20.1. Introduction The sea is a blessing as it provides livelihood to the vast majority <strong>of</strong> people but it can also be a destructive force. The monsoon winds, submarine topography and continuous process <strong>of</strong> erosion along the coast sometimes create catastrophe in the area. th Furhter, the Makran coast is seismically active and susceptible to earthquakes. The earthquake <strong>of</strong> 28 November, 1945 caused a tsunami and hit the district, killing more than 4,000 people. The tropical cyclone GUNO & 03B (YEMYINE), in the Arabian Sea, hit the coastal belt <strong>of</strong> <strong>Balochistan</strong>. It started from the first week <strong>of</strong> June 2007 and caused torrential rains and heavy flash flood in river DASHT, damaging coastal highway and public properties; livestock and government buildings. Fishermen community, living along the coast and the people living along the river Dasht, are primarily vulnerable to such kind <strong>of</strong> disasters. The flood water <strong>of</strong> the river extensively causes damages to the road network and interrupts food supply lines. The following losses and damages were caused by the tropical cyclone <strong>of</strong> June / July 2007: 20.2. Drought Table 20.1: Losses and Damages <strong>of</strong> Monsoon Rains in the Year 2007 Disaster name Units Human Deaths 24 Houses Damaged 3,750 Agriculture Losses 4,520 Livestock Lost 10,484 Poultry Birds 7,829 PHED w/ss 7 School buildings 28 Link Roads 75 Km National Highway 40 Km Tube wells 350 (PDMA) <strong>Gwadar</strong> Flood in seasonal rivers are uncommon in <strong>Gwadar</strong>. Storage dams were constructed on many seasonal streams because <strong>of</strong> brackish underground water. These storage dams have caused floods due to the heavy rains in their catchment areas. The district is dotted with storage dams on major rivers. These dams are important sources <strong>of</strong> water supply. Akara Dam in <strong>Gwadar</strong> and Shadi Kaur Dam in Pasni are the largest among these storage reservoirs. Shadi Kaur Dam, near the town <strong>of</strong> Pasni usually spills over during the rainy season, causing havoc to the livelihood and property <strong>of</strong> the people. The rains in 2005 and 2007 washed away Shadi Kaur Dam, resulting in heavy floods and devastated the localities. Although the Civil Defense Department has no presence in the district but it holds awareness programs in the district from time to time and have trained many government employees and community members in its Quetta based <strong>of</strong>fice. District <strong>Gwadar</strong> experienced the drought spell from 1997 to 2003, which was the severe and long. Livestock in the district was badly affected and people from rural areas migrated to main towns <strong>of</strong> the district. 20.3. History <strong>of</strong> Natural Disaster Table 20.2: Major Disasters Occurred Hazard Threat Year <strong>of</strong> Occurrence Area Affected Population Affected Public and Private Property Affected (PDMA <strong>Gwadar</strong>) 20.4. Lead Agency and Support Organizations for Various Hazards The following agencies have primary and secondary responsibilities to provide emergency assistance, as per their mandate and areas <strong>of</strong> competence, to the respective hazards identified. 96 97 Earthquake Flood Sea Erosion Hurricane Sand dune / sand storm Tsu nami Sea Storm 1945 1998, 2002, 2005 and 2007 2005 onward 1985, 2007 1990, 1995, 2001, 2006 Unknown 1989, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2007 Pasni and Ormara Town Pasni, Ormara and Suntsar Union Council Surbander and <strong>Gwadar</strong> Town Dasht Area Pasni Town Jiwani, Ormara and Pasni Table 20.3: Lead Agency and Support Organizations for Various Hazards Hazard Threat Drought Earthquake Floods Fire (urban / rural) Major transport accident- Road accidents Major transport accident-Rail accidents Major transport accident- Aviation accidents Major transport accident-Oil spill and Maritime Industrial and Mine accidents / fires Pollution Pollution, hazardous substances accidents (Nuclear, radiological & chemical) Refugees & IDPs Crisis (bomb threat, bomb explosion, hostage taking, stampede, demonstrations) Lead Agency / Department Livestock & Agriculture Department PDMA Irrigation Department TMAs Police