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European Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 2, Number 1 (2006) 3 Methodology: 3.1 Sources of data: The study employed both primary and secondary data. Secondary data used for analysis were obtained from various government units and departments including Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Federal Office of Statistics (FOS), National Population Commission (NPC) publications and the Federal Ministry of Employment, Labour and Productivity in Osogbo. The primary data are obtained through in-depth interview of members of target groups; men and women's groups, youth organizations, small scale industrialists, artisans and trade unions. 3.2 Sample selection and techniques of data analysis: From the 30 local government areas (LGAs) in Osun state (see Table 1), four local government areas were purposively selected for the generation of primary data. Two of these, Olorunda and Ilesa- West, are urban while the other two, Ede North and Egbedore, are rural. These 4 LGAs are located not too far from the seat of power. Whatever is obtained here is considered to be a good reflection of the impact of government especially with respect to employment and poverty alleviation. In each of these four LGAs, twenty members of the target groups of NEEDS were randomly selected and interviewed. Qualitative instrument of data collection was used. The instrument involves the use of structured questionnaire in the administration of in-depth interview. The questionnaire addresses various aspects of the issues raised by the research questions. Two hundred and sixty (260) in-depth interviews were conducted for eight (8) different target groups of NEEDS. The selection of a target group, however, depends solely on the existence of the group in the selected local government areas. This is the case with Women and Children Development Initiative Foundation (WOCDIF), Youth and Handicapped groups which were only found in urban centres. Table 2 shows the distribution of target groups for in-depth interview. The target groups used in data collection and their distributions are as follows: Women's group or WOCDIF (20); Farmers' group (40); Traders' group (40); Artisans' group (40); Small Scale Industrialists group (40); Youth group or Life Vanguards (20); Handicapped group (20); and National Union of Road and Transport Workers, NURTW (20). Table 2: Distribution of Target Groups for In-depth Interview Group Rural Urban Total Artisans/Craftmen 20 20 40 Traders 20 20 40 Women (WOCDIF) - 20 20 Farmers 20 20 40 Handicapped - 20 20 Youth (Live Vanguards) - 20 20 Transporters (NURTW) 20 20 40 Small Scale Industrialists 20 20 40 Total 100 160 260 Simple qualitative techniques which allows a tracking of the main trends in the views of the respondent were carried out. For instance, on the issue of employment trend, we categorized perceptions of employment in the state and counted the number of respondents whose responses give some allusion to the main issue. The analysis of data is carried out by the use of qualitative methods. 144
International Research Journal of Finance and Economics – Volume 2, Number I (2006) 4 Analysis of survey data: The economic base of the state is presently very weak. The sector that is generating revenue and providing employment is the agricultural and forestry sector. Close to 80.0 per cent of the respondents were of the view that agricultural sector is still largely neglected despite the recent effort of the state government in the area of farm mechanization. Agriculture is largely weather dependent; when rains fail, crop do badly. Also, farmers do not often have access to farm inputs such as insecticides and fertilizers. Government has attempted to help many members of target groups of NEEDS programme. For instance, the Osun state government recently purchased 300 tractors for farmers use in the state. The effect of this action is yet to be felt. Evidence shows that social amenities are widely distributed in the state. These include market, electricity, pipe borne water, telephone and road networks. The study, however, shows that social amenities in Osun state are inadequate. For instance, most of the roads in the inner cities, even Osogbo, are in a state of disrepair. Pipe borne water supply is erratic as that of electricity although location like Ede North LGA enjoys relatively good supply. The inadequate functioning of these amenities were found to have discouraged private sector as regards investment projects in the state. Osun state needs to be first of all be empowered. The survey data indicate that the dominant economic resources of Osun state come from the agricultural and forestry sector. Substantial acreages of land are under food and cash crops. While the state is endowed with mineral resources, they are yet to be exploited to their full commercial scale. This is the same with tourism. In fact, farming, trading, craft, small scale enterprise and civil service dominate the occupation of people in Osogbo and Ilesa (urban centres) while farming and craft occupation dominate Ede and Awo (rural centres) with small percentage engaging in small scale enterprise and petty trading. As shown in Table 3, about 70.0 per cent and 7.5 per cent of the target population earn their living from subsistence farming and handicraft respectively. Only a small proportion (about 15.0 per cent) of the population are civil servants while 3.5 per cent and 2.2 per cent are petty traders and small scale industrialists respectively. It was also evident in survey data presented in Table 3 that high proportion of members of target groups are Osun state indigenes. Indeed, close to 90.0 per cent of farmer's settlers are natives while the remaining 10.0 per cent are non-natives. The population structure is similar for all other target groups examined. Members of the different groups interviewed ranged from 100 to a number as large as 5000. It was clear from the respondents that the main aim of forming these groups was to improve the general welfare of members through thrift and credit arrangements, acquisition of improved technical know-how, seeking for assistance and giving helping hands to vulnerable members. Also, some of the groups were formed in order to bail members out of poverty through economic empowerment. 145
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References [1] Abiodun J.O. (1981)
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