gate is required in 2040 (For Non-Schengen 3 are<br />
required and 4 are available)<br />
• One additional transfer screening units is required in 2040<br />
• Arrival passport boxes are not sufficient from 2025 onwards<br />
• Additional baggage belts are required<br />
• Arrivals customs area needs to be enlarged in 2040<br />
24 25
T2 Extension<br />
TERMINAL 2 - GROUND FLOOR<br />
T2 Extension<br />
TERMINAL 2 - 1ST<br />
T2<br />
T2<br />
T1<br />
T1<br />
Future Requirements - Overview<br />
A similar assessment was conducted in all functional areas of the airport. This assessment<br />
determined the airports ability to meet the future demands on its infrastructure based on<br />
the traffic and peak indicator forecasts. Necessary expansions and or mitigation have been<br />
included into the master plan to ensure the airport is well placed to maintain its high service<br />
levels. Some of the key findings highlighted from this review include:<br />
Commercial Passenger Terminal<br />
• Total commercial space planned for the new Terminal 2 will be sufficient beyond<br />
2030.<br />
• Some commercial areas like VIP lounge, conferencing facilities and shops could be<br />
located in the existing Terminal 1.<br />
• Car Parking<br />
• Current total public car parking capacity is sufficient until 2012.<br />
• If the existing multi-story car park will entirely be used for short-term public car<br />
parking only, the current capacity would be sufficient until 2030.<br />
• Aeropolis (the already planned airport business park) will generate additional staff<br />
parking demand.<br />
• From 2030 onwards a reduction of the staff parking requirements has been assumed<br />
due to the inauguration of the railway connection.<br />
• Given the current operational concept the car rental agencies and taxi companies<br />
would require additional parking spaces in the multi-story car park.<br />
• The future demand for public bus and coach parking spaces leads to the consideration<br />
of relocating or splitting the current bus parking area.<br />
Aeropolis - landside Airport Business Park<br />
• After several meetings with different local experts it can be assumed that the<br />
area of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport shows a certain demand for several landside real estate<br />
developments.<br />
• The successful implementation of the business centre facilities depends strongly on<br />
marketing initiatives.<br />
• In the category between four star and four star plus a hotel with an initial capacity of<br />
120 rooms could be established until 2015.<br />
• In a later phase a two to three star hotel with a capacity of 100 rooms could meet<br />
the market demand.<br />
• A retail outlet like a supermarket could be developed in two phases starting with a<br />
sales area of 1,000 sqm which could be extended to 1,720 sqm.<br />
• The logistics centre includes a duty free warehouse and several other warehouses<br />
which may be occupied independently from each other.<br />
• For further details please refer to page 33.<br />
Cargo Facilities, Hangars & GSE<br />
• A proper development of <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong>’s cargo terminal would need a location<br />
with adequate extension opportunity<br />
• The cargo centre would be operated by third parties and should be ideally located in<br />
the proximity of <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong>’s cargo terminal.<br />
• According to Adria Airways, they require an additional code C hangar and in long<br />
term a code E hangar.<br />
• For GSE storage, a second facility shall be provided for a future second ground<br />
handler.<br />
• GSE plot size area indicates the total area for GSE including building.<br />
Secondary Airport Facilities<br />
• An extension of the in-flight catering facility requires the relocation of the entire area.<br />
• The expected demand for office space by administration staff of <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong><br />
does not lead to the need of a new building.<br />
• The growth rates for General Aviation facilities are pegged to the average GDP<br />
growth with exception Solinair and LinxAir have stated requirements for 2015.<br />
• The requested Solinair facility is a hangar for maintenance of aircraft.<br />
• The General Aviation Center will be enlarged and moved to a dedicated area to allow<br />
for further growth.<br />
26 27
5<br />
The macro-economic<br />
benefit to <strong>Ljubljana</strong><br />
and the region<br />
Overview<br />
Since the earliest days there is a clear and proven link between the regional or national<br />
economical development and the demand for mobility. Whereas the transportation industry<br />
benefits from the regional development of an industry, it is in parallel a fundamental catalyst<br />
to ensure that the full economical growth can be gained and will be sustained.<br />
Demand for<br />
Mobility<br />
Catalytic effects<br />
Catalytic effects<br />
Economical<br />
Growth<br />
Today mobility is the common base for innovative, sustainable and global economic growth.<br />
Thereby the opportunity to transport goods, people and information within a shortening<br />
timeframe is a fundamental location advantage within the global competitive market. Hence<br />
for each country or region it is an increasing challenge to keep pace with the increasing<br />
demand for mobility.<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
Thousand Kilometers/Year<br />
0<br />
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050<br />
OECD North America Eastern Europe China India<br />
OECD Pacific Former Soviet Union Other Asia Africa<br />
OECD Europe Latin America Middle East<br />
Illustration 13: Regional growth in per capita transaction activity<br />
Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development<br />
Methodology<br />
The economical assessment of the benefits of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport on the City of<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> and the Osrednjeslovenska region is based on a macro-economical impact study.<br />
As indicated within the illustration (right), the impact assessment can be subdivided into two<br />
major effect categories. Whereas the first category mainly results from the production of the<br />
air transportation, the second category is focusing on effects resulting from the utilization of it.<br />
Conclusions<br />
In order to evaluate the base to balance the economical benefits and potential damages,<br />
which result from the future development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport, the report<br />
in hand, has outlined major economical benefits for the City of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> and the<br />
Osrednjeslovenska region, which can be assigned to the future development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong><br />
International Airport.<br />
The key-indicators for the economical necessity of the airport for the local region have<br />
been grouped into direct, indirect, induced and catalyzed effects, which are expressed<br />
by an increased:<br />
• Employment,<br />
• Income,<br />
• Regional purchasing power and<br />
• Regional net added value.<br />
Air Transportation<br />
Effects resulting<br />
from the production of<br />
”air transportation”<br />
Effects resulting<br />
from the ullization of<br />
”air transportation”<br />
Direct On - site<br />
effects Off - site Purchasing<br />
Power of direct<br />
or indirect<br />
Indirect<br />
effects<br />
employed people<br />
Catalyzed<br />
effects<br />
Economic factor Location factor<br />
28 29<br />
Induced<br />
effects<br />
Employment, Income & Net Added Value Effects
30<br />
Moreover it has been proven that the above listed indicators are directly linked to the future<br />
traffic growth (passengers and cargo) of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport. Hence, the higher<br />
the traffic growth rates the larger the overall economical benefit of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International<br />
Airport.<br />
Consequently, based on the future traffic growth of 4% (CAGR), the airport is more than<br />
doubling its regional employment effect within the next two decades. In 2030, more than<br />
4,500 direct and 5,079 indirect/induced jobs are generated as a result of the overall<br />
development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport. Thereby these 9,500 affected employees are<br />
further strengthening the regional economy as their total income sums up to more than 50<br />
million Euros (direct income) and 60 million Euros (indirect income) in 2030. Hence, based<br />
on real terms and 2008 salaries, the airport is actively generating an additional regional<br />
purchasing power of 115 million Euros (2030).<br />
Macro - Economic Effects of LJU Airport 2008 2030<br />
Direct employment effect 2,000 4,514<br />
Indirect/induced employment effect 2,200 5,079<br />
Total employment effect 4.200 9,593<br />
Direct income effect 1,2 [m EUR] 24.3 54.9<br />
Indirect/induced income effect 1,2 [m EUR] 26.3 60.7<br />
Total income effect 1,2 [m EUR] 50.6 115.7<br />
Direct net value added effect 1,3 [m EUR] 91.8 207.3<br />
Indirect/induced net value added effect 1,3 [m EUR] 101.0 233.3<br />
Total net value added effect 1,3 [m EUR] 192.9 440.6<br />
Percentage of gross domestic product<br />
of the Osrednjeslovenska region<br />
1 in real terms<br />
2 based on 2008 salaries<br />
3 based on 2008 labor productivity<br />
1.5% -<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport is currently generating a net added value of 192.9 million<br />
Euros (2008), which will further increase, based on the future traffic growth, to 440 million<br />
Euros in 2030. Hence, as the airport is already generating approximately 1.5% of the<br />
total GDP within the Osrednjeslovenska region, its future growth potential is of significant<br />
importance to the regional and national economy.<br />
Moreover, in addition to these monetary economic benefits, the airport is actively enhancing<br />
the regional attractiveness as a national and international business location which stipulates<br />
the overall regional economic development. Even though the wider spin-off benefits of<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport such as:<br />
• Reduced costs of trade movement,<br />
• Increased location factor, and<br />
• Rapid movement of passengers and goods,<br />
are less tangible, they are of equal national importance for Slovenia as the associated direct,<br />
indirect and educed economical benefits.<br />
Hence, <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport as the international air transportation gateway of<br />
Slovenia is:<br />
• Actively facilitating the national trade development,<br />
• Indispensable for the in- and outbound tourism development, and<br />
• A key catalyst to improve the national productivity.<br />
Thus, approximately 20 years after Slovenia’s independence, the total contribution of<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport to the safeguarding of jobs and a sustainable development of<br />
the national net added value is one of the major pillars of the existing social, economic and<br />
cultural welfare of Slovenia.<br />
Likewise the airport is nowadays representing Slovenia’s international gateway and offering<br />
all Slovenes the opportunity to fully live out their own freedom of mobility.<br />
Therefore in order to further develop the Slovenian transportation strategy and to connect<br />
