Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository
in, as the market sequences of Besieged show. Not uncoincidentally, in 2002 a famous multiethnic band of musicians was formed there, which took its name from the square - L 'orchestra di Piazza Vittorio - and is one of the best known examples in Italy of successful multiculturalism. Therefore, at least for viewers familiar with Rome's topology, the film location has arguably been chosen to fit the criterion of verisimilitude sought by the narrative. Nevertheless, the realism evoked by the location, set and character traits is counterbalanced by a sophisticated, intellectual cinematic construction, combining stylized framings, skewed angles, varying film speeds and unconventional editing, which shape the film's style. In addition, in terms of Besieged' s narrative construction, Bertolucci resumes his habit of leaving viewers with a denouement that is ambivalent, leaving the viewer's cognitive hypotheses suspended. A prologue with a cinematic citation The prologue accompanying the opening credits contains key narrative details; it is composed of African images and sounds that inform viewers about Shandurai's background. She is a nurse who witnesses the arrest of her husband, a local teacher, for political reasons, and she is forced to emigrate. The scene depicting the arrest seems designed to trigger the recognition of connoisseurs of film history, as it evokes a key scene from Rossellini's Roma citta aperta I Rome Open City (1945), one of the best known Neorealist films. In Bertolucci's cinematic debut Before the Revolution, Rossellini's name is mentioned as a key exponent of art cinema, and another element of homage, here in Besieged, not only seems plausible but also indicative of a pattern of cinematic citation and homage that Bertolucci was to continue in The Dreamers. In Rossellini's take, the camera cross cuts between three images, those of a member of the Italian resistance flanked by German soldiers as he is taken away on a truck, his partner running after the truck with her right arm outstretched, shouting his name, and the local priest who tries to restrain her. Eventually a soldier shoots her down, and she falls dead 312
on the dusty road, while the priest arrives and kneels beside her. In Besieged the sequence presents the same composition, framings and camera movements, except that Shandurai is not killed, but falls on her knees and buries her face in her hands. Where Rossellini heightens the emotional torment of the scene via soundtrack music Bertolucci opts for a different - though equally disconcerting - effect by removing the scene's diegetic sound. Because this is a prologue and not a denouement, an African seer - who replaces the priest in approaching the woman - does not stop and attend to her, but a few steps away he resumes his litany to indicate the story's continuation. For many viewers, both Italian and also those with knowledge of world cinema, the scene indirectly draws on the affective power of one of the most traumatic scenes in the history of Italian cinema, and therefore a link between Besieged and its cinematic heritage is set up. Plot summary The film's main narrative starts with Shandurai already in Italy. She is portrayed as the object of unsolicited attention from Kinsky, an English pianist, for whom she works as a housemaid in an elegant Rome apartment that he has inherited. Shandurai's contacts with the outside world are limited to the university where she is studying medicine, and where she has only one friend, Agostino. Kinsky too leads a lonely life, only seeing a few youngsters to whom he teaches piano. In love with Shandurai, Kinsky besieges her with unsolicited attention. As a consequence of a confrontation in which Kinsky declares that he would do anything for her - Shandurai consequently challenging him to get her husband out of jail - Kinsky sells his most precious belongings to provide the money necessary to liberate the man. This act proves to be a more insidious, psychological siege on Shandurai's state of mind, and she eventually sleeps with Kinsky the night before her husband's arrival. 313
- Page 265 and 266: intensity created by stylized light
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- Page 289 and 290: That this sequence was written, pro
- Page 291 and 292: of Caterina discovering Joe's drug
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- Page 295 and 296: was considered to be Bertolucci's r
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- Page 299 and 300: of their 'elder sisters'. In a broa
- Page 301 and 302: she slowly changes position. Both s
- Page 303 and 304: evolve (M. Smith, 1995: 84-85). The
- Page 305 and 306: any allegiance towards the characte
- Page 307 and 308: the 'elder sister' is also unsatisf
- Page 309 and 310: omantic fulfilment. The author as o
- Page 311 and 312: striking garden whose colours natur
- Page 313 and 314: life revitalized. Diane rediscovers
- Page 315: L 'assedio I Besieged: A Cognitive
- Page 319 and 320: elongings, and his silent, secretiv
- Page 321 and 322: individuals like Shandurai in Italy
- Page 323 and 324: other' as opposed to the individual
- Page 325 and 326: (Loshitsky, 2010: 90-93) via argume
- Page 327 and 328: create different artistic effects,
- Page 329 and 330: The use of different film speeds an
- Page 331 and 332: unfolded by the narrative until tha
- Page 333 and 334: CONCLUSION This project's aim has b
- Page 335 and 336: had much to teach him, and his reso
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- Page 339 and 340: within Italian cinema has not been
- Page 341 and 342: Oneiric: The depiction of dream-lik
- Page 343 and 344: Bertolucci, B. (2002) 'Bertolucci i
- Page 345 and 346: Grodal, T. (1999) 'Emotions, Cognit
- Page 347 and 348: Orwell, G. (1949) Nineteen Eighty-F
- Page 349 and 350: Willett, J. (ed.) (1992) Brecht on
- Page 351 and 352: Cinematography: Giovanni Narzisi; P
- Page 353 and 354: Editing: Gabriella Cristiani; Music
- Page 355 and 356: SELECT FILMOGRAPHY A bout de souffl
- Page 357 and 358: Rashomon, Akira Kurosawa, 1951. Rat
on the dusty road, while the priest arrives and kneels beside her. In Besieged the sequence<br />
presents the same composition, framings and camera movements, except that Shandurai is not<br />
killed, but falls on her knees and buries her face in her hands. Where Rossellini heightens the<br />
emotional torment <strong>of</strong> the scene via soundtrack music Bertolucci opts for a different - though<br />
equally disconcerting - effect by removing the scene's diegetic sound. Because this is a<br />
prologue and not a denouement, an African seer - who replaces the priest in approaching the<br />
woman - does not stop and attend to her, but a few steps away he resumes his litany to<br />
indicate the story's continuation. For many viewers, both Italian and also those with<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> world cinema, the scene indirectly draws on the affective power <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
most traumatic scenes in the history <strong>of</strong> Italian cinema, and therefore a link between Besieged<br />
and its cinematic heritage is set up.<br />
Plot summary<br />
The film's main narrative starts with Shandurai already in Italy. She is portrayed as the object<br />
<strong>of</strong> unsolicited attention from Kinsky, an English pianist, for whom she works as a housemaid<br />
in an elegant Rome apartment that he has inherited. Shandurai's contacts with the outside<br />
world are limited to the university where she is studying medicine, and where she has only<br />
one friend, Agostino. Kinsky too leads a lonely life, only seeing a few youngsters to whom he<br />
teaches piano. In love with Shandurai, Kinsky besieges her with unsolicited attention. As a<br />
consequence <strong>of</strong> a confrontation in which Kinsky declares that he would do anything for her -<br />
Shandurai consequently challenging him to get her husband out <strong>of</strong> jail - Kinsky sells his most<br />
precious belongings to provide the money necessary to liberate the man. This act proves to be<br />
a more insidious, psychological siege on Shandurai's state <strong>of</strong> mind, and she eventually sleeps<br />
with Kinsky the night before her husband's arrival.<br />
313