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European Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 2, Number 1 (2006) [36] Okotoni, Matthew (1993) "Problem of Internally Generated Revenue for Local Governments" (Paper presented at the National Workshop on Revenue Allocation and Generation for Local Government; at the Nigeria Institute of International Affairs, Lagos, January 27-28, 1993). [37] Okotoni, Olu (1996) "Local Government and National Development in Nigeria The Nigerian Journal of Local Government Studies Vol. 6 pp 44-59 [38] Olaloku, F. Akin (1979) "Nigerian Federal Finances: Issues and Choices" in A.B. Akinyemi et al (eds) Readings in Federalism Lagos NIIA pp 109-125 [39] Olowu, Dele; C.A. Ajayi, Dotun Popoola, M.O. Okotoni, S.R. Akinola (1994) Property Taxation and Nigerian Local Government, sponsored by IDRC, Canada. [40] Olowu, Dele & Olu Okotoni (1996) "The Informal Sector in Nigeria: Some Analytical and Developmental Issues" in E.U. Olisadebe and Olu Ajakaiye Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Informal Sector Research in Nigeria Lagos, Ibadan, Central Bank of Nigeria and Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic Research, pp 27-39. [41] Oribabor, P.E. "Improving Staff Training in Tax Administration: A Diagnostic Approach to Assessment of Training Needs" The Quarterly Journal of Administration Volume XX, Nos. One and Two, pp 95-104. [42] Oyelere, B.A. and P.O. Oyewole (1986) "Computer Application to Tax Administration" The Quarterly Journal of Administration Volume XX, Nos. One and Two, pp 81-94. [43] Pechman, J.A (1985) The Promise of Tax Reform Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall Inc. [44] Rosenau, J.N. (1992) "Governance, Order, and Change in World Politics" in J.N Rosenau and Ernest-Otto Czempiel eds Governance with Government: Order and Changes in World Politics New York, Port Chester Cambridge University Press, pp 1-29. [45] Schumpeter, J.A. (1996) "The Crisis of the Tax State in Richard Swedberg ed Economic Sociology Cheltenham, pp 5-38. [46] Stolper, W.F. (1970) "Some Considerations concerning the Allocation of Fiscal Resources" The Quarterly Journal of Administration Vol. IV, No. 2, pp 83-91. [47] Trevor, G. "Statement on Good Governance" in African Institute for Democracy, April 1997, pp 131-136. [48] Weber, Max (1978) Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology Berkeley, University of California Press. [49] Wunsch, J.S. and Dele Olowu (1995) ed The Failure of the Centralized State San Francisco, Institute of Contemporary Studies. [50] Zartman, I. William ed (1997) Governance as Conflict Management Washington, D.C. Brookings Institution Press. 138
International Research Journal of Finance and Economics – Volume 2, Number I (2006) Impact of Government-Based Strategy on Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria Benjamin Ayodele Folorunso and Janet O. Olusi Department of Economics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria Abstract The paper analyzed the effects of poverty alleviation and employment programme of NEEDS on the key targeted groups in Osun State of Nigeria. The study employed structured questionnaire in eliciting information from members of the target groups through interview method. Adopting qualitative techniques of analysis, factors that constituted obstacles to the advancement of Osun state in the areas of employment generation and poverty reduction were identified. The study found that obstacle to poverty reduction and employment generation was the lack of adequate empowerment on the part of the members of target groups; members had little education and lack financial opportunities. Programmes' effects had been minimal since the level of poverty is still very high despite the acclaimed efforts of NEEDS to encourage entrepreneurship in the state. This was, however, due to poor policy implementation; empowerment materials are distributed using political factors rather than economic factors. Youths, rural women and the disabled are mostly affected because their empowerment levels were lower relative to men's. The paper therefore suggests proper implementation of NEEDS policy by empowering every members of the target groups irrespective of their political affiliation. Key Words: Poverty Alleviation, Employment, Empowerment, Public Policy. Introduction: Given its excruciating effects on human development, poverty alleviation remains the focus of national, state and local development programmes. Poverty is a vicious circle that keeps the poor in a state of destitution and disillusionment. In its absolute term, poverty is defined as the inability of the individual or household to command sufficient resources to satisfy basic needs. These basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, education, health care, access to safe drinking water, and other non-food necessities of life (Fields, 1980 and 1997). These requirements are expressed in local monetary units as the poverty line. An individual or household is then classified as poor if its income or consumption is below the poverty line and non-poor if it is above. Often, the poor are known to have inadequate level of consumption (Aluko, 1975), illiterates with short life span (World Bank, 1996), unemployed and/or underemployed and cannot satisfy their basic health needs (Sancho, 1996). Reports of various studies have shown that a large proportion of Nigerians is poor (World Bank, 1999; UNDP, 2000). Indications are that the proportion of the poor people in the total population of Nigeria has increased significantly in recent years (CBN, 1999). In 1986 for instance, 43.0 per cent of Nigerians lived below the poverty line. The proportion increased to 53.0 per cent in 139
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