the national transportation system to the overall Trans European Transport Network, it is<br />
essential to evaluate the need for the future development of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport,<br />
including its railway connectivity, and to estimate potential economical and social damages,<br />
which may result from a lack of capacity in the future.<br />
A clear national development strategy can only be defined based on the comparison of the<br />
economic and social benefits of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport to the potential environmental<br />
and social damages.<br />
31
6Land<br />
Use <strong>Plan</strong>ning<br />
The Necessity for a Land-Bank<br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport is a prime airport of national significance to Slovenia. As an<br />
airport, it is recognizably a strategic national asset and a socio-economic catalyst for the<br />
country’s development.<br />
For future planning purposes, it is also important to recognize that the sustained preservation<br />
of this land-bank is far more cost-effective and certainly less onerous than any compelling<br />
need in the future to rebuild a new facility on a greenfield site.<br />
Land Use Concept<br />
Future land-banking can only be undertaken if there is a clear and agreed understanding<br />
of the ultimate use of each and every zone within the airport site. Accordingly, the following<br />
Land-Use Concept was developed, as a first step and in close association with airport<br />
1.<br />
Area<br />
designated<br />
for new<br />
Landside<br />
Commercial<br />
Area<br />
Area designated for new Maintenance<br />
Repair Overhaul (MRO) & Airport<br />
Operational Facilities<br />
Area<br />
designated<br />
for new<br />
Cargo,<br />
Integrator &<br />
GA Facilities<br />
management, to define the current and future use of airport related land.<br />
The benefits of developing the long term zoning strategy are:<br />
• to organize the airport area by allocating areas for specified developments,<br />
• to ensure that different parts of the airport can be expanded in a flexible way and<br />
according to their specific requirements,<br />
• to ensure that any such expansion shall be possible with minimal disruption to the<br />
airport operations,<br />
• to provide an important communication tool to the wider community, stakeholders<br />
and the airport company,<br />
• to future proof investments and developments,<br />
• to ensure that developments are undertaken in a structured, safe and cost efficient way.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
32 33
7LJU <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
The Existing Situation<br />
Runway:<br />
Dimensions 3,300m x 45m +7.5m shoulder each side, Asphalt Pavement (under<br />
refurbishment) PCN 110, Turn Pads, 4E .<br />
Taxiway System:<br />
Efficient system for current demand with a parallel TWY and several connection taxiways to<br />
RWY and apron areas.<br />
Apron System:<br />
Main apron (19+5 new standard stands), Maintenance apron, GA apron, sufficient for<br />
current demand.<br />
Navigation Aids:<br />
Equipped with Visual and Radio NAVAIDS and according to ICAO (ILS31 Cat IIIb, markings,<br />
signs, lighting, DVOR, NDB, DME).<br />
Defining the <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
In maintaining consistency with the declared objectives of this Project, and to preserve LJU’s<br />
existential possibilities, the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> aims to achieve the following objectives:<br />
• the master plan is configured to satisfy all future requirement as described in Section<br />
2 of this document,<br />
• to enable the runway capacity to be increased, provisions are made to receive and<br />
take advantage of RET’s should the need arise in the future. They include increasing<br />
the apron depth and the provision of taxi lanes for Code C aircraft wherever possible<br />
to accommodate a looping arrangement for taxiing,<br />
• assert the need to relocate the Military/Police Zone so as to open possibilities for<br />
future growth and to maintain consistency with expedient civilian and commercial<br />
airport operations,<br />
• take consideration of any environmental impact arising from the airport’s expansion<br />
in the time horizon envisaged,<br />
• in rationalizing CAPEX demand in master plan, existing assets are preserved and<br />
utilized to the best extent possible,<br />
• to optimize land-use within the overall airport site with logical zoning (clustering or<br />
centralization) of various functional/operational elements (i.e. Passenger & Cargo<br />
Processing, Aircraft Repair & Maintenance, General Aviation and Airport Technical<br />
Functions).<br />
The development options are presented in the years 2015, 2025 and 2040 to reflect events<br />
that are slated to occur during the time-horizon of the master plan. These events are as<br />
described in the chart below:<br />
2010<br />
2013<br />
2025<br />
2030<br />
2040<br />
Starting phase of master plan<br />
New Terminal2 (T2) will become operational<br />
and back space in old T1 becomes available<br />
for alternative use.<br />
Military & Police Zone is usable<br />
for civil airport operations<br />
Assume availability of railway service to airport<br />
The end phase of the master plan time horizon.<br />
34 35
AIRPORT DEvELOPMENT CONCEPT (2015) AIRPORT DEvELOPMENT CONCEPT (2025)<br />
36 37
AIRPORT DEvELOPMENT CONCEPT (2040)<br />
8Key Components<br />
of the LJU<br />
<strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Runway<br />
• The existing runway is sufficient to handle the traffic of up to 35 movements per<br />
peak hour during the planning horizon.<br />
Taxiways<br />
• Construction of Taxiway shoulders according to ICAO recommendations for code E<br />
