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European Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 2, Number 1 (2006) of access by the poor (members of the target groups) and small scale industrialists to physical assets such as land and capital as well as credits (funds) to initiate investment projects that will engage people. Also, the urban centres have witnessed a great influx of people from rural, who are in search of greener pasture. For this particular reason, pressure has been mounted on the limited economic resources and social amenities in urban centres in Osun state. Low level of industialization, a usual avenue for employment, over-concentration on government sector for employment were also identified as reasons for poor employment situation in the state. The study also identified, among other things, the belief that "the rich gets richer while the poor gets poorer" as another factor militating against poverty in the state. The so-called Nigerian factor which tacitly supports corruption, theft of public funds/materials, insincerity in policy execution, population growth, social and economic imbalance as observed by Mongelle (1995) were also found to have negative effects on employment creation and reduction in poverty in the state. In addition, the paper identified discrimination of all sorts, poor state of the economy and under-utilization of resources, lack of access to markets where the poor can sell and buy goods and services, and inadequate access to the means of supporting rural development accounted for the persistence of high unemployment and poverty rates in Osun state. There exists a big gap between the objectives of NEEDS programme and its achievement in terms of employment generation and alleviation of poverty. It is observed that NEEDS is a new programme but in order to rekindle the employment generation and ameliorate poverty through NEEDS certain steps have to be taken. One way of reducing unemployment and poverty in Osun state is developing human resources at the disposal of the state. There is no doubt that Osun state is endowed with abundant human resources but when the human resources are not adequately utilized, efforts channelled towards reduction of unemployment and poverty would not yield dividends. Thus, there should be adequate manpower planning. Indeed, the key to eliminating unemployment and poverty in Osun state is to empower all categories of poor people in the state. It is, therefore, suggested that empowerment of the people is a way out of the predicament. This empowerment should be in form of possession of adequate educational skill and finance. The sincerity of all the three tiers of governments in implementing such programmes is a necessary impetus for the success of these programmes. In addition, distribution of amenities should be based mainly on the "need" formula. Also, there is a dire need for further improvement in farming activities and strong diversification of the state economy. In this regard, the Osun state government should show more interest in promoting heavy industries. Above all, agriculture which is the mainstream of the economy should be supported by providing a variety of incentives to farmers. Embarkment on various agricultural programmes for unemployed youths and graduates and adequate provision of skill acquisition materials for the youths should be encouraged. Also, State Government effort at purchasing farm tools such as tractors and cutlasses to assists the farmers in the state should be intensified. Improvement in the patronage of local products and assistance to local manufacturers financially are also important. The continuity of these exercises and transparency on the part of the government will bring about a significant reduction in poverty in the state in the long run. Areas for future research: While the report provided here is an eye opener to employment generation and poverty alleviation situation vis-a-vis the activities of the agencies charged with it in Osun state, further studies that would include broad-based household survey are needed. This will help provide, among other things reliable basis for development planning targetted towards employment generation and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. By the time of preparing this report, the SEEDS and LEEDS aspects of NEEDS were just been launched. More time is still needed in order to be able to ascertain the actual impact of NEEDS programme in Osun state. The paper only examined some of the already existing poverty alleviation programmes in the state which NEEDS takes over from in recent time. 150
International Research Journal of Finance and Economics – Volume 2, Number I (2006) References [1] Aboribo, R.I., J.A. Opara and A. Nosike (2000), "Women and Development in Nigeria: A Contemporary Perspective", African Journal of Social and Policy Studies, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.73-79. [2] Adebayo, O.O. and J.O. Amao (2000), "Rural Women and Household Poverty Alleviation in Ogo-Oluwa, Oyo State", African Journal of Business and Economic Research, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.200-203. [3] Aigbokhan, B.E. (1997), "Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: Some Macroeconomic Issues", NES Conference Proceedings, Pat Mag Press Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria. [4] Ajakaiye, O. (1998), "Conceptualization of Poverty in Nigeria", Paper Presented at the 7th Annual Zonal Research Units Conference of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Markurdi. [5] Anyanwu, J.C. (1997), "Poverty in Nigeria: Concepts and Measurement and Determinants", NES Conference Proceedings, Pat Mag Press Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria. [6] Atoloye, A.S.F. (1997), "Strategy for Growth-Led Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria", CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol.35, No.3, September, pp.298-314. [7] Bogunjoko, J.O. (1999), "Poverty and Women Development Strategy: Lessons from Policy Targeting and Public Transfers in Nigeria", CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol.41, No.1, March, pp.105-124. [8] Englama, A. and A. Bamidele (1997), "Measurement Issues in Poverty", CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol.35, No.3, September, pp.315-331. [9] Essien, D.U. (2000), "Poverty Alleviation Programme: A Positive Step Towards Development of Human Resources", African Journal of Business and Economic Research, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.13-20. [10] Fakiyesi, O.M. (2001), "Encouraging Growth to Reduce poverty in Nigeria", CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol.39, No.2, June, pp.61-91. [11] Federal Office of Statistics (1999), Poverty Profile for Nigeria: 1980-1996, Lagos. [12] Fields, G.S. (1980), "Poverty, Inequality and Development", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [13] ─── (1997), "Poverty, Inequality and Economic Well-being: African Economic Growth in Comparative Perspective", Paper Presented to the African Economic Research Consortium, August, Nairobi, Kenya. [14] Folorunso, I. (2000), "Women Empowerment and the Development of Nigeria in the 21 st Century", African Journal of Social and Policy Studies, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.126-130. [15] Gwatkin, D. R. (2000), "Health Inequalities and the Health of the Poor, What Do We Know? What Can We Do?", Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol.78, No.1, pp.3-18. [16] Ijaiya, G.T. (2000), "Feminization of Poverty in Nigeria: A Case Study of Households in Ilorin Metropolis", African Journal of Business and Economic Research, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.141-148. [17] National Population Commission (1991), Population Census Report, Lagos, Nigeria. [18] National Planning Commission (2004), National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy, Abuja, Nigeria. [19] NEEDS (2004), NIGERIA: National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy, March [20] Obashoro, O. (2002) "Programme Evaluation in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects", December. [21] Odili, J.N., D.G. Omotor and E.J. Pessu (2000), "Gender Equality and Development Framework for Women Integration In Economic Development: A Theoretical Perspective", African Journal of Social and Policy Studies, Vol.1, No.2, November, pp.22-26. [22] Odimegwu, C.O., M.O. Kuteyi, A.O. Oyedokun and O. Adeyeye (2000), "Women's Perception 151
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