Pakistan Railway Civil Aviation Authority Fisheries Department, BCDA Industries, Mines and Mineral Department Department Environment TMA Home & Tribal Affairs Department Police - 60% <strong>of</strong> the total population in both towns 30% <strong>of</strong> Pasni and 90% <strong>of</strong> the Union Council Suntsar were affected 20% <strong>of</strong> the Surbander area has been affected 10% 20% - 11 people killed by sea storm near Jiwani Support Organizations Exact damages are Unknown 60% in Pasni and 95% in the Suntsar 40 houses has recently been washed away be the sea erosion which increasing day by day Unknown Unknown PHE, Irrigation, Planning, Forest, Health & Social Welfare department, DDMAs, NGOs, PRCS and Community All Provincial departments, PRCS, Civil Defense, Community, NGOs, CBOs, Police, Military, Sui Southern Gas, QESCO, NHA Civil Defense, Agriculture, Livestock, PHE, Health, C & W Metrological departments, Police Military, NGOs, Community, Civil Defense, Community Civil Defense, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Police, Community, C & W department Civil Defense, Fire Brigade, Health, PRCS, Boy Scouts Association, DDMAs, Community Police, Health, Civil Defense, Fire Brigade, Community, PRCS, Boy Scouts Association Police, Health, Civil Defense, Fire Brigade, Community, PRCS, Boy Scouts Association, DDMAs Police, Environment, Community, Civil Defense, Fire Brigade, GPA, MSA, Boy Scouts Association, Hospitals, DDMAs Police, Community, PRCS, Boy Scouts, Industries and Mines & Mineral department, DDMAs - Fisheries, Health, Forest, Mines, Industry, Health & PHED department, Police Civil Defense, DDMAs UNHCR, PRCS, DDMAs Civil Defense, Community, PRCS, Boy Scouts, Military, DDMAs - - (PDMA)
20.5. Some Key Findings The District Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan (DRRMP) is a guiding tool to mitigate the disaster damages, to the possible extent, through better managerial skills, scientific methods, collective efforts, rational mobilization <strong>of</strong> available resources and institutional mobilization. Although the DDMAs in the Province have developed the District Disaster Risk Reduction Plan (DDRRP) but the capacity to implement it is very limited and weak. The DRRM Plans do not lower the various phases <strong>of</strong> DRM; this might be due to lack <strong>of</strong> capacity and skill at district level. Challenges are the external or internal conditions which may hinder or can be the hurdles in achieving the objectives <strong>of</strong> Disaster Risk Management. The challenges, impediments and hurdles in managing disasters are identified as: Ÿ Poor governance which is the root cause <strong>of</strong> all other factors, lack <strong>of</strong> understanding and awareness among decision makers and government <strong>of</strong>ficials regarding hazards that can become disaster. Ÿ Inability to deal with emergencies, lack and absence <strong>of</strong> capacity regarding training, skills and awareness on disaster risk management among stakeholders. Ÿ Lack <strong>of</strong> structure, resources and poor logistics and financial capacity. Ÿ Weak links at grass root level to implement mitigation programs at community level. Ÿ Poor preparedness capacity <strong>of</strong> Emergency Services and Fire Brigade. Ÿ Absence <strong>of</strong> Civil Defense Department. Ÿ Lack <strong>of</strong> Early Warning System. DDRMP is a good initiative, which lays foundation for more detailed work. <strong>Government</strong> departments and other stakeholders will have to review and update the plan in view <strong>of</strong> available resources and implementation capacities <strong>of</strong> those who have key role to cope with emergencies and disasters. 98 99 21 Rs. in Millions 500 250 0 DISTRICT ACCOUNTS & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS District Accounts Budget Total PSDP Allocation Total Release Total Expenditures 229 214 215 357 357 357 277 277 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 Year PSDPs 2005-06 to 2009-10, (utilization figures for 2009-10 are low as financial year had not ended when data was being collected. 28 Budget Utilization (%) Percent 100 75 50 25 0 100 PSDPs 2005-06 to 2009-10 100 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 Year 10
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