in Phase 3.<br />
• Connecting taxiway between passenger apron and maintenance apron.<br />
• Additional connecting taxiways to the new apron areas.<br />
• Redesign of Taxiway G to a regular Rapid Exit Taxiway.<br />
Apron<br />
• Expansion of the passenger apron in north-west direction.<br />
• Expansion of the maintenance apron at the maintenance hangars.<br />
• Development of a new cargo apron south of the military<br />
and police area.<br />
• Development of a new Business / General Aviation apron<br />
at the south-east end of the airport.<br />
38 39
Access Road<br />
• Relocation of access road within Phase 1.<br />
• Three new roundabouts to access the airport area (Design provided by the airport),<br />
• First roundabout = access to terminal (Terminal Link).<br />
• Second roundabout = access to commercial area (Commercial Link).<br />
• Third roundabout = access to cargo and GA area (Cargo Link).<br />
• Access road needs a second lane per direction in Phase 3.<br />
Terminal Link<br />
New Access Road<br />
Commercial Link<br />
Existing Access Road<br />
Cargo Link<br />
Terminal Curb<br />
• The total length of the new curb is 215 m and consists of;<br />
• Parking lane for taxis, drop-off and pick-up located directly in front of the terminal.<br />
• Maneuvering area in the back of the parking lane.<br />
• One-directional drive through lane.<br />
• Access road needs a second lane per direction in Phase 3.<br />
40 41
Car Parks – Unrestricted Area<br />
• Existing multi-story car park (A), open air car park (B) and bus car park (G) are<br />
incorporated into the future parking concept.<br />
• New multi-story car park (C) is assumed to open in 2015 with a capacity of 1,680<br />
spaces and a new car rental center on ground level.<br />
• First phase of new open air car park D is expected to open in 2015 (140 stands) with<br />
a planned extension (2021) to a total of around 500 stands.<br />
• It is assumed that new open air car park E will open in 2021 and extended in 2030.<br />
• New bus car park (H) would open in 2013.<br />
• Additional parking capacity is planned for the Airport City (F).<br />
Car Parks – Restricted Area<br />
• The airport already plans the opening of the new open air car park A in 2012 which<br />
will provide 600 staff parking spaces for the airport maintenance area.<br />
• Phased extension of Adria Airways parking lot B (2015, 2021 and 2030) to a total<br />
capacity of around 450 stands.<br />
• Third parties will use existing car parks (C)<br />
• <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> foresees appropriate parking capacity for employees working in the<br />
cargo facilities (D) or general aviation center (E).<br />
• Opening of first phase is planned in 2015 with extension in 2030 to a total of around<br />
560 stands.<br />
General Aviation<br />
• The company Linxair requires additional facilities for Phase 1.<br />
• Due to the required maintenance hangar of Solinair the facilities<br />
of GIO needs to be relocated for Phase 1.<br />
• Relocation of the General Aviation Center to the south-east in Phase 3.<br />
• Re-use of the old GA Center for Solinair for Phase 3.<br />
42 43<br />
PHASE 3 - 2040
Retail Outlet<br />
• Optimal position for a supermarket at the exit to the main airport road.<br />
• Passengers as well as meeters and greeters leaving the airport would pass by the<br />
outlet.<br />
• Employees working in the passenger terminals or within the airport technical zone<br />
could reach the supermarket within walking distance.<br />
• Development of the retail outlet is recommended in two phases starting with<br />
approximately 1,000 sqm sales area in 2015 and another 1,000 sqm sales area<br />
Hotel<br />
in 2023.<br />
• Construction of a 3*+ - 4* hotel building in front of new multi-story car park with<br />
assumed opening in 2015.<br />
• Covered walkway to Terminal 2 and link to the car park provide hotel guests with a<br />
convenient and short connection to these facilities.<br />
• To diversify the hotel offer at the airport a budget hotel has been planned (opening in<br />
2020) in wider geographical distance from the passenger terminal than the 3*+ - 4*<br />
hotel.<br />
Business Center<br />
• Location provides a fast access to Gorenjska motorway via the main airport road.<br />
• Passenger terminal facilities are reachable within walking distance.<br />
• To stimulate the market demand openings of buildings A and B are planned already<br />
in 2015 and 2017.<br />
• Buildings C and D would follow in 2021 and 2026 and building E in 2031.<br />
44 45
Logistics Center<br />
• It is recommended to rededicate the existing DHL building in the new duty free<br />
warehouse.<br />
• Duty free operator would lease half of the DHL building in 2016 and the entire<br />
building in 2026.<br />
• Positioning of further large-sized warehouses is suggested opposite the new cargo<br />
facilities.<br />
• Opening of the first big block of 4,000 sq m warehouse space already in 2015.<br />
Cargo Terminal (operated by <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong>)<br />
• Greenfield area offers the advantage of sufficient landside and airside staging and<br />
manipulation area.<br />
• Start developing the cargo facilities at the border to the military zone.<br />
Cargo Center (operated by third parties)<br />
• With beginning of 2015, the opening of the first phase of the new cargo center is<br />
suggested.<br />
• Tenants like DHL, UPS, Kuehne + Nagel or Panalpina are expected to move into that<br />
new center.<br />
46 47
GSE, vehicle Maintenance, Heavy Airfield vehicles<br />
• At <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport it is recommended to develop a centralized area for<br />
technical and maintenance facilities with a close access to the airside area.<br />
