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European Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 2, Number 1 (2006) Table 5: Poverty Alleviation and Employment Programmes of Government in Osun State Government Role Impact of NEEDS Group Significant (% of Res) Not Significant (% of Res) Improved Income (%) 148 Better Housing (%) Better Nutrition (%) Employment Generated up to 2004 (% increase) Farmers 49.9 55.1 22.9 11.9 13.0 12.0 Artisans 32.2 67.8 31.2 20.1 12.0 8.5 Petty Traders 25.0 75.0 10.1 22.0 14.2 5.2 Civil Servants 51.3 48.7 12.8 31.0 42.5 5.6 Small Scale Industrialists 35.8 64.2 9.4 18.7 25.1 1.8 Youths 12.5 87.5 1.0 2.1 1.3 1.2 Handicapped 5.0 95.0 0.2 0.1 1.5 0.9 WOCDIF 48.6 51.4 6.8 7.8 22.7 4.7 Transporters (NURTW) 51.0 49.0 4.5 3.2 21.8 20.2 Average 32.4 67.6 11.0 13.1 17.1 6.2 Source: Survey Data (2004) Under the auspices of Live Vanguards (LIVA), 24 youth leaders (including disabled youths) have benefitted from LIVA youth development programmes. The programme seeks to empower and sensitize youths at the grassroots on civic education, good governance and principles of democracy. Youth have generally found LIVA programmes useful and worthwhile. It was also revealed that LIVA is currently involved in National Youth Exchange (NYE) programme between Osun and Enugu state. The exchange programme is expected to facilitate better understanding of cultural differences, promote integration and expose the youth in general, and Osun state's youths in particular to various vocational skills, arts and craft related to each community covered by the exchange. Youth aged 17-24 years are currently participating in the programme. It is opined that this step will ultimately increase employment opportunities and reduce poverty among the youths. Report indicates that one youthfriendly clinic was facilitated with drugs and equipment in Osogbo. In the area of health care, a weekly medicare is conducted for the youth at LIVA centre. Awareness of NEEDS and various agencies involved in its implementation is generally low. About 25.4 per cent of respondents are aware of these agencies involved while most respondents are not aware of NEEDS. However, awareness of the NEEDS by these few respondents came through media houses by paid advertisement over radio and television. Some members got the awareness through the ministry under which their business is classified. For instance, farmers got awareness of economic enhancement designed for them through the Ministry of Agriculture. It was observed in Table 5 that the existing poverty alleviation programmes in the state had not yielded significant success; their implementations were not encouraging. The expected positive impacts of these programmes are not well felt by the general populace. Except for certain seasons (like rainy period for farmers and celebration periods for artisan and traders) when members are fully employed, the employment situation in the state is described as poor. Table 5 clearly indicates that about 68.0 per cent of the respondents claimed that their local governments (LGs) have not played significant role in employment generation and poverty alleviation, except for about 15.0 per cent that claimed that some agro-allied business have been established while LGs have also helped in training and recruitment of members, health care scheme, creation of market places and mending of local roads. About 4.5 per cent identified provision of employment, giving of loan and advances and training of artisans as the major roles played by agencies responsible for such programmes. Less than 12.0 per cent claimed that more business and better income for members have been achieved while some
International Research Journal of Finance and Economics – Volume 2, Number I (2006) members had migrated to the urban centres. About 13.0 per cent claimed that the housing situation was adequate. 17.0 per cent were of the view that NEEDS had improved their nutritional habit. Some respondents, however, claimed that there was no direct relationship between their organizations and agencies responsible for NEEDS programme implementation. Survey data obtained also indicate that UNDP is a collaborator in employment generation and poverty alleviation programmes in the state. UNDP commenced its activities in Osun state between 1995-1998. The major activities performed during the period was capacity building for relevant personnel in the state civil service that will execute programmes of activities. Workshops were also organized for these personnel. In the recent past, UNDP empowered rural populace including women by providing them with agro-allied equipment (such as palm oil processing machines) and credit facilities. Two vocational centres were also established; one at Ikirun and the other at Ilesa. Different trades are learnt in these centres by young school leavers or dropouts. The agency is, today, supporting the Osun state government in its policy to create 300,000 jobs for its citizenry. Other areas for which a blue print is being prepared are job creation at sustainable level and provision of basic infrastructural facilities towards poverty eradication and economic empowerment of people in the rural communities. National Employment Programme, through NDE has provided job for just 6.2 per cent of members which indicates that its impact is low. Survey reveals that people are facing a lot of problems when seeking for employment in the state. One major problem is the lack of general information as regards available job opportunities: people do not know where to go. There is high level iof unfairness as employment opportunities have been politicized. Another problem is inadequate planning on the part of government and individuals and probably the non availability of job opportunities. Generally, there is lack of creativity and people's orientation is poor. Many applicants are educationally incompetent coupled with lack of credits and financial assistance. Migration of people to urban centres as well as population explosion were also found to be the major causes of unemployment in the state. Self-employed people lack adequate capital and manpower, good equipment and access to markets. There is heavy reliance on government jobs which are not available given the poor state of the economy. 5 Conclusion and recommendation: The study showed that a large proportion of people (about 70.0 per cent) of Osun state in Nigeria are poor. The poor in Osun state have limited access to savings and credit facilities, good roads, pipe borne water, innovative technology and output markets. Poor people in the state are predominantly in the agricultural sector and in petty trading, utilizing traditional inputs. Qualitatively, poverty in Osun state of Nigeria has many manifestations and various dimensions. These include joblessness, over-indebtedness, economic dependence, lack of freedom, lack of basic needs of life for household, lack of access to economic resources and inability to save and obtain credit. Poor people in Osun state live in dirty localities that put significant pressure on the physical environment, thereby contributing to environmental degradation. In spite of all previous programmes aiming at improving the lot of the poor, Osun state's records of employment generation and poverty alleviation have been rather low. The paper concludes that the current employment generation and poverty alleviation programme (NEEDS) in the state had not yielded significant success as its implementation is not encouraging. The expected positive impact of NEEDS programme is not yet felt by the general populace. It is, however, observed that women's status as full housewives is gradually changing in Osun state. In fact, women, like their men counterparts and youths are now being considered in the mainstream economic policies and NEEDS programmes which past programmes had failed to recognize. Inadequate access to employment opportunities has been identified as one of the major sources of poverty in the state. In fact, the employment situation among the target group members in urban centres can be described as poor while it is only fair in the rural areas. Major reason adduced is lack 149
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References [1] Abiodun J.O. (1981)
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