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European Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 2, Number 1 (2006) to a wide range of derivatives including secondary forests, cocoa-kolanut mosaics, palm tree groves, food crop farms and savanna especially in the north. Mature forest, however still exists in the Owu forest reserve at the southern part of the state. Osun state has its headquarters at Osogbo which is the most commercial centre. It is known to be a semi-urban state, having high number of rural towns relative to few urban centres; Osogbo, Ile-Ife and Ilesa towns. Osun state is dominated by the Yoruba ethnic group which is unified by a common language. Within this main linguistic group, there are several subgroups with distinctive dialects. They include the Osuns, Ifes, Ijesas and Igbominas. Apart from the Yoruba, large numbers of other ethnic groups are found in the state. The census figures for 1991 clearly indicate that Osun state has a population of 2.158 million. Males represented 48.3 per cent while women accounted for 51.7 per cent of this figure (NPC, 1991). For grassroots administration, the state is divided into thirty (30) Local Government Areas. According to the 1991 National Population Census the breakdown according to the 30 Local Government Areas are shown in Table 1. Using a growth rate of 2.83 per cent the projected population of Osun State for 2004 standa at 3,101,974m. 2.2 Socio-economic profile: The major occupations of people in rural communities of the state are farming, trading and crafts while public services and private industries such as banking and insurance services are available in the urban communities. Osogbo, the state headquarters, Ile-Ife and Ilesa are among the largest cities in Osun State. These cities, with few other rural areas enjoy good road network, adequate supply of pipe borne water, good telecommunication network, adequate power supply. Indeed, all features found in a typical first order settlement such as police and army barracks, radio and television stations, railway station, a dam to mention but few, are present in Osogbo. Osun state has a mixed dual economic system in which the ownership of the means of production is shared between public and private sectors, with the latter becoming increasingly involved in modern business sector in recent years. The other major feature of the economy is the concomitant existence of the subsistence industries of agriculture and handicrafts in which the majority of the population earn their living. Per capita income in 2001 was about=,N 230 while the majority of the people live on meager income from subsistence agriculture. The vast majority of farmers are engaged in subsistence farming. Dominant features such as migration and seasonal production, lack of modern agricultural implements and low capital inhibit productivity in the agricultural sector. The relatively large size of the labour force in Osun reflects the dominating role and the huge size of the agricultural sector. Agriculture, perhaps, remains the major source of employment for most people in the labour force. Yet, in Osun state today, except for a few government plantations, agriculture remains a subsistence activity. The apparent absence of a high technology sector and the reliance on the elementary sub-sector constitute a major concern for the government. Stimulated by the demand for labour in government forces and establishments, there has been a growth of interest in wage employment among Osun people. Thus, since its creation in 1991, the labour force has grown gradually, although moderately. Almost 40.0 per cent of the population were in labour force in 1991 while active labour force 142
International Research Journal of Finance and Economics – Volume 2, Number I (2006) Table 1: Population and Land Area by LGAs S/No LGA Name Pop. 1991 Projected Population 2004 * Land Area (km 2 ) + Percent of state Land 1 Atakumosa East 38105 54770 419.62 5.25 2 Atakumosa West 60037 86293 502.01 6.28 3 Aiyedaade 94777 136226 951.37 11.90 4 Aiyedire 41636 59845 247.87 3.10 5 Boluwaduro 42392 60932 132.75 1.66 6 Boripe 82387 118202 107.07 1.34 7 Ede North 69388 99734 107.55 1.35 8 Ede South 72975 104890 183.72 2.30 9 Egbedore 40293 60789 235.44 2.94 10 Ejigbo 69366 99702 343.84 4.30 11 Ife Central 96580 138818 168.92 2.11 12 Ife East 95857 137779 164.46 2.06 13 Ife North 127677 183515 708.91 8.86 14 Ife South 88170 126730 647.32 8.09 15 Ifedayo 24671 35460 201.30 2.51 16 Ifelodun 76565 110050 110.92 1.39 17 Ila 50585 72708 190.73 2.39 18 Ilesa East 78471 112789 65.03 0.81 19 Ilesa West 60974 87640 57.51 0.72 20 Irepodun 80415 115583 54.47 0.68 21 Irewole 77884 111945 233.35 2.92 22 Isokan 56943 81846 237.02 2.96 23 Iwo 105401 151497 246.26 3.08 24 Obokun 61218 87991 464.72 5.81 25 Odo-Otin 82314 118313 260.83 3.26 26 Ola Oluwa 39454 56709 298.77 3.74 27 Olorunda 83347 119798 85.07 1.06 28 Oriade 80833 116184 447.99 5.60 29 Orolu 73042 104986 76.24 0.95 30 Osogbo 106386 152912 46.47 0.58 State Total 2,158,143 3,101,974 7997.54 100 Source: NPC 1991 + Digitalized map of Osun State. * 2001 Population Projection using 2.83 per cent annual population growth rate was about 65.0 per cent in 1999. FOS (2001) survey data has indicated that there were close to 1.0 million (representing 25.0 per cent) wage-earners in Osun state. This represents an increase of 15.0 per cent since 1991. Based on the labour force sample survey, 1.65 millions (representing 55.0 per cent) are engaged in agriculture. Generally, wage employment in agriculture is an infinitesimal percentage of total wage employment; it was 0.6 per cent in urban areas and 1.2 per cent in rural areas in 1991. In contrast, nonagricultural wage employment in urban centres was 21.0 per cent and 1.5 per cent for rural areas during the same period. Survey data of FOS (2001) placed 49.0 per cent of Osun people as living below the poverty line in 1986. The ratio increased to 58.0 per cent in 1996 and rose steeply, thereafter, reaching an estimated 1.8million people representing 69.0 per cent of population in 2000. Life expectancy at birth remained at an average of 51 years while adult literacy stood at 55.0 per cent of the population. 143
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