• An airside access gate will be developed where the existing air cargo terminal is<br />
located.<br />
• For a second ground service provider in future, the ground service equipment shall<br />
be developed in the centralized technical area.<br />
• The new configuration of the facilities in long term development allows sufficient<br />
staging areas for equipment around the buildings.<br />
Aircraft Maintenance<br />
• Adria Airways is planning their third code C hangar next to the existing hangars.<br />
• The Solinair hangar is required in first Phase until 2015.<br />
• In long term, an additional code E hangar for Adria Airways can be developed at<br />
Adria land<br />
48 49
Fire Fighting<br />
• The fire fighting station is located at the center of the airport, directly next to the air<br />
cargo facility.<br />
• In general, the fire brigade is equipped and trained for the ICAO <strong>Aerodrom</strong>e Rescue<br />
and Fire Fighting Category 6. On request, the fire fighting services can also meet the<br />
Category 9 requirements.<br />
• The fire brigade currently operates four fire fighting vehicles.<br />
• For the future traffic, the fire station shall be upgraded to category 8. This means<br />
a required number of fire fighting vehicles of three and equipment for category 8.<br />
• The fire station at its present location is sufficient to secure the runway and adjacent<br />
areas in case of an aircraft accident. The location is almost in the middle of the<br />
airport. The distance to threshold 13 is approximately 1,700m and to threshold 31<br />
approximately 2,500 m (on service roads and runway). This is close enough to reach<br />
the thresholds within acceptable time. The land side areas and the terminal can also<br />
be secured by this fire fighting station.<br />
• For the future it is recommended to leave the fire fighting station at its present<br />
location and upgrade it to fire fighting category 8.<br />
Power Supply<br />
• A new connection cable of 110kV will assure a capacity of 2x20 MVA.<br />
• A new distribution power station 110/20kV will be developed at the airport<br />
(recommended location see figure).<br />
• The new terminal needs a power supply of 3.2 MVA. A transformer station with 3<br />
transformers of 1.2 MVA each the demand is satisfied. When the terminal will be<br />
extended in 2030, an additional transformer needs to be installed.<br />
• The transformers shall be located inside the new terminal or near the terminal for<br />
example inside the “white house”.<br />
Water Supply<br />
• A new water pump station is required in the new future.<br />
• The new passenger apron, cargo and general aviation apron shall be equipped with<br />
fire fighting hydrant system.<br />
• The area for the business center, the hotels and the new car park shall be connected<br />
to the water supply system until 2015 to provide the infrastructure.<br />
Heating<br />
• In future it is recommended to keep the decentralized heating centers and not<br />
developing a centralized heating center.<br />
• The airport will be connected with a new natural gas pipeline and the facilities at the<br />
airport will be heated with gas.<br />
• All existing heating centers need to be turned to gas heating centers.<br />
• A dedicated main Gas Transformer Station (GTS) needs to be installed.<br />
Sewage System<br />
• It is planned in future to connect the airport sewage system with a new pipeline to<br />
the local community sewage system.<br />
• The connection shall be developed to the existing water treatment plant where a<br />
pump station needs to be developed.<br />
• The connection shall be developed to the existing water treatment plant where a<br />
pump station needs to be developed.<br />
• It is necessary to construct a new connection pipeline from the terminal area to the<br />
existing water treatment plant respectively new pump station.<br />
50 51
Surface Water<br />
• New retention (basins or ponds) have to be planned and implemented along with the<br />
new apron development areas.<br />
• New separators need to be installed at all aprons.<br />
• A new covered retention basin will be required in the eastern part of the airport land.<br />
• During winter months the de-icing liquids from the de-icing pads shall be led to the<br />
pollution control at the de-icing pad on the passenger apron.<br />
• The design is in line with the requirements of LJU airport.<br />
Railway Connectivity<br />
In parallel to the preparation of this <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, a railway connectivity feasibility study<br />
was carried out by a separate consultancy firm. During the course of the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
project, coordination meetings took place between both project teams. The consultation has<br />
indicated that<br />
• There will be a link to the airport from <strong>Ljubljana</strong> City;<br />
• That there will be a link to the Passenger Terminal from the main line,<br />
• That the main line is likely to run on the Northern side of the Runway although the<br />
Southern side will be maintained as an alternative.<br />
Alternative - Connection Light Rail (blue)<br />
The <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> assumes that until 2030 the airport is expected to be linked to a rail system<br />
(tram line or rail loop to the main railway line) with high capacity and reliability.<br />
Modal Logistics Center<br />
The multi-modal logistics center (MLC) is mentioned in the context of this <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
on the merits of a previous study conducted by Symbios for <strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong> in 2007.<br />
The MLC is relevant to the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> also because it carries a significant impact on the<br />
