Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository

Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository Download (12MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository

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viewers towards a state of psychological abandon as regards time. This narrative strand depicts the splendour of sunsets and dawns in the desert in such a way that a timeless experience is created, fused with an allegorical impression of an original, unadulterated, terrestrial existence. Apart from the extensive use of long shots, the underlying aesthetic in these sequences is related to the construction of lyrical forms; drawing on Grodal's research, two lyrical elements can be identified: light and rhythmic phenomena. Grodal explains that when light is deployed to draw attention to itself, the evaluation of a film's reality status and its temporal status is affected because the reality of the diegesis dissolves and the viewing experience becomes more achronic (Grodal, 1997: 153). The spectacular light of the sunsets and dawns on the desert's red sand removes corporeality from life forms - such as humans and camels - within this landscape; in the intense daylight, they seem made of paper, and at night, their movements resemble a theatre of shadows. The result is that these images elicit pure contemplation from the film's viewers, a form of engagement that cancels the temporal and the spatial dimensions of the sequences. On the impact of light upon viewers, Storaro affirms: Light is a physical thing. It enters the eye, and therefore the brains of the people who are looking at it. The wavelengths of the various tones impart particular psychological signals, which the audience absorbs. It alters their blood pressure, their metabolism, their physical input. It is my work to tell the story of the script, in this case the story of Port and Kit, carefully employing my understanding of these principles, while writing with the light (Storaro, 1990: 88). Grodal suggests that rhythmic phenomena also have lyrical potential; rhythm within films - whether in the form of beats on a soundtrack, montage patterns, or camera movement - is connected with the 'autonomic processes of the body\ The abovementioned techniques are most important for 'representing a non-telic, non-object directed activity', (Grodal, 1997: 153) because they can change how time is perceived, hi The Sheltering Sky, rhythm is created by camera movement reproducing the swaying motion of the camels during the Tuareg journey. Given that the camera is also the viewers' perceptual outlet into the filmic space, the 250

camera's 'symbiotic fusion' with the camels is shared by them. Viewers are also closely aligned with Kit during the journey through repeated POV shots, and share her sense of abandon, becoming oblivious to the cultural world to which she belongs. Femininity and the destiny of female fulfilment To portray Kit's devastation at Port's death, especially after having reached a mutual understanding, Debra Winger portrays the character extremely passively - she never really speaks - to convey estrangement from her past life. Her intense sexual relationship with Belquassim is linked to the issue of identity, as its origins can be found in a concept that Bertolucci explored in Last Tango in Pans, with the addition that here the use of verbal language is erased altogether. By having Kit and Belquassim re-enact the sexual experience of Paul and Jeanne who also met in seclusion, ignorant of each other's identity, Bertolucci confirms his idea that only the annulment of memory, and consequently of one's own identity, can temporarily allow a fusion with the Other and a free joyful sexuality. Like Paul in the Paris apartment. Kit finds in this sensual seclusion a sort of limbo in which pressing questions disappear. Between the two films there is also some similarity in the mise-en-scene; Kit stands half undressed in a washtub while Belquassim playfully washes black paint off her, and this is reminiscent of Jeanne being sponged down by Paul. Nonetheless Kit's destiny is almost as sad as Port's, given that she must live with the impossibility of being happy. Kit rejects traditional concepts of matrimony, with its established passive female roles that lead to psychological frustration, a mode of being that also affects long term sensual gratification. She also refuses more modern, pragmatic ways of conducting relationships as typified by Tunner's perspective, because she knows the limitations of living purely for the moment. The pessimism implied by her situation emerges in Kit's admission that she is lost; it is an open ending that will find an attempted solution in 251

viewers towards a state <strong>of</strong> psychological abandon as regards time. This narrative strand<br />

depicts the splendour <strong>of</strong> sunsets and dawns in the desert in such a way that a timeless<br />

experience is created, fused with an allegorical impression <strong>of</strong> an original, unadulterated,<br />

terrestrial existence. Apart from the extensive use <strong>of</strong> long shots, the underlying aesthetic in<br />

these sequences is related to the construction <strong>of</strong> lyrical forms; drawing on Grodal's research,<br />

two lyrical elements can be identified: light and rhythmic phenomena. Grodal explains that<br />

when light is deployed to draw attention to itself, the evaluation <strong>of</strong> a film's reality status and<br />

its temporal status is affected because the reality <strong>of</strong> the diegesis dissolves and the viewing<br />

experience becomes more achronic (Grodal, 1997: 153). The spectacular light <strong>of</strong> the sunsets<br />

and dawns on the desert's red sand removes corporeality from life forms - such as humans<br />

and camels - within this landscape; in the intense daylight, they seem made <strong>of</strong> paper, and at<br />

night, their movements resemble a theatre <strong>of</strong> shadows. The result is that these images elicit<br />

pure contemplation from the film's viewers, a form <strong>of</strong> engagement that cancels the temporal<br />

and the spatial dimensions <strong>of</strong> the sequences. On the impact <strong>of</strong> light upon viewers, Storaro<br />

affirms:<br />

Light is a physical thing. It enters the eye, and therefore the brains <strong>of</strong> the people who are looking at it.<br />

The wavelengths <strong>of</strong> the various tones impart particular psychological signals, which the audience<br />

absorbs. It alters their blood pressure, their metabolism, their physical input. It is my work to tell the<br />

story <strong>of</strong> the script, in this case the story <strong>of</strong> Port and Kit, carefully employing my understanding <strong>of</strong> these<br />

principles, while writing with the light (Storaro, 1990: 88).<br />

Grodal suggests that rhythmic phenomena also have lyrical potential; rhythm within<br />

films - whether in the form <strong>of</strong> beats on a soundtrack, montage patterns, or camera movement<br />

- is connected with the 'autonomic processes <strong>of</strong> the body\ The abovementioned techniques<br />

are most important for 'representing a non-telic, non-object directed activity', (Grodal, 1997:<br />

153) because they can change how time is perceived, hi The Sheltering Sky, rhythm is created<br />

by camera movement reproducing the swaying motion <strong>of</strong> the camels during the Tuareg<br />

journey. Given that the camera is also the viewers' perceptual outlet into the filmic space, the<br />

250

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