cargo traffic assessment. In the context of future requirements for cargo facilities, the MLC<br />
is seen as a growth catalyst that contributes to substantial increases in <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport’s<br />
Alternative - Loop Connection Railway (blue)<br />
expected cargo throughput in the future. According to Symbios’ prognosis, the absence of<br />
the MLC alongside the airport may compromise <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport’s growth opportunities in<br />
cargo related traffic. Being a multi-modal facility, its development is concurrent with the<br />
development of the proposed railway alignment in the vicinity of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport.<br />
PROPOSED RAIL CONNECTION (BLUE)<br />
MULTI-MODAL LOGISTICS CENTER (GREEN)<br />
52 53
The development of a landside business park area described above (page 15) in called<br />
project Aeropolis <strong>Ljubljana</strong>.<br />
Over the next ten years, Aeropolis <strong>Ljubljana</strong>, the key development project of <strong>Aerodrom</strong><br />
<strong>Ljubljana</strong> and a city in its own right, will be built on 80 ha next to Slovenia’s national<br />
airport. Located at the strategically important intersection of the fifth and the tenth European<br />
transport corridor, this is one of the most ambitious development projects of national<br />
importance.<br />
Aeropolis aggregates all the characteristics of a promising real estate development project<br />
because of:<br />
Strategic Location<br />
Advantageously located at the intersection of two transport corridors which connect central<br />
and SE Europe.<br />
Accessibility<br />
Located next to the A2 motorway, the approach road to the capital city of <strong>Ljubljana</strong>; the<br />
proximity of the Port of Koper; only a few hours drive away from major business centres in<br />
neighbouring countries; and lastly, an air link to European commercial and industrial hubs,<br />
make Aeropolis an excellent starting point for successful international business.<br />
Profitability<br />
The exceptional location, flexible design concept and the current lack of facilities available at<br />
the airport, make Aeropolis a prime, relatively low risk investment opportunity.<br />
Illustration 14: Aeropolis<br />
Source: Protim Ržišnik Perc<br />
Contemporary Design<br />
Buildings in Aeropolis will be designed according to the most modern principles of profitability,<br />
cost-efficiency and sus¬tainability.<br />
Adaptability<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>ned on the principles of modular architecture, buildings in Aeropolis will allow occupiers<br />
to develop and shape space according to their needs.<br />
More on Aeropolis <strong>Ljubljana</strong>: http://www.aeropolis.si<br />
55
9Protecting<br />
our environment<br />
Overview<br />
Noise Pollution<br />
Naturally, aircraft noise is one of the most crucial factors that may cause an impact on the<br />
environment in the vicinity of an airport. For <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport aircraft noise was calculated<br />
on the basis of an air traffic forecast and according to the provisions of the Slovenian decree<br />
on limit values for environmental noise indicators.<br />
The traffic forecast contains information about the number of Air Traffic Movements (ATM)<br />
for the year 2030. Additional information was collected (e.g. about preferred arrival and<br />
departure directions) and assumptions where made (e.g. about the aircraft mix). The<br />
outcome is pictured with noise contours for different day times which are shown in plans<br />
1 – 4 of the EIA.<br />
As shown the relevant critical values for commercial areas which occur laterally to the RWY are<br />
confined to the airport territory. These areas can’t be build-up in any case. Therefore, the planned<br />
development of the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is not restricted by aircraft noise. Furthermore existing or planned<br />
residential areas are also not affected by the respective noise contours in lateral direction.<br />
In south-eastern only agricultural areas or forests lie within the noise contours. No buildings (e.g.<br />
residential or commercial) exist or are planned there. In contrast, in north-western direction parts<br />
of the settlement of Šenčur are affected by critical noise level during the evening period (18 – 22<br />
h) as shown in the following table (values given for the location of the existing measuring station<br />
east of Šenčur). This is the only part of the study area where aircraft noise affects the human<br />
environment to a significant degree. In this area both noise insulation for existing residential<br />
buildings and a ban on the construction of new residential buildings are required.<br />
Measuring<br />
Station<br />
Šenčur<br />
Calculation<br />
2030<br />
LDEN<br />
dB(A)<br />
00 – 24 h<br />
LDay<br />
dB(A)<br />
06 – 18 h<br />
LEvening<br />
dB(A)<br />
18 – 22 h<br />
LNight<br />
dB(A)<br />
22 – 06 h<br />
63 62 62 46<br />
Limit Values 65 65 60 55<br />
Illustration 15: Future noise levels in Šenčur<br />
Source: Own calculations, decree on limit values for environmental noise indicators, Annex<br />
1, Table 3)<br />
Air Pollution<br />
With regard to air emissions it can be found in the air traffic forecast that the number of air<br />
traffic movements will be approx. 1.5 times higher in 2030 than it is today. The landside<br />
traffic might even rise further, because of the planned business, commercial, and retail<br />
activities. However, no data are available that show a comprehensive picture which is taking<br />
into account all sources of pollution. Usually, hot spots for air emissions at airports are the<br />
RWY, TWYs, aprons, and the access roads. Both the airport movement areas and the primary<br />
road access from the airport to the motorway A2/E61 are at some distance from the nearest<br />
residential areas. It is recommended to undertake respective studies on landside traffic<br />
and on air emissions from aircraft and motor vehicles to confirm the assumption that no<br />
significant impact would be expected from these sources.<br />
Ground Water<br />
In the current situation the de-icing material urea is mainly responsible for the pollution<br />
of groundwater. Consequently, it is necessary to replace the used chemicals with a more<br />
environmental friendly one. The potential impact on groundwater by the planned development<br />
comes mainly from the size of the new sealed areas and the wastewater from the new<br />
buildings. With about 84 ha of new sealed area until 2040 the amount of sealed areas<br />
in the airport area doubles. Therefore, appropriate measures have to be taken to collect<br />
the rainwater and to make sure that only non-contaminated rainwater is released into<br />
the groundwater (thus keeping the existing level of groundwater recharge). Contaminated<br />
rainwater shall be collected together with the faecal water from the buildings and has to be<br />
treated in a treatment plant.<br />
A description of the natural environment in the study area was gained from several<br />
environmental reports. Those were compared with the results of a site investigation. There<br />
are no protected areas or protected species in the vicinity of <strong>Ljubljana</strong> Airport. The most<br />
important habitats are the grassland on the airport and the surrounding forests. It can be<br />
concluded that there is no significant spatial differentiation within the study area, at least<br />
there are no environmental no-go areas. Therefore, no obvious constraints for development<br />
can be made out from an environmental standpoint.<br />
Flora & Fauna<br />
In order to assess the impact on flora and fauna and their habitats the current situation of<br />
land use in the study area has been compared with the planned development areas. The<br />
outcome is pictured in plan 5 which shows where these areas overlap. The following table<br />
and illustration show the affected areas per current land use and development phase. A<br />
third of the new sealed area in 2040 affects forests and a third affects grassland. The<br />
remaining third consist of already sealed areas, urban waste land and areas for agricultural<br />
use which have no or only very limited environmental potential.<br />
56 57
58<br />
In order to limit the impact on the affected habitats, the existing forest vegetation shall be<br />
preserved to the greatest possible degree. Those parts of the development areas that remain<br />
open space shall either contain the remains of the existing forests or shall be subject to<br />
reforestation with native species of trees or bushes. To compensate for the loss of grassland<br />
on the airport territory, existing fields shall be converted into permanent grassland in areas<br />
outside of the airport fence.<br />
Areas<br />
in ha<br />
2010 –<br />
2015<br />
2016 –<br />
2025<br />
2026 –<br />
2040<br />
2010 -<br />
2040<br />
2010 –<br />
2040 (%)<br />
Forests 12,5 2,5 13,5 29 33,9<br />
Grassland 11 1 13 25 29,8<br />
Agricultural land 1 0,5 7,5 9 10,7<br />
Wasteland / Sealed 9 0,5 12 22 25,6<br />
Total 33,5 4,5 46 84 100<br />
Illustration 16: Affected areas by land-use and development phase<br />
Waste Management<br />
The amount of waste generated at the airport will rise due to the forecast number of<br />
passengers and planned business, commercial, and retail activities. In contrast to the current<br />
situation, the share of recycled waste will therefore have to rise considerably. The separation<br />
of waste is essential in order to reduce and recycle it. The separated collection of waste<br />
shall be performed according to municipal regulations. With the help of the obligatory waste<br />
disposal plan it is secured that the rising amount of waste does not cause environmental<br />
problems.<br />
15,0<br />
12,0<br />
9,0<br />
6,0<br />
3,0<br />
0,0<br />
2010 - 2015 2016 - 2025 2026 - 2040<br />
Forests Grassland Wast / Sealed Agriculture<br />
Illustration 17: Affected areas per phase (ha)<br />
Sociological<br />
In addition to the impact by aircraft noise, which has been described above, the development of<br />
the airport and its commercial surroundings will have further sociological aspects. Additional<br />
direct and indirect jobs both on and off airport will form new opportunities for the inhabitants<br />
in the neighboring communities for employment in occupations other than agriculture and<br />
tourism. The infrastructural needs of the developing areas may lead to positive side effects<br />
for the local population, e.g. better road conditions or more choice within retail or service<br />
structures. The recommendation for land-use planning as a noise mitigation measure does<br />
not interfere with existing municipal spatial plans (OPN). Only a small area would be affected<br />
by a ban on new buildings, giving the municipalities enough opportunities for residential,<br />
commercial, or industrial development in other areas.<br />
Safety<br />
Regarding the aspects fire safety, explosion safety, accidents and electromagnetic radiation<br />
no significant impacts by the <strong>Master</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Development could be made out. Provided all<br />
legal restrictions and operational recommendations are being kept regarding relocated or<br />
newly installed equipment there is no need for specific measures from an environmental<br />
standpoint.
<strong>Summary</strong><br />
The following table (next 2 pages) gives an overview of the different environmental aspects and the proposed measures to mitigate the potential impacts from the planned development:<br />
Environmental Aspect Proposed Measure Proposed year for realization<br />
1. Aircraft noise<br />
Additional Operational Procedures for Noise Abatement<br />
Noise Monitoring<br />
Noise Barriers<br />
2. Air emissions<br />
Discussion with airlines, CAA and ATC on further improvement of Noise Abatement<br />
procedures regarding departures in direction 31 during the evening (18 – 22 h)<br />
Continuation of existing monitoring programme with four stations<br />
and quarterly reports for the public<br />
Preparation of study regarding necessity of noise barriers<br />
regarding planned engine test pad<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
Continuing,<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
Comprehensive investigation Preparation of landside traffic forecast 2010 – 2015<br />
Comprehensive investigation<br />
Upgraded relocated road 104<br />
Preparation of study including calculation of air pollution due to aircraft,<br />
landside motor vehicles and buildings<br />
Implementation of 30 m wide strip of green land on both sides<br />
of the road containing remains of existing forests or reforestation<br />
with native species of trees and bushes<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2026 – 2040<br />
Environmental Aspect Proposed Measure Proposed year for realization<br />
3. Groundwater<br />
Monitoring of contamination levels and water quality Continuation and extension to developing areas<br />
De-icing of movement area<br />
De-icing / Anti-icing of aircraft<br />
Introduction of alternative eco-friendly chemicals<br />
(based on potassium / natrium acetat) instead of urea<br />
De-icing / Anti-icing of aircraft on specially-designed de-icing pads with connection<br />
to waste water system and treatment plant<br />
Faecal waste water from buildings Connection to waste water system leading to a treatment plant<br />
Rain water from sealed areas (roofs, streets, parking spaces,<br />
landside and airside staging areas, airfield pavement)<br />
Rain water from potentially contaminated sealed areas<br />
(e.g. fuel farm, petrol station, garages, de-icing pads,<br />
maintenance apron)<br />
Ground water recharge<br />
Connection to rain water system including sand filters,<br />
oil separators and infiltration wells<br />
Connection to waste water system leading to a treatment plant<br />
Collection of rainwater from roofs and paved surfaces<br />
and infiltration into the groundwater<br />
Continuing,<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
Continuing,<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
60 61
Environmental Aspect Proposed Measure Proposed year for realization<br />
4. Flora and fauna and their habitats<br />
Compensation for loss of forests and grassland<br />
Protection of edge of wood<br />
Detailed planning and approval procedures<br />
5. Waste<br />
Separation of non-hazardous waste<br />
Preservation of existing forest areas as far as possible, reforestation<br />
of open spaces with native species of trees and bushes, converting<br />
fields near the airport into permanent grassland<br />
Implementation of 30 m wide green belt on plots adjacent to remaining forests<br />
enabling a smooth transition<br />
Conduction of environmental and habitat mapping<br />
as far as requested by authorities<br />
Implementation of network of collecting points across the airport<br />
and developing areas with different bins<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
In accordance with technical planning<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
Hazardous waste Disposal at certified collectors Continuing, 2010 – 2040<br />
Waste management concept<br />
6. Sociological aspects<br />
Residential area<br />
Commercial area<br />
Noise insulation programme<br />
Preparation and implementation of detailed waste management concept for airport<br />
and developing areas obligatory for all airport users<br />
Implementation of a ban for the development of residential areas (i.e. construction<br />
of new residential buildings) within the contour of L = 60 dB(A)<br />
Evening<br />
Implementation of a ban for the development of commercial areas (i.e. construction<br />
of new commercial buildings) within the contour of L = 65 dB(A)<br />
Evening<br />
Implementation of noise insulation programme for all existing residential buildings<br />
within the contour of L = 60 dB(A) in line with the air traffic growth<br />
Evening<br />
7. Fire safety, explosion safety, accidents No measures from environmental point of view necessary<br />
8. Electromagnetic radiation No measures from environmental point of view necessary<br />
Continuing,<br />
2010 – 2040<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
2010 – 2015<br />
In accordance with results from noise<br />
monitoring 2010 – 2040<br />
10 Abbreviations<br />
Abbreviation Meaning<br />
ATM Air Traffic Movement<br />
CAPEX Capital Expenditures<br />
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate<br />
DME Distance Measuring Equipment<br />
DVOR Doppler Very High Frequency Omni-directional Radio Range<br />
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment<br />
GA General Aviation<br />
GDP Growth Domestic Product<br />
HTA HOCHTIEF AirPort<br />
IATA International Air Transport Association<br />
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization<br />
ILS Instrument Landing System<br />
Abbreviation Meaning<br />
LCC Low Cost Carrier<br />
LJLJ ICAO Airport code for <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport<br />
LJU IATA Airport code for <strong>Ljubljana</strong> International Airport<br />
NDB Non-Directional Radio Beacon<br />
OPN Municipal Spatial <strong>Plan</strong><br />
PAX Passenger<br />
PCN Pavement Classification Number<br />
RET Rapid Exit Taxiway<br />
RWY Runway<br />
TWY Taxiway<br />
VIP Very Important Person<br />
62 63
<strong>Aerodrom</strong> <strong>Ljubljana</strong>, www.lju-airport.si, E: info@lju-airport.si; T: +386 4 20 61 100; prepared in August 2010